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Angiotensin type 1 receptor antisense in the subfornical organ attenuates the drinking and corticosterone response to isoproterenol.
ARTICLE IN PRESS Abstracts / Appetite 49 (2007) 272–341
Associations between eating frequency, energy intake, and body weight among 6-year-old children T.V.E KRAL,
A.J. STUNKARD, R.I. BERKOWITZ, V.A. STALLINGS, M.S. FAITH. University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA Eating frequency has been associated with reduced body weight in children in some, but not all studies. The purpose of this investigation, which is part of a longitudinal study (Stunkard et al., 1999), was to compare 6-year-old low-frequency (LF; n=21) and high-frequency (HF; n=21) eaters on: (a) the amount (g), energy (kcal), and energy density (ED; kcal/g) consumed per eating episode, (b) daily energy intake, and c) body composition. The daily number of eating episodes, defined as any eating/ drinking occasion that was separated by at least 15 min, was generated from 3-day weighed food records. Children’s anthropometric measures and body composition were assessed. Results showed that LF eaters, compared to HF eaters, consumed significantly more weight (244713 vs. 17579 g, Po0.001) and energy (328719 vs. 225710 kcal, Po0.001) per eating occasion, but did not differ in ED (1.7970.09 vs. 1.9070.09 kcal/g; P=0.54) and daily energy intake (1504760 vs. 1593765 kcal, P=0.32). LF eaters showed significantly higher BMI z-scores (0.4170.30 vs. –0.4170.25; P=0.04) and percent body fat (26.872.7 vs. 18.471.1; P=0.01) than HF eaters. In conclusion, regardless of whether they are LF or HF eaters, children seem to regulate daily energy intake. However, eating larger portions of food less frequently may facilitate over-consuming calories on a more long-term basis. 10.1016/j.appet.2007.03.111
305
hours after the last injection, rats were treated with isoproterenol, given water, and intake was measured every 15 min for 2 h. To evaluate the contribution of AT1R to hypotension-induced corticosterone secretion rats were treated as previously described. However, after administration of isoproterenol rats were not given water, but instead were placed in restrainers and tail blood samples were taken at 0, 15, 30, 60 and 120 min.Administration of AT1R AS into the OVLT had no effect on isoproterenol-induced water intake or corticosterone secretion. In contrast, AT1R AS administered into the SFO attenuated the drinking and corticosterone responses to isoproterenol. These results suggest that AT1R within the SFO mediate drinking and corticosterone responses to hypotension. Support DK4806110 and DK6659603. 10.1016/j.appet.2007.03.112
Expression of c-Fos-LacZ transgene after LiCl administration
B.S. KWON, T.A. HOUPT. Department of Biological Sciences, Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
Angiotensin type 1 receptor antisense in the subfornical organ attenuates the drinking and corticosterone response to isoproterenol E.G. KRAUSE, J.F. DAVIS, L.Y. MA,
R.R. SAKAI. University of Cincinnati, Department of Psychiatry, Program in Neuroscience, Cincinnati, OH 45237, USA Antisense (AS) oligodeoxynulceotides are single-stranded DNA molecules that are used to inhibit the expression of targeted genes. In this study we used AS oligodeoxynulceotides directed against angiotensin type 1 receptors (AT1R) to inhibit expression of these receptors within specific circumventricular organs. Subsequently, we evaluated the contribution of these AT1R to water intake and corticosterone release after hypotension. Rats were stereotaxically implanted with guide cannulae terminating in the subfornical organ (SFO) or the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis (OVLT) and given a week to recover. Cannulae placement was confirmed by measuring water intake after injection of angiotensin II or 1 M NaCl into the SFO or OVLT respectively. One week later, AT1R AS or scrambled oligonucleotides (scram) were injected into the SFO or OVLT for three consecutive days. Three
Conditioned taste aversion (CTA) occurs after pairing of a novel taste with a toxin (e.g. sucrose with LiCl). c-Fos is expressed, e.g. in the amydala, during CTA acquisition, but other transcription factors contribute to CTA learning. To aid in the identification of c-Fos-positive cells for future transcriptional profiling, we characterized b-galactosidase expression in transgenic mice carrying a c-fos-lacZ fusion gene. Mice were injected with LiCl (40 ml/kg, 0.15 M, i.p.) or saline and perfused 1, 3, 6 and 9 h later. Tissue sections were processed for c-Fos immunohistochemistry and X-gal staining in the amygdala. There was a high density of both c-Fos- and X-gal-positive cells in the cortex and hippocampus. LiCl increased c-Fos and X-gal staining in the amygdala: c-Fos levels were low in the lateral nucleus (o20 cells/ section), but increased rapidly in the central nucleus (631797% at 1 h) and slowly in the basolateral amygdala (185729% at 6 h). To confirm c-Fos expression in X-gal-positive cells, we examined microdisseccted X-gal-positive cells of the amygdala, cortex and hippocampus using laser capture microdissection (LCM) and RTPCR. Following LiCl injection, tissue sections (8 mm thick) were processed for X-gal staining using DEPC-treated reagents to preserve RNA. Approximately 30 individual X-gal-positive cells were collected from each brain region by LCM for each RT-PCR reaction. Both b-actin and c-Fos mRNA were found in the X-galpositive cells from each brain region. The expression of other immediate-early genes within X-gal-positive cells will also be examined. Support: NIDCD03198. 10.1016/j.appet.2007.03.113
Associations between eating frequency, energy intake, and body weight among 6-year-old children T.V.E KRAL,
A.J. STUNKARD, R.I. BERKOWITZ, V.A. STALLINGS, M.S. FAITH. University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA Eating frequency has been associated with reduced body weight in children in some, but not all studies. The purpose of this investigation, which is part of a longitudinal study (Stunkard et al., 1999), was to compare 6-year-old low-frequency (LF; n=21) and high-frequency (HF; n=21) eaters on: (a) the amount (g), energy (kcal), and energy density (ED; kcal/g) consumed per eating episode, (b) daily energy intake, and c) body composition. The daily number of eating episodes, defined as any eating/ drinking occasion that was separated by at least 15 min, was generated from 3-day weighed food records. Children’s anthropometric measures and body composition were assessed. Results showed that LF eaters, compared to HF eaters, consumed significantly more weight (244713 vs. 17579 g, Po0.001) and energy (328719 vs. 225710 kcal, Po0.001) per eating occasion, but did not differ in ED (1.7970.09 vs. 1.9070.09 kcal/g; P=0.54) and daily energy intake (1504760 vs. 1593765 kcal, P=0.32). LF eaters showed significantly higher BMI z-scores (0.4170.30 vs. –0.4170.25; P=0.04) and percent body fat (26.872.7 vs. 18.471.1; P=0.01) than HF eaters. In conclusion, regardless of whether they are LF or HF eaters, children seem to regulate daily energy intake. However, eating larger portions of food less frequently may facilitate over-consuming calories on a more long-term basis. 10.1016/j.appet.2007.03.111
305
hours after the last injection, rats were treated with isoproterenol, given water, and intake was measured every 15 min for 2 h. To evaluate the contribution of AT1R to hypotension-induced corticosterone secretion rats were treated as previously described. However, after administration of isoproterenol rats were not given water, but instead were placed in restrainers and tail blood samples were taken at 0, 15, 30, 60 and 120 min.Administration of AT1R AS into the OVLT had no effect on isoproterenol-induced water intake or corticosterone secretion. In contrast, AT1R AS administered into the SFO attenuated the drinking and corticosterone responses to isoproterenol. These results suggest that AT1R within the SFO mediate drinking and corticosterone responses to hypotension. Support DK4806110 and DK6659603. 10.1016/j.appet.2007.03.112
Expression of c-Fos-LacZ transgene after LiCl administration
B.S. KWON, T.A. HOUPT. Department of Biological Sciences, Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
Angiotensin type 1 receptor antisense in the subfornical organ attenuates the drinking and corticosterone response to isoproterenol E.G. KRAUSE, J.F. DAVIS, L.Y. MA,
R.R. SAKAI. University of Cincinnati, Department of Psychiatry, Program in Neuroscience, Cincinnati, OH 45237, USA Antisense (AS) oligodeoxynulceotides are single-stranded DNA molecules that are used to inhibit the expression of targeted genes. In this study we used AS oligodeoxynulceotides directed against angiotensin type 1 receptors (AT1R) to inhibit expression of these receptors within specific circumventricular organs. Subsequently, we evaluated the contribution of these AT1R to water intake and corticosterone release after hypotension. Rats were stereotaxically implanted with guide cannulae terminating in the subfornical organ (SFO) or the organum vasculosum of the lamina terminalis (OVLT) and given a week to recover. Cannulae placement was confirmed by measuring water intake after injection of angiotensin II or 1 M NaCl into the SFO or OVLT respectively. One week later, AT1R AS or scrambled oligonucleotides (scram) were injected into the SFO or OVLT for three consecutive days. Three
Conditioned taste aversion (CTA) occurs after pairing of a novel taste with a toxin (e.g. sucrose with LiCl). c-Fos is expressed, e.g. in the amydala, during CTA acquisition, but other transcription factors contribute to CTA learning. To aid in the identification of c-Fos-positive cells for future transcriptional profiling, we characterized b-galactosidase expression in transgenic mice carrying a c-fos-lacZ fusion gene. Mice were injected with LiCl (40 ml/kg, 0.15 M, i.p.) or saline and perfused 1, 3, 6 and 9 h later. Tissue sections were processed for c-Fos immunohistochemistry and X-gal staining in the amygdala. There was a high density of both c-Fos- and X-gal-positive cells in the cortex and hippocampus. LiCl increased c-Fos and X-gal staining in the amygdala: c-Fos levels were low in the lateral nucleus (o20 cells/ section), but increased rapidly in the central nucleus (631797% at 1 h) and slowly in the basolateral amygdala (185729% at 6 h). To confirm c-Fos expression in X-gal-positive cells, we examined microdisseccted X-gal-positive cells of the amygdala, cortex and hippocampus using laser capture microdissection (LCM) and RTPCR. Following LiCl injection, tissue sections (8 mm thick) were processed for X-gal staining using DEPC-treated reagents to preserve RNA. Approximately 30 individual X-gal-positive cells were collected from each brain region by LCM for each RT-PCR reaction. Both b-actin and c-Fos mRNA were found in the X-galpositive cells from each brain region. The expression of other immediate-early genes within X-gal-positive cells will also be examined. Support: NIDCD03198. 10.1016/j.appet.2007.03.113