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Annual Report of the Board of Managers of the Franklin Institute
Feb., 1898.]
Reports.
I 55
A N N U A L R E P O R T oF THE BOARD oF M A N A G E R S o v THE FRANKLIN INSTITUTE (For t h e year 1897. ) T h e Board of Managers of the F r a n k l i n Institute of t h e State of Pennsylvania for t h e P r o m o t i o n of t h e M e c h a n i c A r t s respectfully presents the following report of t h e operations of t h e I n s t i t u t e for t h e year 1897 : MEMB]~RS.
Members at t h e close of 1896 . . . . . . . . . . . . . N u m b e r of new m e m b e r s elected who have paid t h e i r dues in I897 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lost by death, resignation a n d n o n - p a y m e n t of dues, Total m e m b e r s h i p at the end of 1897 . . . . . . . .
1,857 ioo 1,957 129 1,838
LIBRARY.
The additions to t h e Library d u r i n g t h e past year n u m b e r e d nearly 3,000 new titles, a g r a t i f y i n g e x h i b i t in view of t h e d i m i n i s h e d income of t h e Committee. This good showing was m a d e possible t h r o u g h the accession, by bequest, of t h e valuable private library of t h e late M. Carey Lea. T h e storing of t h e library in t h e new fire-proof stack-room, now almost ready for t h e i r reception, w i l l i n s u r e t h e safety of these invaluable literary treasures, a n d will be a cause for satisfaction to t h e m e m b e r s of t h e Institute. I t m a y not be amiss to note t h e fact that, exclusive of a considerable n u m b e r (about 5,coo) of maps, charts, etc., the library of t h e I n s t i t u t e at present contains t h e imposing n u m b e r of 8o, ooo books a n d pamphlets. As a large proportion of this collection is composed of serial publications used for study a n d reference, and as m a n y of the books are l o n g out of p r i n t a n d difficult of r e p l a c e m e n t if lost or destroyed, the course a d o p t e d by t h e managers, in m a k i n g provision for t h e better security of t h e library, it is believed, will be cordially approved by the m e m b e r s . JOURNAL.
T h e financial s t a t e m e n t of t h e Journal for t h e year 1897 (see appendix) exhibits a slight i m p r o v e m e n t in t h e receipts, over those for the previous year, a l t h o u g h this increase is not as large as was anticipated when the year began. T h e C o m m i t t e e on Publications reports t h a t the prospect for the present year is encouraging, and affords reasonable basis for t h e hope t h a t the n e x t a c c o u n t i n g will e x h i b i t a surplus. The service r e n d e r e d to the library by t h e e x c h a n g e s of the Journal, though it does not a p p e a r in its cash account, is invaluable, and represents annually t h e addition of about $~5oo worth of t h e most valuable class of current scientific a n d technical literature. The Board desires to express its h i g h appreciation of t h e services rendered to the I n s t i t u t e by the editorial branch, a n d of t h e care a n d economy with which the business affairs of t h e Journal have been conducted by t h e Committee on Publications.
I56
Reports.
[J. F. I.,
C O M M I T T E E O N SCIENCE A N D T H E ARTS. This Committee has exhibited its customary activity during the past year. T h e cases received for investigation, or referred to the Committee by the Institute, n u m b e ed 46. T h e n u m b e r of cases reported upon, or otherwise disposed of, was 52. There have been awarded or recommended, through this Committee's agency, of Elliott-Cresson Medals, 4 ; of John Scott P r e m i u m s and Medals, II ; of E d w a r d Longstreth Medals, 5, and of Certificates of Merit, I. In 2o cases no awards were made. O T H E R COMMITTEES. During the past year, the a t t e m p t was made to revivify several of the s t a n d i n g committees, whose work for many years had been allowed to fall into abeyance. The Commillee on the Cabinet o f A r t s and Manufactures has held several meetings during the year. It reports t h a t while a Cabinet of Arts and Manufactures does not at p r e s e n t exist, and while t h e r e are grave doubts as to the advisability o f u n d e r t a k i n g to establish one, it is possible t h a t in t h e clearing and rearranging of the building, incident to the removal of the books to t h e new stack, or at an exhibition that may be held in the near future, there may be found material which it will be the province of this committee to arrange and care for.
7"he Committee on the Cabinet o f Minerals and Geological Specimens likewise has h e l d several m e e t i n g s at which, the question of its p r e s e n t and future operations was considered. It was ascertained that t h e small collection at one time in possession of the Institute had been d e p o s i t e d - - s o m e fifteen years a g o - - w i t h the Academy o f Natural Sciences, for the reason t h a t the room in which it had been displayed was needed for the Drawing School. The Committee considered t h a t the general purposes for which it had originally been instituted could be m u c h better subserved by a Section of Mining and Metallurgy to be devoted to the p r o m o t i o n o f these and k i n d r e d branches of applied science, for the formation and m a i n t e n a n c e o f which t h e p r e s e n t by-laws of the Institute m a k e liberal provisions. The outcome of the Committee's discussion o f these matters was the formation o f a Section on the lines above indicated, which was authorized by the Board at its stated m e e t i n g of April 14, 1897. This Section has at p r e s e n t a m e m b e r s h i p of 73, and has fully justified the h o p e s o f its founders as to its utility. The Committee concludes its annual report with the s t a t e m e n t t h a t this Section meets the present needs and opportunities in its special field so fully that there no longer exists any substantial reason for the Committee's continuance, and r e c o m m e n d s accordingly t h a t it be discontinued. The Committee on Meteorology m e t several times during the year for the reading and discussion of professional papers, and also for t h e consideration of the question of its future work. With reference to this, the following s t a t e m e n t s are contained in the C o m m i t t e e ' s annual report. " R e s p e c t i n g the future of the Committee, t h e r e is room for differences of opinion, but since t h e diversion of t h e work o f the State W e a t h e r Service from the control of the Institute, several years ago, there appears to be nothing in sight with which the Committee could actively employ its members,
Feb., I898.]
l~epar/s.
157
with direct advantage to the Institute, that could not be much better and much m o r e effectively u n d e r t a k e n t h r o u g h the i n s t r u m e n t a l i t y of a Section devoted to Meteorology and Climatology. " T h e liberal provisions of the By-laws of the Institute afford an easy method by which all m e m b e r s who are interested in this branch o f science may become associated, for the purpose o f p u r s u i n g it with greater possible benefit to themselves and to the Institute, than through t h e instrumentality of a c o m m i t t e e restricted in m e m b e r s h i p to ten persons. " T h e Committee on Meteorology, therefore, would respectfully suggest that it he discontinued, and that an effort be made to create in its stead a Section o f Meteorology and Climatology." The Cont~niltee on ~[eelings has held regular sessions during the year, the results of which have appeared in the programs o f the stated meetings of the Institute, printed in the B u l l e l i u issued m o n t h l y under the Committee's direction, and sent to all m e m b e r s in good standing. At the ten stated meetings of the Institute, seventeen papers and other communications were presented, some of which were of considerable importance. This is especially true of the " S m o k e P r e v e n t i o n " question, referred to the Institute by the Bureau of Health, of Philadelphia, which called forth an extended discussion, and which included the presentation of descriptions of all the i m p o r t a n t forms o f improved furnaces amt automatic stokers in use throughout the country. The conclusions reached by the Institute, as the result of the careful consideration which the subject received, will shortly be officially laid before the Bureau of Health, and, it is believed, will prove of • substantial service in the framing of legislation on the subject, which is now admitted to be necessary. The Committee on lhe Cabinet o f Models has held several meetings, at which it was decided to make a complete examination of all the models in possession of the Institute with the view of m a k i n g a judicious selection of the same, reserving for classification, cataloguing and preservation those which appear to have sufficient value, and discarding such as seem to be valueless. The Committee had made considerable progress with this work, when its m e m b e r s were compelled to suspend the work on account of the building alterations decided on by the Board. The Committee intends to resume and complete its work as soon as o p p o r t u n i t y is afforded. LECTURES.
The Com~nidee o~z Z z s t r u d i o n , with the co-operation of t h e professors, succeeded during the past year in arranging a more miscellaneous and generally useful series of lectures t h a n heretofore. In view of the difficulty heretofore experienced in attracting large audiences to the lecture-room o f the Institute to listen to lectures of a technical character, it was decided to assign all such to one or a n o t h e r of the Sections, in the form of c o m m u n i c a t i o n s for reading and discussion. This course has proved satisfactory, not only by increasing the activity and importance of the Sections, but also by affording the contributors of technical papers a select and more appreciative audience of experts. In furtherance of this general scheme, a r r a n g e m e n t s were made with the officers of Central Branch of t h e Young M e n ' s Christian Association, for
I58
Reports.
[J. F. I.,
giving six of the m o s t attractively illustrated lectures, in t h e m o r e commodious and centrally-located hall o f t h e Association, at F i f t e e n t h and Chestnut Streets, without charge for r e n t a l , a n d with the sole condition t h a t t h e y were to be a n n o u n c e d as given u n d e r t h e j o i n t p a t r o n a g e of t h e two societies. Thus far t h e e x p e r i m e n t has proved h i g h l y satisfactory. The a t t e n d a n c e has been large, and the m e m b e r s of the Institute have very generally availed themselves of the o p p o r t u n i t y of profiting by the arrangement. The Board calls attention to the fact that, as in previous years, its Committee on Instruction has been able to obtain the services of its lecturers (many of w h o m are men of distinguished reputation) without remuneration, the sincerest evidence t h a t could be presented of t h e respect in which the Institute is held. The Board r e c o m m e n d s t h a t the Institute should testify its appreciation of t h e gratuitous services of its lecturers by the passage of a vote of thanks. DNAV¢ING
SCHOOL.
The attendance of pupils in t h e Drawing School, and in i t s B r a n c h School at Germantown Junction, shows a slight increase over t h e previous year, encouraging t h e h o p e that the steady diminution in t h e n u m b e r of pupils that we have had to note for the past t h r e e or four years, has at l e n g t h been arrested. The efficiency of the Schools has been fully maintained. The expediency of establishing, in connection therewith, classes for instruction in m a t h e m a t i c s is u n d e r consideration. SECTIONS,
The Chemical and Electrical Sections exhibited during the past year a c o m m e n d a b l e degree of activity, and the character of the professional papers read and discussed at the meetings (many of which have enriched the pages of the Journal) amply d e m o n s t r a t e d the utility of affording the m e m b e r s the fullest o p p o r t u n i t y to form such associations within the Institute for mutual i m p r o v e m e n t and as a stimulus for the a d v a n c e m e n t of the Arts and Sciences. The Institute has been s t r e n g t h e n e d during the past year by the formation ot a new Section devoted to Mining, Metallurgy and k i n d r e d b r a n c h e s of a p p l i e d science. This Section has already a large membership, and, from the interest taken in its meetings, gives promise of an active and useful career. The p r o g r a m s of the Electrical and Mining and Metallurgical Sections, as will appear from an inspection of t h e list of papers p r i n t e d in the announcem e n t book, have been so well filled as to have made it necessary, in a number of instances, to increase the n u m b e r of m e e t i n g s to two in each month. G E N ] ~ R A L RI~MARKS.
Summarizing the results of the work of the past year, it may fairly be s t a t e d t h a t every branch of t h e Institute has made the best possible use of its opportunities for active work. The serious limitations which lack of funds and lack of space have imposed upon the Committees and the Sections are too well k n o w n to need repetition. The present improving condition of general business encourages the hope t h a t the E n d o w m e n t Committee, lately established by your Board, may be successful in its efforts to secure a substantial sum by subscription to provide a m a i n t e n a n c e fund, out of the income of which t h e current work o f the Institute may be conducted on a scale of proper efficiency.
Feb., I898.]
Reports.
159
T h e a l t e r a t i o n s in t h e building, n o w a p p r o a c h i n g c o m p l e t i o n , were determ i n e d u p o n by y o u r Board after t h e m o s t careful c o n s i d e r a t i o n . W h e n c o m pleted, it is believed t h a t the g r e a t e r s a f e t y to t h e l i b r a r y w h i c h will be s e c u r e d t h e r e b y , a n d t h e large a m o u n t o f r o o m for r e a d i n g tables, t h e d i s p l a y of i n t e r e s t i n g m o d e l s a n d o t h e r uses, t h a t will be g a i n e d b y t h e c h a n g e will be f o u n d m o s t satisfactory, a n d t h a t t h e a d v a n t a g e s t h e m e m b e r s will derive t h e r e f r o m will a m p l y j u s t i f y t h e B o a r d ' s aetion. T h e I n s t i t u t e ' s financial s t a t e m e n t for t h e y e a r 1897 is h e r e t o a p p e n d e d . By o r d e r o f t h e Board, JOHN BIRKINBINE,
President.
H A L L OF T H E INSTITUTE, PHILADELPHIA, J a n u a r y 12, I898.
APPENDIX. F I N A N C I A L STATEM]~NT F O R T H E Yt~AR 1897.
Balance on h a n d , J a n u a r y ~, 1897 . . . . . . . . . . . . . Receipts : ~Committee on Publications . . . . . . . . . . . ~2,8o2 78 Committee on Library . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 3 ° C o m m i t t e e on I n s t r u c t i o n . . . . . . . . . . . . 807 oo C o m m i t t e e o n Science a n d t h e A r t s . . . . . . . t5t 20 C o m m i t t e e on M e e t i n g s . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 5° Curators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I ~ 50 C o m m i t t e e on S t o c k s a n d F i n a n c e . . . . . . . . 633 33 I n c o m e Bloomfield H. M o o r e M e m o r i a l F u n d . . 785 9° Income Memorial Library Fund . . . . . . . . . 55 45 Frederick Graft Fund . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 co I n t e r e s t on I n v e s t m e n t s o f f u n d s in t h e h a n d s o f t h e Board o f M a n a g e r s . . . . . . . . . • • 940 o3 I n c o m e f r o m E n d o w m e n t s in t h e h a n d s of t h e Board of T r u s t e e s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,023 25 Receipts from Members, annual . . . . . . . . . 5,780 25 R e c e i p t s f r o m Life M e m b e r s h i p s . . . . . . . . . 392 oo Entrance Fees Non-Resident Members . . . . . . 145 oo I n t e r e s t on b a n k d e p o s i t s . . . . . . . . . . . . I4 87 Receipts f r o m sales o f I n d e x to J o u r n a l . . . . . 35 oo R e c e i p t s f r o m sales o f E x h i b i t i o n R e p o r t s . . . . 12 65 R e c e i p t s f r o m sales Of M e m b e r s h i p Certificates . . 5 o0 Electrical S e c t i o n (a d o n a t i o n to) . . . . . . . . 31 o0 Temporary Loan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,coo oo Scott L e g a c y P r e m i u m s . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200 o3 Proceeds o f Sales of Central R a i l r o a d o f N e w J e r s e y Bonds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,2o0 70 I n t e r e s t on B. H. Bartol F u n d . . . . . . . . . . 5o oo
$196 99
$19,122 68 Payraenls : Committee on Publications . . . . . . . . . . . C o m m i t t e e on L i b r a r y . . . . . . . . . . . . .
$I9,319 67 $4,657 32 ~,o7 r 08
* Credits o t h e r t h a n cash to the account of C o m m i t t e e on PubIications r e p r e s e n t i n g the value of exchanges, books r e v i e w e d and books p u r c h a s e d in exchange for a d v e r t i s i n g space, a g g r e g a t e d $i,5o4 70.
160
Reports.
Bloomfield Moore Fund Expenditures . . . . . . Memorial Library Fund Expenditures . . . . . . Committee on Instruction . . . . . . . . . . . . C o m m i t t e e on M e e t i n g s . . . . . . . . . . . . . C o m m i t t e e on Science a n d t h e Arts . . . . . . . Curators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Incidental Expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Salaries and Wages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chemical Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E l e c t r i c a l SectiOn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mining and Metallurgical Section . . . . . . . . C o m m i t t e e on E x h i b i t i o n s . . . . . . . . . . . I n t e r e s t on T e m p o r a r y L o a n s . . . . . . . . . . Insurances . . . . . . . . - . . . . . . . . . . . Committee on Building Alterations . . . . . . . A c t u a ~ y ' s P e t t y C a s h F u n d (to be a c c o u n t e d for) . C o n t r i b u t i o n s for L i f e M e m b e r s h i p ( p a i d to B o a r d of Trustees) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Certificates of Membership . . . . . . . . . . . Scott Legacy Premium . . . • . . • . . . . . .
[J. F. I., 519 44 45 42 I , o 4 I 86 ?34 7I I95 o4 **~62IoI 669 56 4,626 50 117 62 I I I oo 56 2 8 50 oo 395 I7 531 89
2,395 8I 2o0 oo 400 oo 2 oo 200 00 $I9,239 7I
Balance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
$79 96
ENDOWMENT FUNDS. T h e P e r m a n e n t E n d o w m e n t F u n d s o f t h e I n s t i t u t e , a t t h e e n d o f I897 , consist of the following : (In the hands of the Institute.) B l o o m f i e l d H. M o o r e M e m o r i a l F u n d . . . . . . $I5,ooo oo 3{emorial Library Fund . . . . . . . . . . . . . I,ooo oo B. H . B a r t o l F u n d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i , o o o oo Amount received from Life Memberships between J a n u a r y I, I89~, a n d O c t o b e r I, i894 . . . . . . 1,755 oo $I8,755 co (In the hands of Elliott-Cresson Trustees. ) The Elliott-Cresson Medal Fund . . . . . . . . 4,667 68 ( I n t h e h a n d s of t h e B o a r d o f T r u s t e e s o f t h e F r a n k l i n I n s t i t u t e . ) T h e l e g a c y of G e o r g e S. P e p p e r . . . . . . . . . $35,687 5 ° The legacy of Eugene Nugent . . . . . . . . . . i , o o o oo L e g a c y of Mrs. t ~ m e l i n e B. N i c h o l s o n . . . . . . 1,52o oo The Edward Longstreth Medal Fund . . . . . . I,o00 oo T h e d o n a t i o n o f an u n k n o w n f r i e n d . . . . . . . 5 oo T h e d o n a t i o n of S i g m n n d l~iefler . . . . . . . . 2o oo L i f e m e m b e r s h i p f u n d s i n c e O c t o b e r I, I894 . . . I,o5o oo fourna! E n d o w m e n t F u n d . . . . . . . . . . I38 oo By w i l l o f J o h n T u r n e r , d e c e a s e d , o n e - f o u r t h o f n e t income on 2 per cent. of his residuary estate, y i e l d i n g a b o u t $1oo o r m o r e p e r y e a r , e q u i v a l e n t to a capital sum of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,0o0 o o 41,52o 50 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [ A n i n c r e a s e i n i897 of $x92o. ]
$64,943 I8
Reports.
I 55
A N N U A L R E P O R T oF THE BOARD oF M A N A G E R S o v THE FRANKLIN INSTITUTE (For t h e year 1897. ) T h e Board of Managers of the F r a n k l i n Institute of t h e State of Pennsylvania for t h e P r o m o t i o n of t h e M e c h a n i c A r t s respectfully presents the following report of t h e operations of t h e I n s t i t u t e for t h e year 1897 : MEMB]~RS.
Members at t h e close of 1896 . . . . . . . . . . . . . N u m b e r of new m e m b e r s elected who have paid t h e i r dues in I897 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lost by death, resignation a n d n o n - p a y m e n t of dues, Total m e m b e r s h i p at the end of 1897 . . . . . . . .
1,857 ioo 1,957 129 1,838
LIBRARY.
The additions to t h e Library d u r i n g t h e past year n u m b e r e d nearly 3,000 new titles, a g r a t i f y i n g e x h i b i t in view of t h e d i m i n i s h e d income of t h e Committee. This good showing was m a d e possible t h r o u g h the accession, by bequest, of t h e valuable private library of t h e late M. Carey Lea. T h e storing of t h e library in t h e new fire-proof stack-room, now almost ready for t h e i r reception, w i l l i n s u r e t h e safety of these invaluable literary treasures, a n d will be a cause for satisfaction to t h e m e m b e r s of t h e Institute. I t m a y not be amiss to note t h e fact that, exclusive of a considerable n u m b e r (about 5,coo) of maps, charts, etc., the library of t h e I n s t i t u t e at present contains t h e imposing n u m b e r of 8o, ooo books a n d pamphlets. As a large proportion of this collection is composed of serial publications used for study a n d reference, and as m a n y of the books are l o n g out of p r i n t a n d difficult of r e p l a c e m e n t if lost or destroyed, the course a d o p t e d by t h e managers, in m a k i n g provision for t h e better security of t h e library, it is believed, will be cordially approved by the m e m b e r s . JOURNAL.
T h e financial s t a t e m e n t of t h e Journal for t h e year 1897 (see appendix) exhibits a slight i m p r o v e m e n t in t h e receipts, over those for the previous year, a l t h o u g h this increase is not as large as was anticipated when the year began. T h e C o m m i t t e e on Publications reports t h a t the prospect for the present year is encouraging, and affords reasonable basis for t h e hope t h a t the n e x t a c c o u n t i n g will e x h i b i t a surplus. The service r e n d e r e d to the library by t h e e x c h a n g e s of the Journal, though it does not a p p e a r in its cash account, is invaluable, and represents annually t h e addition of about $~5oo worth of t h e most valuable class of current scientific a n d technical literature. The Board desires to express its h i g h appreciation of t h e services rendered to the I n s t i t u t e by the editorial branch, a n d of t h e care a n d economy with which the business affairs of t h e Journal have been conducted by t h e Committee on Publications.
I56
Reports.
[J. F. I.,
C O M M I T T E E O N SCIENCE A N D T H E ARTS. This Committee has exhibited its customary activity during the past year. T h e cases received for investigation, or referred to the Committee by the Institute, n u m b e ed 46. T h e n u m b e r of cases reported upon, or otherwise disposed of, was 52. There have been awarded or recommended, through this Committee's agency, of Elliott-Cresson Medals, 4 ; of John Scott P r e m i u m s and Medals, II ; of E d w a r d Longstreth Medals, 5, and of Certificates of Merit, I. In 2o cases no awards were made. O T H E R COMMITTEES. During the past year, the a t t e m p t was made to revivify several of the s t a n d i n g committees, whose work for many years had been allowed to fall into abeyance. The Commillee on the Cabinet o f A r t s and Manufactures has held several meetings during the year. It reports t h a t while a Cabinet of Arts and Manufactures does not at p r e s e n t exist, and while t h e r e are grave doubts as to the advisability o f u n d e r t a k i n g to establish one, it is possible t h a t in t h e clearing and rearranging of the building, incident to the removal of the books to t h e new stack, or at an exhibition that may be held in the near future, there may be found material which it will be the province of this committee to arrange and care for.
7"he Committee on the Cabinet o f Minerals and Geological Specimens likewise has h e l d several m e e t i n g s at which, the question of its p r e s e n t and future operations was considered. It was ascertained that t h e small collection at one time in possession of the Institute had been d e p o s i t e d - - s o m e fifteen years a g o - - w i t h the Academy o f Natural Sciences, for the reason t h a t the room in which it had been displayed was needed for the Drawing School. The Committee considered t h a t the general purposes for which it had originally been instituted could be m u c h better subserved by a Section of Mining and Metallurgy to be devoted to the p r o m o t i o n o f these and k i n d r e d branches of applied science, for the formation and m a i n t e n a n c e o f which t h e p r e s e n t by-laws of the Institute m a k e liberal provisions. The outcome of the Committee's discussion o f these matters was the formation o f a Section on the lines above indicated, which was authorized by the Board at its stated m e e t i n g of April 14, 1897. This Section has at p r e s e n t a m e m b e r s h i p of 73, and has fully justified the h o p e s o f its founders as to its utility. The Committee concludes its annual report with the s t a t e m e n t t h a t this Section meets the present needs and opportunities in its special field so fully that there no longer exists any substantial reason for the Committee's continuance, and r e c o m m e n d s accordingly t h a t it be discontinued. The Committee on Meteorology m e t several times during the year for the reading and discussion of professional papers, and also for t h e consideration of the question of its future work. With reference to this, the following s t a t e m e n t s are contained in the C o m m i t t e e ' s annual report. " R e s p e c t i n g the future of the Committee, t h e r e is room for differences of opinion, but since t h e diversion of t h e work o f the State W e a t h e r Service from the control of the Institute, several years ago, there appears to be nothing in sight with which the Committee could actively employ its members,
Feb., I898.]
l~epar/s.
157
with direct advantage to the Institute, that could not be much better and much m o r e effectively u n d e r t a k e n t h r o u g h the i n s t r u m e n t a l i t y of a Section devoted to Meteorology and Climatology. " T h e liberal provisions of the By-laws of the Institute afford an easy method by which all m e m b e r s who are interested in this branch o f science may become associated, for the purpose o f p u r s u i n g it with greater possible benefit to themselves and to the Institute, than through t h e instrumentality of a c o m m i t t e e restricted in m e m b e r s h i p to ten persons. " T h e Committee on Meteorology, therefore, would respectfully suggest that it he discontinued, and that an effort be made to create in its stead a Section o f Meteorology and Climatology." The Cont~niltee on ~[eelings has held regular sessions during the year, the results of which have appeared in the programs o f the stated meetings of the Institute, printed in the B u l l e l i u issued m o n t h l y under the Committee's direction, and sent to all m e m b e r s in good standing. At the ten stated meetings of the Institute, seventeen papers and other communications were presented, some of which were of considerable importance. This is especially true of the " S m o k e P r e v e n t i o n " question, referred to the Institute by the Bureau of Health, of Philadelphia, which called forth an extended discussion, and which included the presentation of descriptions of all the i m p o r t a n t forms o f improved furnaces amt automatic stokers in use throughout the country. The conclusions reached by the Institute, as the result of the careful consideration which the subject received, will shortly be officially laid before the Bureau of Health, and, it is believed, will prove of • substantial service in the framing of legislation on the subject, which is now admitted to be necessary. The Committee on lhe Cabinet o f Models has held several meetings, at which it was decided to make a complete examination of all the models in possession of the Institute with the view of m a k i n g a judicious selection of the same, reserving for classification, cataloguing and preservation those which appear to have sufficient value, and discarding such as seem to be valueless. The Committee had made considerable progress with this work, when its m e m b e r s were compelled to suspend the work on account of the building alterations decided on by the Board. The Committee intends to resume and complete its work as soon as o p p o r t u n i t y is afforded. LECTURES.
The Com~nidee o~z Z z s t r u d i o n , with the co-operation of t h e professors, succeeded during the past year in arranging a more miscellaneous and generally useful series of lectures t h a n heretofore. In view of the difficulty heretofore experienced in attracting large audiences to the lecture-room o f the Institute to listen to lectures of a technical character, it was decided to assign all such to one or a n o t h e r of the Sections, in the form of c o m m u n i c a t i o n s for reading and discussion. This course has proved satisfactory, not only by increasing the activity and importance of the Sections, but also by affording the contributors of technical papers a select and more appreciative audience of experts. In furtherance of this general scheme, a r r a n g e m e n t s were made with the officers of Central Branch of t h e Young M e n ' s Christian Association, for
I58
Reports.
[J. F. I.,
giving six of the m o s t attractively illustrated lectures, in t h e m o r e commodious and centrally-located hall o f t h e Association, at F i f t e e n t h and Chestnut Streets, without charge for r e n t a l , a n d with the sole condition t h a t t h e y were to be a n n o u n c e d as given u n d e r t h e j o i n t p a t r o n a g e of t h e two societies. Thus far t h e e x p e r i m e n t has proved h i g h l y satisfactory. The a t t e n d a n c e has been large, and the m e m b e r s of the Institute have very generally availed themselves of the o p p o r t u n i t y of profiting by the arrangement. The Board calls attention to the fact that, as in previous years, its Committee on Instruction has been able to obtain the services of its lecturers (many of w h o m are men of distinguished reputation) without remuneration, the sincerest evidence t h a t could be presented of t h e respect in which the Institute is held. The Board r e c o m m e n d s t h a t the Institute should testify its appreciation of t h e gratuitous services of its lecturers by the passage of a vote of thanks. DNAV¢ING
SCHOOL.
The attendance of pupils in t h e Drawing School, and in i t s B r a n c h School at Germantown Junction, shows a slight increase over t h e previous year, encouraging t h e h o p e that the steady diminution in t h e n u m b e r of pupils that we have had to note for the past t h r e e or four years, has at l e n g t h been arrested. The efficiency of the Schools has been fully maintained. The expediency of establishing, in connection therewith, classes for instruction in m a t h e m a t i c s is u n d e r consideration. SECTIONS,
The Chemical and Electrical Sections exhibited during the past year a c o m m e n d a b l e degree of activity, and the character of the professional papers read and discussed at the meetings (many of which have enriched the pages of the Journal) amply d e m o n s t r a t e d the utility of affording the m e m b e r s the fullest o p p o r t u n i t y to form such associations within the Institute for mutual i m p r o v e m e n t and as a stimulus for the a d v a n c e m e n t of the Arts and Sciences. The Institute has been s t r e n g t h e n e d during the past year by the formation ot a new Section devoted to Mining, Metallurgy and k i n d r e d b r a n c h e s of a p p l i e d science. This Section has already a large membership, and, from the interest taken in its meetings, gives promise of an active and useful career. The p r o g r a m s of the Electrical and Mining and Metallurgical Sections, as will appear from an inspection of t h e list of papers p r i n t e d in the announcem e n t book, have been so well filled as to have made it necessary, in a number of instances, to increase the n u m b e r of m e e t i n g s to two in each month. G E N ] ~ R A L RI~MARKS.
Summarizing the results of the work of the past year, it may fairly be s t a t e d t h a t every branch of t h e Institute has made the best possible use of its opportunities for active work. The serious limitations which lack of funds and lack of space have imposed upon the Committees and the Sections are too well k n o w n to need repetition. The present improving condition of general business encourages the hope t h a t the E n d o w m e n t Committee, lately established by your Board, may be successful in its efforts to secure a substantial sum by subscription to provide a m a i n t e n a n c e fund, out of the income of which t h e current work o f the Institute may be conducted on a scale of proper efficiency.
Feb., I898.]
Reports.
159
T h e a l t e r a t i o n s in t h e building, n o w a p p r o a c h i n g c o m p l e t i o n , were determ i n e d u p o n by y o u r Board after t h e m o s t careful c o n s i d e r a t i o n . W h e n c o m pleted, it is believed t h a t the g r e a t e r s a f e t y to t h e l i b r a r y w h i c h will be s e c u r e d t h e r e b y , a n d t h e large a m o u n t o f r o o m for r e a d i n g tables, t h e d i s p l a y of i n t e r e s t i n g m o d e l s a n d o t h e r uses, t h a t will be g a i n e d b y t h e c h a n g e will be f o u n d m o s t satisfactory, a n d t h a t t h e a d v a n t a g e s t h e m e m b e r s will derive t h e r e f r o m will a m p l y j u s t i f y t h e B o a r d ' s aetion. T h e I n s t i t u t e ' s financial s t a t e m e n t for t h e y e a r 1897 is h e r e t o a p p e n d e d . By o r d e r o f t h e Board, JOHN BIRKINBINE,
President.
H A L L OF T H E INSTITUTE, PHILADELPHIA, J a n u a r y 12, I898.
APPENDIX. F I N A N C I A L STATEM]~NT F O R T H E Yt~AR 1897.
Balance on h a n d , J a n u a r y ~, 1897 . . . . . . . . . . . . . Receipts : ~Committee on Publications . . . . . . . . . . . ~2,8o2 78 Committee on Library . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26 3 ° C o m m i t t e e on I n s t r u c t i o n . . . . . . . . . . . . 807 oo C o m m i t t e e o n Science a n d t h e A r t s . . . . . . . t5t 20 C o m m i t t e e on M e e t i n g s . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 5° Curators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I ~ 50 C o m m i t t e e on S t o c k s a n d F i n a n c e . . . . . . . . 633 33 I n c o m e Bloomfield H. M o o r e M e m o r i a l F u n d . . 785 9° Income Memorial Library Fund . . . . . . . . . 55 45 Frederick Graft Fund . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 co I n t e r e s t on I n v e s t m e n t s o f f u n d s in t h e h a n d s o f t h e Board o f M a n a g e r s . . . . . . . . . • • 940 o3 I n c o m e f r o m E n d o w m e n t s in t h e h a n d s of t h e Board of T r u s t e e s . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,023 25 Receipts from Members, annual . . . . . . . . . 5,780 25 R e c e i p t s f r o m Life M e m b e r s h i p s . . . . . . . . . 392 oo Entrance Fees Non-Resident Members . . . . . . 145 oo I n t e r e s t on b a n k d e p o s i t s . . . . . . . . . . . . I4 87 Receipts f r o m sales o f I n d e x to J o u r n a l . . . . . 35 oo R e c e i p t s f r o m sales o f E x h i b i t i o n R e p o r t s . . . . 12 65 R e c e i p t s f r o m sales Of M e m b e r s h i p Certificates . . 5 o0 Electrical S e c t i o n (a d o n a t i o n to) . . . . . . . . 31 o0 Temporary Loan . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,coo oo Scott L e g a c y P r e m i u m s . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200 o3 Proceeds o f Sales of Central R a i l r o a d o f N e w J e r s e y Bonds . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,2o0 70 I n t e r e s t on B. H. Bartol F u n d . . . . . . . . . . 5o oo
$196 99
$19,122 68 Payraenls : Committee on Publications . . . . . . . . . . . C o m m i t t e e on L i b r a r y . . . . . . . . . . . . .
$I9,319 67 $4,657 32 ~,o7 r 08
* Credits o t h e r t h a n cash to the account of C o m m i t t e e on PubIications r e p r e s e n t i n g the value of exchanges, books r e v i e w e d and books p u r c h a s e d in exchange for a d v e r t i s i n g space, a g g r e g a t e d $i,5o4 70.
160
Reports.
Bloomfield Moore Fund Expenditures . . . . . . Memorial Library Fund Expenditures . . . . . . Committee on Instruction . . . . . . . . . . . . C o m m i t t e e on M e e t i n g s . . . . . . . . . . . . . C o m m i t t e e on Science a n d t h e Arts . . . . . . . Curators . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Incidental Expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Salaries and Wages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chemical Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . E l e c t r i c a l SectiOn . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mining and Metallurgical Section . . . . . . . . C o m m i t t e e on E x h i b i t i o n s . . . . . . . . . . . I n t e r e s t on T e m p o r a r y L o a n s . . . . . . . . . . Insurances . . . . . . . . - . . . . . . . . . . . Committee on Building Alterations . . . . . . . A c t u a ~ y ' s P e t t y C a s h F u n d (to be a c c o u n t e d for) . C o n t r i b u t i o n s for L i f e M e m b e r s h i p ( p a i d to B o a r d of Trustees) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Certificates of Membership . . . . . . . . . . . Scott Legacy Premium . . . • . . • . . . . . .
[J. F. I., 519 44 45 42 I , o 4 I 86 ?34 7I I95 o4 **~62IoI 669 56 4,626 50 117 62 I I I oo 56 2 8 50 oo 395 I7 531 89
2,395 8I 2o0 oo 400 oo 2 oo 200 00 $I9,239 7I
Balance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
$79 96
ENDOWMENT FUNDS. T h e P e r m a n e n t E n d o w m e n t F u n d s o f t h e I n s t i t u t e , a t t h e e n d o f I897 , consist of the following : (In the hands of the Institute.) B l o o m f i e l d H. M o o r e M e m o r i a l F u n d . . . . . . $I5,ooo oo 3{emorial Library Fund . . . . . . . . . . . . . I,ooo oo B. H . B a r t o l F u n d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . i , o o o oo Amount received from Life Memberships between J a n u a r y I, I89~, a n d O c t o b e r I, i894 . . . . . . 1,755 oo $I8,755 co (In the hands of Elliott-Cresson Trustees. ) The Elliott-Cresson Medal Fund . . . . . . . . 4,667 68 ( I n t h e h a n d s of t h e B o a r d o f T r u s t e e s o f t h e F r a n k l i n I n s t i t u t e . ) T h e l e g a c y of G e o r g e S. P e p p e r . . . . . . . . . $35,687 5 ° The legacy of Eugene Nugent . . . . . . . . . . i , o o o oo L e g a c y of Mrs. t ~ m e l i n e B. N i c h o l s o n . . . . . . 1,52o oo The Edward Longstreth Medal Fund . . . . . . I,o00 oo T h e d o n a t i o n o f an u n k n o w n f r i e n d . . . . . . . 5 oo T h e d o n a t i o n of S i g m n n d l~iefler . . . . . . . . 2o oo L i f e m e m b e r s h i p f u n d s i n c e O c t o b e r I, I894 . . . I,o5o oo fourna! E n d o w m e n t F u n d . . . . . . . . . . I38 oo By w i l l o f J o h n T u r n e r , d e c e a s e d , o n e - f o u r t h o f n e t income on 2 per cent. of his residuary estate, y i e l d i n g a b o u t $1oo o r m o r e p e r y e a r , e q u i v a l e n t to a capital sum of . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,0o0 o o 41,52o 50 Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [ A n i n c r e a s e i n i897 of $x92o. ]
$64,943 I8