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Annual review of energy and the environment
14
Heat pumps
Parameterlzatlon study of the overall thermal95102964 transfer value 8 uatlon for bulldlngs Chow, W. K. and % han, K. T. Applied Energy, 1995, 50, (3), 247-268. Modem buildings in Hong Kong are characterized by high window-to-wall ratios. This leads to large energy consumption due to the solar radiative heat gain. The problem is now of great concern to the industry not just because of the energy usage, but also due to the environmental problem that arises from overusage of energy. The government is considering implementing some regulations for controlling the cooling load in centrally air-conditioned buildings. The concept of overall thermal-transfer value (OTTV) is proposed to be used as a guideline for designing the building envelopes. However, those equations for calculating the O’ITV recommended by the draft design guide are rather unclear. Many parameters that influence the OTTV equation have not been studied thoroughly yet. The paper aims at carrying out a parameterization study on the OTTV equation. 95102985 Plprllne lnvestlgetlons Energy World, Mar. 1995, (226 p. 6. Renorts that Sheffield Heat and P ower has beeun an evaluation oroiect to as&s the economic advantages of using a flexyble pipeline systek i; parts of its extensive district heating network. Information available from Ian Wightman, Fusion Group, Tel:01596 410929, Fax:01506 416545. 95102906 Thermal analysis of floor hsatlng panels Comini, G. and Nonino, C. Numerical Heat Transfer, PartA, Nov. 1994, 26, (5), 537-550. Discusses the thermal analysis of floor heating panels, based on wellknown theoretical results concerning shape resistance factors. Finite element calculations are utilized to modify the standard expression of shape resistances, in order to take into account the distribution of heat flow lines in floor panels and the influence of nonuniform surface temperatures.
14 HEAT PUMPS 95102907 A heat-pump system for heat recovery at a substatlon Zhao, Y. et al., Energy, Mar. 1995, 20, (3), 243-245. A heat-pump system for heat recovery at substations is analysed. The analysis and test results show that the system yields substantial energy savings and reduces pollution. 95102988 IEA revlew heat pumps Energy World, Mar. 1995, (226), p. 3. A new report from the International Energy Agency (IEA reveals that around 55 million heat pumps are in operation worldwide. d f these, 70% are in Japan and a further 17% are in the USA. Titled International Heat Pump Sfafus and Policy Review, the latest analysis report from the IEA’s heat pump information centre, the IEA Heat Pump Centre, looks in detail at the use of heat pumps in 25 countries.
15 ENVIRONMENT Pollution,
Health Protection,
Safety
95102989 Abatement of SO, emlsslon In combustion of cokes from non- and poorly coking coals Naudorf, W. et al., Freiberg. Forschungsh. A, 1994, 835, 68-84. (In German) By way of example burning tests with three coals having different caking properties and sulphur contents show that many coals and the cokes produced therefrom bum with a relatively low rate of sulphur fixing by the ash. The rate of sulphur fixing by the ash of the cokes can be increased to 90% or more if lime or limestone dust is added to the coal before the briquetting and coking process, and if burning temperature is kept at 900” or less. To produce a coke fuel with sufficient strength under these conditions the use of coking aids is necessary. 95102990 Adsorptlon actlvlty of products of thermal processIng of brown coals Eremina, A. 0. er al., I&m. Tverd. Topl. (Moscow), 1994, (4). 142-147. (In Russian) Describes how thermally activated brown coal from Berezovsk, Russia was effective in the removal of petroleum products and heavy metals from wastewater. 95/02991 Advlslng the public about radlatlon emergencies NCRP Commentary No.10, NCRP Publications, 7910 Woodmont Ave., Suite 800, Bethesda, MD.20814, USA, $10.00, 16 pp~ The commentary looks at features involved in providing information to the public relating to radiation emergencies.
214
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
May 1995
95102992 Aerosol effects on climate Jennings, S. G. (editor) University of Arizona Press, Tucson, AZ, USA, $40.00, 304 pp. 95102993 Air pollution control costs for coal-flred power statlons Takeshita, M. IEA Coal Research, Publications Dept., Gemini House, IO18 Putney Hill, London SW15 6AA, IEAPERI17, f255.00, Jan. 1995, 38 PP. The costs of air pollution control (for SO , NO, and particulate emissions) and the factors affecting the costs m coal- f lred power stations are reviewed in this report. Alr quality standards for the mlllennlum 95102994 1995 Retail Marketing Survey Supplement, Petroleum McQuillan, L. Review, Mar. 1995, 49, (578), 25-26. Readers of the popular press these days may be forgiven for thinking that every breath they take should carry a government health warning. Air quality is a major concern of the public, politicians and industry, so it is not surprising that, while emotions are running high, some important facts are being obscured. 95102996 Analysis of olychlorlnated dlbenzofurans (PCDFs) In fly ash from a waste Pnclneratlon plant Pehlivan, M. et al., J. Anal. Toxicol., 1994, 18, (7), 397-401. Describes a method for the congener-specific analysis of polychlorinated dibenzofurans in waste incinceration fly ash. The method involves extraction, column chromatography, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometric techniques. 95102996 An analysis of proposed rules on decommlsslonIng sites and facllltles Mallay, J. F. Nuclear News, Feb. 1995, 38, (2), 46-47. Considerable attention is being placed currently on the environmental restoration of radioactivity contaminated sites and facilities. The federal agencies responsible for the regulation and government ownership of nuclear facilities in the USA have recently concentrated on the development of regulations and guidelines for the achievement of a satisfactory level of residual radioactivity at these facilities and sites to that they can be safely used for other purposes. 95102997 Annual review of energy and the envlronment Socolow, R. H. (editor), Annual Reviews Inc., Palo Alto, CA., USA, Vol. 19, $71.00, 543 pp. 95102998 Apollo: A D&D success story Nuclear News, Feb. 1995, 38, (2), 52-53. A short report on the Apollo fuel plant which is located on a 22-acre industrial site on the Kiskiminetas River in the borough of Apollo, Pa., some 25 miles northeast of Pittsburgh. 95102999 Appllcatlon of blologlcal marker technology to bloremedlatlon of reflnery by-products Moldowan, J. M. er al., Energy & Fuels, Jan.-Feb. 1995, 9, (I), 155-162. The progress of bioremediation of waste petroleum sludge at Chevron’s Perth, Amboy, New Jersey, refinery landfarm was evaluated using a ranking scale based on refractory biological marker hydrocarbons that are indigneous to, and ubiquitous in, crude oils. Are power lines experlments fatally flawed? 95/03000 Aldhous, P. New Scientist, Mar. 1995, 1969, p. 18. The author reports that a major flaw may have wrecked years of experiments designed to find a biological mechanism to explain the claim that children living near power lines are more likely to develop Ieukaemia. 95lQ3001 Assesment of Internal dose from radlonuclldes Doslmetrlc and bloklnstlc models Kaul, A. Kerntechnik, Feb. 1995, 60, (l), 7-15. The uptake of a radionuclide and its retention in a source organ or tissue following its ingestion, inhalation or systemic administration is described simple to facilitate estimates by biokinetic models, which are sufficient1 of equivalent organ doses for radiologica ly protection purposes. For the assessment of annual limits on intakes of radionuclides by workers, and of dose coefficients for intakes of radionuclides by members of the public and patients, the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) has developed biokinetic models for the uptake of radionuclides by the gastrointestinal and the respirato tract as well as for the systemic behaviour of radionuclides and their erKmination corn the body. The dosimetric and biokinetic models and data used for the assessments are described in detail.
Heat pumps
Parameterlzatlon study of the overall thermal95102964 transfer value 8 uatlon for bulldlngs Chow, W. K. and % han, K. T. Applied Energy, 1995, 50, (3), 247-268. Modem buildings in Hong Kong are characterized by high window-to-wall ratios. This leads to large energy consumption due to the solar radiative heat gain. The problem is now of great concern to the industry not just because of the energy usage, but also due to the environmental problem that arises from overusage of energy. The government is considering implementing some regulations for controlling the cooling load in centrally air-conditioned buildings. The concept of overall thermal-transfer value (OTTV) is proposed to be used as a guideline for designing the building envelopes. However, those equations for calculating the O’ITV recommended by the draft design guide are rather unclear. Many parameters that influence the OTTV equation have not been studied thoroughly yet. The paper aims at carrying out a parameterization study on the OTTV equation. 95102985 Plprllne lnvestlgetlons Energy World, Mar. 1995, (226 p. 6. Renorts that Sheffield Heat and P ower has beeun an evaluation oroiect to as&s the economic advantages of using a flexyble pipeline systek i; parts of its extensive district heating network. Information available from Ian Wightman, Fusion Group, Tel:01596 410929, Fax:01506 416545. 95102906 Thermal analysis of floor hsatlng panels Comini, G. and Nonino, C. Numerical Heat Transfer, PartA, Nov. 1994, 26, (5), 537-550. Discusses the thermal analysis of floor heating panels, based on wellknown theoretical results concerning shape resistance factors. Finite element calculations are utilized to modify the standard expression of shape resistances, in order to take into account the distribution of heat flow lines in floor panels and the influence of nonuniform surface temperatures.
14 HEAT PUMPS 95102907 A heat-pump system for heat recovery at a substatlon Zhao, Y. et al., Energy, Mar. 1995, 20, (3), 243-245. A heat-pump system for heat recovery at substations is analysed. The analysis and test results show that the system yields substantial energy savings and reduces pollution. 95102988 IEA revlew heat pumps Energy World, Mar. 1995, (226), p. 3. A new report from the International Energy Agency (IEA reveals that around 55 million heat pumps are in operation worldwide. d f these, 70% are in Japan and a further 17% are in the USA. Titled International Heat Pump Sfafus and Policy Review, the latest analysis report from the IEA’s heat pump information centre, the IEA Heat Pump Centre, looks in detail at the use of heat pumps in 25 countries.
15 ENVIRONMENT Pollution,
Health Protection,
Safety
95102989 Abatement of SO, emlsslon In combustion of cokes from non- and poorly coking coals Naudorf, W. et al., Freiberg. Forschungsh. A, 1994, 835, 68-84. (In German) By way of example burning tests with three coals having different caking properties and sulphur contents show that many coals and the cokes produced therefrom bum with a relatively low rate of sulphur fixing by the ash. The rate of sulphur fixing by the ash of the cokes can be increased to 90% or more if lime or limestone dust is added to the coal before the briquetting and coking process, and if burning temperature is kept at 900” or less. To produce a coke fuel with sufficient strength under these conditions the use of coking aids is necessary. 95102990 Adsorptlon actlvlty of products of thermal processIng of brown coals Eremina, A. 0. er al., I&m. Tverd. Topl. (Moscow), 1994, (4). 142-147. (In Russian) Describes how thermally activated brown coal from Berezovsk, Russia was effective in the removal of petroleum products and heavy metals from wastewater. 95/02991 Advlslng the public about radlatlon emergencies NCRP Commentary No.10, NCRP Publications, 7910 Woodmont Ave., Suite 800, Bethesda, MD.20814, USA, $10.00, 16 pp~ The commentary looks at features involved in providing information to the public relating to radiation emergencies.
214
Fuel and Energy Abstracts
May 1995
95102992 Aerosol effects on climate Jennings, S. G. (editor) University of Arizona Press, Tucson, AZ, USA, $40.00, 304 pp. 95102993 Air pollution control costs for coal-flred power statlons Takeshita, M. IEA Coal Research, Publications Dept., Gemini House, IO18 Putney Hill, London SW15 6AA, IEAPERI17, f255.00, Jan. 1995, 38 PP. The costs of air pollution control (for SO , NO, and particulate emissions) and the factors affecting the costs m coal- f lred power stations are reviewed in this report. Alr quality standards for the mlllennlum 95102994 1995 Retail Marketing Survey Supplement, Petroleum McQuillan, L. Review, Mar. 1995, 49, (578), 25-26. Readers of the popular press these days may be forgiven for thinking that every breath they take should carry a government health warning. Air quality is a major concern of the public, politicians and industry, so it is not surprising that, while emotions are running high, some important facts are being obscured. 95102996 Analysis of olychlorlnated dlbenzofurans (PCDFs) In fly ash from a waste Pnclneratlon plant Pehlivan, M. et al., J. Anal. Toxicol., 1994, 18, (7), 397-401. Describes a method for the congener-specific analysis of polychlorinated dibenzofurans in waste incinceration fly ash. The method involves extraction, column chromatography, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometric techniques. 95102996 An analysis of proposed rules on decommlsslonIng sites and facllltles Mallay, J. F. Nuclear News, Feb. 1995, 38, (2), 46-47. Considerable attention is being placed currently on the environmental restoration of radioactivity contaminated sites and facilities. The federal agencies responsible for the regulation and government ownership of nuclear facilities in the USA have recently concentrated on the development of regulations and guidelines for the achievement of a satisfactory level of residual radioactivity at these facilities and sites to that they can be safely used for other purposes. 95102997 Annual review of energy and the envlronment Socolow, R. H. (editor), Annual Reviews Inc., Palo Alto, CA., USA, Vol. 19, $71.00, 543 pp. 95102998 Apollo: A D&D success story Nuclear News, Feb. 1995, 38, (2), 52-53. A short report on the Apollo fuel plant which is located on a 22-acre industrial site on the Kiskiminetas River in the borough of Apollo, Pa., some 25 miles northeast of Pittsburgh. 95102999 Appllcatlon of blologlcal marker technology to bloremedlatlon of reflnery by-products Moldowan, J. M. er al., Energy & Fuels, Jan.-Feb. 1995, 9, (I), 155-162. The progress of bioremediation of waste petroleum sludge at Chevron’s Perth, Amboy, New Jersey, refinery landfarm was evaluated using a ranking scale based on refractory biological marker hydrocarbons that are indigneous to, and ubiquitous in, crude oils. Are power lines experlments fatally flawed? 95/03000 Aldhous, P. New Scientist, Mar. 1995, 1969, p. 18. The author reports that a major flaw may have wrecked years of experiments designed to find a biological mechanism to explain the claim that children living near power lines are more likely to develop Ieukaemia. 95lQ3001 Assesment of Internal dose from radlonuclldes Doslmetrlc and bloklnstlc models Kaul, A. Kerntechnik, Feb. 1995, 60, (l), 7-15. The uptake of a radionuclide and its retention in a source organ or tissue following its ingestion, inhalation or systemic administration is described simple to facilitate estimates by biokinetic models, which are sufficient1 of equivalent organ doses for radiologica ly protection purposes. For the assessment of annual limits on intakes of radionuclides by workers, and of dose coefficients for intakes of radionuclides by members of the public and patients, the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) has developed biokinetic models for the uptake of radionuclides by the gastrointestinal and the respirato tract as well as for the systemic behaviour of radionuclides and their erKmination corn the body. The dosimetric and biokinetic models and data used for the assessments are described in detail.