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Annual Review of Pharmacology, Volume XI, 1971
BOOK REVIEWS of the formative elements of the personality. The individuality of the personality starts in fetal life, in all probability, as early as the zygote or fertilized ovum to continue on through the vegetative - somatic embryonic development. Then follows the influence, of the birth event, with the possible traumas, on SUbsequent development. The morphological structures are also susceptible to traumas and foci of fixation during the early years of extrauterine life. The concept of individuality development includes the affective states from their beginning in the infant and the development of the body image as the basis of the margin between the ego ("I") and the world. The primitive hereditary - congenital rellexes with their biological- physiological character do not determine directly the psychological rellexes but in combination with these are involved in habit formation and education. The motives and demands of modern man, the illnesses, the types of symptoms, and which symptoms are determined by psychological components of the personality are given special consideration. References to the literature are limited to German and Hungarian authors. The text is well organized and interestingly presented. For those students of psychology who read German it should serve as an orientation in the subject. NOLAN D.C. LEWIS, M.D. Frederick, Marlyland
"ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHARMACOLOGY, VOLUME XI, 1971" (Eels.: Elliot, H.W., Okun, R., and Dreisbach, R.H.), Annual Reviews Inc., Palo Alto, Calif. 11. 1-560.
This eleventh (1971) volume of the Annual Review of Pharmacology compares very favorably with its predecessors although the current volume has articles of an esoteric ring to the average psychiatrist ("circadian chronopharmacology"; "Marine toxins"; "Amines and pclypepetides of amphibian skin," etc.). The introduction by Nobelist Von Euler emphasizes his philosophical approach to research, noting that in the future freedom of scientific research may be non~xistent. Actually this is an unfortunate fact now. One can infer that he had the usual quota of problems in his earlier years, something not unknown to many scientists. A lengthier description of the early work with prostaglandins and norepinephrine would have been interesting. Albert gives a partiCUlarly lucid non-technical discussion of a highly technical SUbject, "Relations between Molecular Structure and Biological Activity: Stages in the Evolution of Current Concepts." The account of cyclic AMP was much too brief. January-February 1972
Anders discusses enhancement and inhibition of drug metabolism and emphasizes these possibilities which may result from multiple drug administration in humans. For instance, diphenylhy-' dantoin metabolism is inhibited by disulfran and isoniazid. With many physicians tending to use "polypharmacy," a better knOWledge of the basic pharmacology might avoid future problems. I. and J.A. Izquierdo consider the effects of drugs on deep brain centers making relevant criticisms concerning the newer techniques for delivering drugs directly into the central nervous system, and stressing the local damage that ensues. One wonders if these experiments are actually relevant to the in vivo state, and the exact meaning of the large amount of data generated by this approach. Sulser and Sanders-Bush discuss the "Effect of Drugs on Amines in the CNS" elaborating on some newer work concerning biochemical pharmacology of amphetamines and tricyclic anti-depressants. They consider the possibility that the catecholamine hypothesis for affective illnesses may really be a disorder of 5HT neurons, something not impossible. The paper by Lewis, Bentley, and Cowan on "Narcotic Analgesics and Antagonists" might have benefited from a more thorough treatment of the factors i nlluencing relapse to addictive drugs. The bulk of their report concerns structure-function relationships of newer drugs. Davis and Fann have made a broad review of the literature concerning Lithium, which will interest those desiring a general perspective of the subject. The article on circadian chronopharmacology by Reinberg and Halberg may have some relevance to psychopharmacology for it is an unquestionable fact that biological rhythms inlluence many psychological events. The authors discuss studies by various workers on rhythmic enzymatic activity in rat and mouse. The cyclic behavioral events in schizophrenia and depreSsion in this context might be worthy of more close attention. There are many other articles of greater interest to pharmacologists such as "The Pharmacology of the Estrogens," "Cancer Chemotherapy," "Toxicology: The Respiratory Tract," and etc. The volume is recommended. HERMAN C.B. DENBER, M.D. Ph.D. New York
NEUR081818 A PAINFUL 8TYLE OF LIVING. By 8amuel r. Greenberg, M.D., 8ignet Books, New American Library.
This little paperback packs a tremendous amount of information and is truly a readable account of the psychodynamics of daily living. The author, with wide experience as 65
"ANNUAL REVIEW OF PHARMACOLOGY, VOLUME XI, 1971" (Eels.: Elliot, H.W., Okun, R., and Dreisbach, R.H.), Annual Reviews Inc., Palo Alto, Calif. 11. 1-560.
This eleventh (1971) volume of the Annual Review of Pharmacology compares very favorably with its predecessors although the current volume has articles of an esoteric ring to the average psychiatrist ("circadian chronopharmacology"; "Marine toxins"; "Amines and pclypepetides of amphibian skin," etc.). The introduction by Nobelist Von Euler emphasizes his philosophical approach to research, noting that in the future freedom of scientific research may be non~xistent. Actually this is an unfortunate fact now. One can infer that he had the usual quota of problems in his earlier years, something not unknown to many scientists. A lengthier description of the early work with prostaglandins and norepinephrine would have been interesting. Albert gives a partiCUlarly lucid non-technical discussion of a highly technical SUbject, "Relations between Molecular Structure and Biological Activity: Stages in the Evolution of Current Concepts." The account of cyclic AMP was much too brief. January-February 1972
Anders discusses enhancement and inhibition of drug metabolism and emphasizes these possibilities which may result from multiple drug administration in humans. For instance, diphenylhy-' dantoin metabolism is inhibited by disulfran and isoniazid. With many physicians tending to use "polypharmacy," a better knOWledge of the basic pharmacology might avoid future problems. I. and J.A. Izquierdo consider the effects of drugs on deep brain centers making relevant criticisms concerning the newer techniques for delivering drugs directly into the central nervous system, and stressing the local damage that ensues. One wonders if these experiments are actually relevant to the in vivo state, and the exact meaning of the large amount of data generated by this approach. Sulser and Sanders-Bush discuss the "Effect of Drugs on Amines in the CNS" elaborating on some newer work concerning biochemical pharmacology of amphetamines and tricyclic anti-depressants. They consider the possibility that the catecholamine hypothesis for affective illnesses may really be a disorder of 5HT neurons, something not impossible. The paper by Lewis, Bentley, and Cowan on "Narcotic Analgesics and Antagonists" might have benefited from a more thorough treatment of the factors i nlluencing relapse to addictive drugs. The bulk of their report concerns structure-function relationships of newer drugs. Davis and Fann have made a broad review of the literature concerning Lithium, which will interest those desiring a general perspective of the subject. The article on circadian chronopharmacology by Reinberg and Halberg may have some relevance to psychopharmacology for it is an unquestionable fact that biological rhythms inlluence many psychological events. The authors discuss studies by various workers on rhythmic enzymatic activity in rat and mouse. The cyclic behavioral events in schizophrenia and depreSsion in this context might be worthy of more close attention. There are many other articles of greater interest to pharmacologists such as "The Pharmacology of the Estrogens," "Cancer Chemotherapy," "Toxicology: The Respiratory Tract," and etc. The volume is recommended. HERMAN C.B. DENBER, M.D. Ph.D. New York
NEUR081818 A PAINFUL 8TYLE OF LIVING. By 8amuel r. Greenberg, M.D., 8ignet Books, New American Library.
This little paperback packs a tremendous amount of information and is truly a readable account of the psychodynamics of daily living. The author, with wide experience as 65