- Email: [email protected]
Anorexia nervosa: Selected references
JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENTHEALTH CARE 4:70-73, 1983
ANOREXIA NERVOSA: SELECTED REFERENCES
GENERAL Bruch H. Eating disorders. Obesity, anorexia nervosa, and the person within. New York: Basic Books, 1973 (Classic work presenting a theory of eating disorders, their manifestations and management; section on anorexia, based on experience with 70 patients, includes history, review of literature, atypical forms) Bruch H. Anorexia nervosa. In: Feinstein S, Giovacchini P. Adolescent psychiatry. Developmental and clinical studies, vol. V. New York: Jason Aronson, 1977:293-303 (Overview of the clinical aspects, management) Bruch H. Anorexia nervosa in adolescence. In: Gallagher JR, Heald FP, Garell DC, eds. Medical Care of the Adolescent. 3rd ed. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1976;251-9 (Excellent review of clinical manifestations, pathophysiology with brief comments on various treatments) Bruch H. Anorexia nervosa and its treatment. J Pediatr Psychol 1977;2(3):110-2 (Brief overview of all aspects) Crisp AH, Palmer RL, Kalucy RS. How common is anorexia nervosa? A prevalence study. Br J Psychiatry 1976;128:549-54 (Survey of 12,400 British schoolgirls finding common occurrence and suggesting increasing incidence) Dally P, Gomez J, Isaacs AJ. Anorexia nervosa. Chicago: Year Books, 1980 (Text covering all aspects--riot available for review) Garfinkel PE, Garner DM. Anorexia nervosa: A multidimensional perspective. New York: Brunner/Mazel, 1982 (See review, this issue) Halmi KA. Anorexia nervosa: demographic and clinical features in 94 cases. Psychosom Med 1974;36(1):18-26 (Comprehensive chart study covering 50 years with focus on premorbid characteristics, precipitating events) Halmi KA. The diagnosis and treatment of anorexia nervosa. In: Zales MR, ed. Eating, sleeping, and sexuality. Treatment of disorders in basic life functions. New York: Brunner/Mazel, 1982:43-58 (Overview of disorder, two detailed cases) Klibanski A. Anorexia nervosa. Primary Care 1981;8(1):19-31 (Review including clinical features, diagnosis, physiologic mechanisms; two case examples) Lester EP, ed. Symposium: Anorexia nervosa and obesity--recent developments. Can J Psychiatry 1981;26(4):211-35 (Selected papers on developmental aspects, pathogenesis, body image, therapeutic outcome) Lucas AR. Toward the understanding of anorexia nervosa as a disease entity. Mayo Clin Proc 1981;56(4)254-64 (Review of historical development of theories and knowledge about pathophysiology and treatment as a biopsychosocial disorder) Munson SW, Hoekelman RA. Anorexia nervosa. In: Shen JTY, ed. The clinical practice of adolescent medicine. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1980:196-204 (Overview of clinical aspects, management) Pyle RL, Mitchell JE, Eckert ED. Bulimia: a report of 34 cases. J Clin Psychiatry 1981;42(2):60-4 (Survey of demographic variables, eating patterns, medical complications; patients over age 20 but with onset at ages 11-22 years) Russell G. Bulimia nervosa: an ominous variant of anorexia nervosa. Psychol Med 1979;9:429-48 (Extensive review based on prospective study of 30 patients ages 13-35 years; theoretical model) Schwabe AD, Lippe BM, Chang RJ, et al. Anorexia nervosa. Ann
70 0197-0070/83f010070+ 04503.00
Intern Med 1981;94(3):371-81 (Summary of UCLA conference reviewing clinical features, laboratory findings, nutritional aspects, psychological aspects) Sours JA. Anorexia nervosa: Nosology, diagnosis, developmental patterns, and power-control dynamics. In: Caplan G, Lebovici S. Adolescence: Psychosocial perspectives. New York: Basic Books, 1969:185-212 (Review of history, diagnosis, pathophysiology, with emphasis on psychodevelopmental aspects) Sours JA. Starving to death in a sea of objects. The anorexia nervosa syndrome. New York: Jason Aronson, 1980 (See review, this issue) Sweeney DR, ed. Anorexia nervosa: recent developments. Int J Psychiatry Med 1981-82;11(3):193-302 (Symposium with papers on pathophysiology, diagnosis, neuropsychiatry, family therapy) Theander S. Anorexia nervosa. A psychiatric investigation of 94 female cases. Acta Psychiatr Scand (Suppl) 1970;214:1-194 (Extensive study by chart review and follow-up of numerous aspects; 20 brief case illustrations) Ushakov G. Anorexia nervosa. In: Howells JG, ed. Modern perspectives in adolescent psychiatry, vol. IV. New York: Brunner/Mazel, 1971;274-89 (Review of history, precursors, symptoms, prognosis, treatment based on literature up to 1961) Vigersky R, ed. Anorexia nervosa. New York: Raven Press, 1977 (Collected papers from first multidisciplinary conference on anorexia nervosa sponsored by National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; major focus on neuroendocrinologic aspects, physiologic complications, medical management but with review papers on psychosocial antecedents, manifestations, and treatments; emphasis on research needs) MEDICAL--PHYSIOLOGICAL Baker L, Lyen KR. Anorexia nervosa. In: Winick M, ed. Adolescent nutrition. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1981;139-49 (Review of medical aspects, malnutrition, nutritional therapy) Boyar RM. Endocrine changes in anorexia nervosa. Med Clin N Am 1978;62(2):297-303 (Review of effects on cortisol, gonadotropins, estrogen) Boyar RM, Hellman LD, Roffwarg H, et al. Cortisol secretion and metabolism in anorexia nervosa. N Engl J Med 1977;296(4):1903 (Study of 10 patients, six controls) Boyar RM, Katz J, Finkelstein JW, et al. Anorexia nervosa. Immaturity of the 24-hour luteinizing hormone secretory pattern. N Engl J Med 1974;291(17):861-5 (Study of nine young women showing age-inappropriate patterns comparable with early puberty) Crisp AH, Stonchill E. Relationship between aspects of nutritional disturbance and menstrual activity in primary anorexia. Br Med J 1971;3:149-151 (Survey of 54 patients seen over 10 years relating body weight to menstrual patterns) Eisenberg E. Toward an understanding of reproductive function in anorexia nervosa. Fertil Steril 1981;36(5):543-50 (Review of current concepts of hypothalamic physiology, reproductive consequences of anorexia, rationale for intervention) Halmi KA, Sherman BM. Gonadotropin response to LH-RH in anorexia nervosa. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1975;32:875-8 (Endocrine profiles of nine patients documenting primary hypothalamic dysfunction)
© Society for Adolescent Medicine, 1983 Published by Elsevier Science Publishing Co., Inc., 52 Vanderbilt Ave., New York, NY 10017
March 1983
Jeuniewic N, Brown GM, Garfinkel PE, et al. Hypothalamic function as related to body weight and body fat in anorexia nervosa. Psychosom Med 1978;40(3):187-98 (Relationship of percent body fat and weight loss to LH in 15 patients; response to induction of LH in seven patients) Marshall JC, Fraser TR. Amenorrhea in anorexia nervosa: assessment and treatment with clomiphene citrate. Br Med J 1971;4:590-2 (Study of seven patients, suggesting hypothalamic dysfunction) Marshall JC, Kelch RP. Low dose pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone in anorexia nervosa: a model of human pubertal development. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1979;49(5):712-8(Study of three patients demonstrating changing responsiveness with improvement, comparable to pubertal progression) Mawson AR. Anorexia nervosa and the regulation of intake. Psychol Med 1974;4:289-308 (Extensive review of epidemiology and relationship with hunger mechanism, gastrointestinal physiology; clinical rationale for treatment) Nillius SJ, Fries H, Wide L. Successful induction of follicular maturation and ovulation by prolonged treatment with LH-releasing hormone in women with anorexia nervosa. Am J Obstet GynecoI 1975;122:921-8 (Detailed study of four patients) Sours JA, Vorhaus LJ. Superior mesenteric artery syndrome in anorexia nervosa: a case report. Am J Psychiatry 1981;138(4):51920 (17-year-old patient, demonstrating complicating physical factor) Travaglini P, Beck-Peccoz P, Ferrari C, et al. Some aspects of hypothalamic-pituitaryfunction in patients with anorexia nervosa. Acta Endocrinol 1976;81:252-62 (Studies of thyroid, prolactin, gonadotropin function in 17 patients) Vigersky RA, Andersen AE, Thompson RH, et al. Hypothalamic dysfunction in secondary amenorrhea associated with simple weight loss. N Engl J Med 1977;297(21):1141-5 (Comparison of 19 patients without and 29 patients with anorexia nervosa, defining role of starvation in endocrine dysfunction) Vigersky RA, Loriaux DL, Andersen AE, et al. Anorexia nervosa: behavioral and hypothalamic aspects. Clin Endocrinol Metab 1975;5(2):517-35 (Review of diagnostic approach, evaluation of endocrine axes) Wakeling A, DeSouza VA, Beardwood CJ. Assessment of the negative and positive feedback effects of administered oestrogen on gonadotrophin release in patients with anorexia nervosa. Psychol Med 1977;7:397-405(Study of 19 patients showing return of normal endocrine axis function but continued impairment of hypothalamic responsiveness) Wakeling A, DeSouza VFA, Gore MBR, et al. Amenorrhea, body weight, and serum hormone concentrations, with particular reference to prolactin and thyroid hormones in anorexia nervosa. Psychol Med 1979;9:265-72 (Study of 20 women during regain of weight, relating amenorrhea to endocrine axis dysfunction) Walsh BT. The endocrinology of anorexia nervosa. Psychiatr Clin N Am 1980;3(2):299-312 (Extensive review of normal thyroid, adrenal, and gonadal axes and dysfunctions with anorexia) Walsh BT, Katz JL, Levin J, et al. Adrenal activity in anorexia nervosa. Psychosom Med 1978;40(6):499-506 (Study of 19 patients suggesting altered adrenal regulation secondary to psychobiological disturbance as well as malnutrition) Warren MP, Vande Wiele RL. Clinical and metabolic features of anorexia nervosa. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1973;117:435-49(Study of 42 patients ages 10-26 years, outlining organic abnormalities) PSYCHOSOCIAL
Beumont PJV, Abraham SF, Simpson KG. The psychosexual histories of adolescent girls and young women with anorexia nervosa. Psychol Med 1981;11(1):131-40 (Survey of sexual knowledge, attitudes, behaviors in 31 patients, showing broad spectrum with distinction between dieters and vomiter-purgers) Beumont PJV, George GCW, Smart DE "Dieters" and "vomiters and purgers" in anorexia nervosa. Psychol Med 1976;6:617-
71
22 (Retrospective chart review of 31 patients describing differences in personalities, prognosis) Bruch H. Developmental considerations of anorexia nervosa and obesity. Can J Psychiatry 1981;26(4):212-6(Review of classical clinical syndrome, common features of a spectrum of eating disorders; proposed psychodynamic model) Button EJ, Whitehouse A. Subclinical anorexia nervosa. Psychol Med 1981;11:509-16 (Eating attitudes screening of 578 college students finding 6% with subclinical anorexia; implications for early detection, prevention; brief examples) Cantwell DP, Sturzenberger S, Burroughs J, et al. Anorexia nervosa. An affective disorder? Arch Gen Psychiatry 1977;34:108793 (Longitudinal study of 26 patients suggesting strong interrelationship of anorexia and primary affective disorder) Casper RC, Offer D, Ostrov E. The self-image of adolescents with acute anorexia nervosa. J Pediatr 1981;98(4):656-61 (Profile derived from Offer Self-Image Questionaire; comparative adjustment and prognosis of younger and older patients) Crisp AH. Anorexia nervosa at normal body weight! The abnormal-normal weight control syndrome. Int J Psychiatry Med 1981-82;11(3):203-33 (Biological-sociological-psychological aspects, evolution, treatment of this specific eating disorder, compared and contrasted with classic anorexia and obesity; case examples) Ehrensing RH, Weitzman EL. The mother-daughter relationship in anorexia nervosa. Psychosom Med 1970;32(2):201-8(Report of mother, daughter with anorexia admitted 24 years apart; discussion of role of disturbed mother-daughter relationship in ego development) Garfinkel PE. Some recent observations on the pathogenesis of anorexia nervosa. Can J Psychiatry 1981;26(4):218-23(Review of recent considerations in classification, differentiation of subgroups) Garfinkel PE, Moldofsky H, Garner DM, et al. Body awareness in anorexia nervosa: disturbances in "body image" and "satiety." Psychosom Med 1978;40(6):487-98 (Controlled study of 26 patients detecting abnormal visual self-perceptions in some, not all) Garner DM. Body image in anorexia nervosa. Can J Psychiatry 1981;26(4):224-7(Critical review of studies using specific techniques to measure self-image) Garner DM, Garfinkel PE. Socio-cultural factors in the development of anorexia nervosa. Psychol Med 1980;10:647-56 (Survey of eating attitudes of 183 dance and 56 modeling students; identification of possible risk factors for anorexia) Garner DM, Garfinkel PE, Moldofsky H. Perceptual experiences in anorexia nervosa and obesity. Can Psychiatr Assoc J 1978;23:249-63 (Review of recent research supporting unified psychodynamic theory of eating disorders) Garner DM, Garfinkel PE, Stancer HC, et al. Body image disturbances in anorexia nervosa and obesity. Psychosom Med 1976;38(5):327-36 (Comparison study proposing body image distortion as unifying feature of eating disorders) Goodsitt A. Narcissistic disturbances in anorexia nervosa. In: Feinstein S, Giovacchini P. Adolescent psychiatry. Developmental and clinical studies, vol. V. New York: Jason Aronson, 1977;304-12 (Psychoanalytic perspective, case report) Halmi KA, Casper RC, Eckert ED, et al. Unique features associated with age of onset of anorexia nervosa. Psychiatr Res 1979;1:209-15 (Relationship of age of onset and personality characteristics in 105 patients suggesting worse prognosis with increasing age) Irwin M. Diagnosis of anorexia nervosa in children and the validity of DSM-III. Am J Psychiatry 1981;138(10):1382-3 (Retrospective study of 13 young patients with seven not meeting criteria; suggested revision to permit earlier diagnosis) Kalucy RS, Crisp AH, Harding B. A study of 56 families with anorexia nervosa. Br J Med Psychol 1977;50:381-95 (Observations of social class, parental weights, parental sexual adjustment, family characteristics) McAnarney ER, Hoekelman R.A. Conflicted adolescent premarital
72
ANOREXIA NERVOSA: SELECTED REFERENCES
intercourse. An antecedent of mild anorexia nervosa? Clin Pediatr 1979;18(6):340-2 (Two case reports with implications for early diagnosis of anorexia) Mogul SL. Asceticism in adolescence and anorexia nervosa. Psychoanal Study Child 1980;35:155-75 (Review of adolescent development tasks in anorexia with cross-cultural perspectives, suggestions for psychotherapy) Rollins N, Piazza E. Diagnosis of anorexia nervosa. A critical reappraisal. J AmAcad Child Psychiatry 1978;17:126-37 (Critical review of diagnostic criteria, urging less stringent application to permit earlier diagnosis) Sours JA. Depression and the anorexia syndrome. Psychiatr Clin N Am 1981;4(1):145-58 (Case report of 13-year-old girl; review of interaction) Strober M. The relation of personality characteristics to body image disturbances in juvenile anorexia nervosa: A multivariate analysis. Psychosom Med 1981;43(4):323-30 (Study of 65 female adolescent patients demonstrating heterogeneity of syndrome) Strober M, Goldenberg I, Green J, et al. Body image disturbance in anorexia nervosa during the acute and recuperative phase. Psychol Med 1979;9:695-701 (Controlled study of 18 adolescent patients defining vulnerability to maturational conflicts) Wilbur CJ, Colligan RC. Psychologic and behavioral correlates of anorexia nervosa. J Dev Behav Pediatr 1981;2(3):89-92 (Psychometric data from 34 anorexic and 68 nonpsychotic psychiatrically ill adolescents) Yager J. Family issues in the pathogenesis of anorexia nervosa. Psychosom Med 1982;44(1):43-60 (Review of literature on familial transmission, family stress patterns, family systems) MALE ANOREXICS
Beumont PJV, Beardwood CJ, Russell GFM. The occurrence of the syndrome of anorexia nervosa in male subjects. Psychol Med 1972;2:216-31 (Extensive reports of six patients, including endocrinological studies; review of literature with summary of 25 previous cases; several aspects compared with female patients) Bruch H. Anorexia nervosa in the male. Psychosom Med 1971;33(1)31-47 (Report of nine patients studied over 25 years: five primary, four atypical) Crisp AH, Toms DA. Primary anorexia nervosa or weight phobia in the male: Report on 13 cases. Br Med J 1972;1:334-8 (Detailed report of patients ages 14-46 years) Hay GG, Leonard JC. Anorexia nervosa in males. Lancet 1979;2:5745 (Brief report of five patients) Hogan WM, Huerta E, Lucas AR. Diagnosing anorexia nervosa in males. Psychosomatics 1974;15(3):122-6 (Review of diagnostic criteria; application to 13 cases ages 11-20 years) Smith NJ. Excessive weight loss and food aversion in athletes simulating anorexia nervosa. Pediatrics 1980;66(1):139-42 (Editorial comment on problems of weight loss in male athletes; case example; suggestions for prevention, management) Sreenivasan U. Anorexia nervosa in boys. Can Psychiatr Assoc J 1978;23:159-62 (Report of three patients) Taipale V, Larkio-Miettinen K, Valanne EH, et al. Anorexia nervosa in boys. Psychosomatics 1972;13:236-40 (Report of five patients with follow-up of four) PROGNOSIS
Bruch H. Death in anorexia nervosa. Psychosom Med 1971;33(2):135-44 (Detailed report of four cases in series of 64; deaths at ages 14, 16, 22, 33 years) Casper RC, Davis JM. On the course of anorexia nervosa. Am J Psychiatry 1977;134(9):974-7 (Follow-up of 30 patients comparing anorexia with starvation) Crisp AH. Therapeutic outcome in anorexia nervosa. Can J Psychiatry 1981;26(4):232-4 (4-7 year follow-up of 100 patients supporting value of specific therapy approach)
JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH CARE Vol. 4, No. 1
Goetz PL, Succop RA, Reinhart JB, et al. Anorexia nervosa in children: a follow-up study. Am J Orthopsychiatry 1977;47(4):597-603 (Follow-up at 5 and 20 years of 30 patients, relating prognosis to underlying personality type) Halmi K, Brodland G, Loney J. Prognosis in anorexia nervosa. Ann Intern Med 1973;78:907-9 (Study of 42 patients identifying prognostic factors) Halmi KA, Goldberg SC, Casper RC, et al. Pretreatment predictors of outcome in anorexia nervosa. Br J Psychiatry 1979;134:718 (Description of prognostic variables in 81 patients) Hsu LKG. Outcome of anorexia nervosa. A review of the literature (1954 to 1978). Arch Gen Psychiatry 1980;37:1041-6 (Overview summary of research on outcome) Hsu LKG, Crisp AH, Harding B. Outcome of anorexia nervosa. Lancet 1979;1:61-5 (4-8 year follow-up of 100 patients; discussion of prognosis, predictive factors) Rollins N, Piazza E. Anorexia nervosa. A quantitative approach to follow-up. J Am Acad Child Psychiatry 1981;20(1):167-83 (Follow-up of 56 patients, 35 in detail, identifying predictors of outcome) Schwartz DM, Thompson MG. Do anorectics get well? Current research and future needs. Am J Psychiatry 1981;138(3):31923 (Critical review of 12 recent major outcome studies; recommendations for future research) Sturzenberger S, Cantwell DP, Burroughs J, et al. A follow-up study of adolescent psychiatric inpatients with anorexia nervosa. 1. The assessment of outcome. J Am Acad Child Psychiatry 1977;16(4):703-15 (Study of 26 formerly anorectic patients) Swift WJ. The long-term outcome of early onset anorexia nervosa. J Am Acad Child Psychiatry 1982;21(1):38-46 (Critique of seven outcome studies suggesting that early onset does not necessarily imply better prognosis)
TREATMENT
Bruch H. Perils of behavior modification in treatment of anorexia nervosa. J Am Med Assoc 1974;230(10):1419-22 (Cautionary comments, case examples) Cohler BJ. The significance of the therapist's feelings in the treatment of anorexia nervosa. In: Feinstein S, Giovacchini P. Adolescent psychiatry. Developmental and clinical studies, vol. V. New York: Jason Aronson, 1977;352-84 (Discussion of issues in psychotherapy illustrated by case) Fishman HC. Family considerations in liaison psychiatry. A structural family approach to anorexia nervosa in adults. Psychiatr Clin N Am 1979;2(2):249-63 (Description of model with application in two cases) Galdston R. Mind over matter. Observations on 50 patients hospitalized with anorexia nervosa. J Am Acad Child Psychiatry 1974;13:246-63 (Report of mental status, ward behavior, psychodynamics, treatment of patients ages 8-16 years) Garfinkel PE, Garner DM, Moldofsky H. The role of behavior modification in the treatment of anorexia nervosa. J Pediatr Psychol 1977;2(3):113-21 (Discussion of etiologic variables; review of numerous studies and proposed behavioral approaches) Halmi KA, Larson L. Behavior therapy in anorexia nervosa. In: Feinstein S, Giovacchini P. Adolescent psychiatry. Developmental and clinical studies, vol. V. New York: Jason Aronson, 1977:323-51 (Review of methodology, results with 11 adolescents, 18 adults treated with and nine adolescents, six adults treated without behavior therapy; case examples of each) Halmi KA, Powers P, Cunningham S. Treatment of anorexia nervosa with behavior modification. Effectiveness of formula feeding and isolation. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1975;32:93-6 (Report of successful results with eight patients) Lagos JM. Family therapy in the treatment of anorexia nervosa: theory and technique. Int J Psychiatry Med 1981-82;11(3):291302 (Review of specific approach) Liebman R, Minuchin S, Baker L. The role of the family in the
March 1983
treatment of anorexia nervosa. J Am Acad Child Psychiatry 1974;13:264-74 (Case illustration of family approach) Lucas AR, Duncan JW, Piens V. The treatment of anorexia nervosa. Am J Psychiatry 1976;133(9):1034-8 (Results in 32 severe cases treated with hospitalization) Maxmen JS, Siberfarb PM, Ferrell RB. Anorexia nervosa. Practical initial management in a general hospital. Am Med Assoc 1974;229(7):801-3 (Description of treatment approach focusing only on weight gain; results with six patients) Minuchin S, Rosman BL, Baker L. Psychosomatic families. Anorexia nervosa in context. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1978 (Extended presentation of new theory of psychosomatic disease, drawing examples from clinical work with anorexia; emphasis on impact of family system on adolescent psychosocial development) Palazzoli MS. Self-starvation. From individual to family therapy in the treatment of anorexia nervosa. New York: Jason Aronson, 1974 (See review, this issue) Rose J, Garfinkel PE. A parents' group in the management of anorexia nervosa. Can J Psychiatry 1980;25:228-33 (Description of group formation, process, outcome) Rosman BL, Minuchin S, Liebman R, et al. Input and outcome of family therapy in anorexia nervosa. In: Feinstein S, Giovacchini P. Adolescent psychiatry. Developmental and clinical studies, vol. V. New York: Jason Aronson, 1977:313-22 (Description of development and application of family therapy model)
73
Silverman JA. Anorexia nervosa: Clinical observations in a successful treatment plan. J Pediatr 1974;84(1):68-73 (Medical and psychosocial profile of 29 patients; description of management, results) Stern S, Whitaker CA, Hagemann N, et al. Anorexia nervosa: The hospital's role in family treatment. Fam Process 1981;20(4):395-408 (Proposed model utilizing entire team to "parent" the anorexia family; case example)
REFERENCES FOR ADOLESCENTS, PARENTS, TEACHERS Bruch H. The golden cage. The enigma of anorexia nervosa. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1978 (Discussion of all aspects of disorder using composite case history based on experience with 70 patients) Crisp AH. Anorexia nervosa. Let me be. New York: Grune & Stratton, 1980 (See review, this issue) Hautzig D. Second star to the right. New York: Greenwillow, 1981 (Novel about 14-year-old girl with anorexia, describing individual and family responses; written for young adolescents) Levenkron S. The best little girl in the world. New York: Contemporary Books, 1978 (See review, this issue) Levenkron S. Treating and overcoming anorexia nervosa. New York: Charles Scribner's, 1982 (See review, this issue) Liu A. Solitaire. New York: Harper & Row, 1980 (See review, this issue)
ANOREXIA NERVOSA: SELECTED REFERENCES
GENERAL Bruch H. Eating disorders. Obesity, anorexia nervosa, and the person within. New York: Basic Books, 1973 (Classic work presenting a theory of eating disorders, their manifestations and management; section on anorexia, based on experience with 70 patients, includes history, review of literature, atypical forms) Bruch H. Anorexia nervosa. In: Feinstein S, Giovacchini P. Adolescent psychiatry. Developmental and clinical studies, vol. V. New York: Jason Aronson, 1977:293-303 (Overview of the clinical aspects, management) Bruch H. Anorexia nervosa in adolescence. In: Gallagher JR, Heald FP, Garell DC, eds. Medical Care of the Adolescent. 3rd ed. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1976;251-9 (Excellent review of clinical manifestations, pathophysiology with brief comments on various treatments) Bruch H. Anorexia nervosa and its treatment. J Pediatr Psychol 1977;2(3):110-2 (Brief overview of all aspects) Crisp AH, Palmer RL, Kalucy RS. How common is anorexia nervosa? A prevalence study. Br J Psychiatry 1976;128:549-54 (Survey of 12,400 British schoolgirls finding common occurrence and suggesting increasing incidence) Dally P, Gomez J, Isaacs AJ. Anorexia nervosa. Chicago: Year Books, 1980 (Text covering all aspects--riot available for review) Garfinkel PE, Garner DM. Anorexia nervosa: A multidimensional perspective. New York: Brunner/Mazel, 1982 (See review, this issue) Halmi KA. Anorexia nervosa: demographic and clinical features in 94 cases. Psychosom Med 1974;36(1):18-26 (Comprehensive chart study covering 50 years with focus on premorbid characteristics, precipitating events) Halmi KA. The diagnosis and treatment of anorexia nervosa. In: Zales MR, ed. Eating, sleeping, and sexuality. Treatment of disorders in basic life functions. New York: Brunner/Mazel, 1982:43-58 (Overview of disorder, two detailed cases) Klibanski A. Anorexia nervosa. Primary Care 1981;8(1):19-31 (Review including clinical features, diagnosis, physiologic mechanisms; two case examples) Lester EP, ed. Symposium: Anorexia nervosa and obesity--recent developments. Can J Psychiatry 1981;26(4):211-35 (Selected papers on developmental aspects, pathogenesis, body image, therapeutic outcome) Lucas AR. Toward the understanding of anorexia nervosa as a disease entity. Mayo Clin Proc 1981;56(4)254-64 (Review of historical development of theories and knowledge about pathophysiology and treatment as a biopsychosocial disorder) Munson SW, Hoekelman RA. Anorexia nervosa. In: Shen JTY, ed. The clinical practice of adolescent medicine. New York: Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1980:196-204 (Overview of clinical aspects, management) Pyle RL, Mitchell JE, Eckert ED. Bulimia: a report of 34 cases. J Clin Psychiatry 1981;42(2):60-4 (Survey of demographic variables, eating patterns, medical complications; patients over age 20 but with onset at ages 11-22 years) Russell G. Bulimia nervosa: an ominous variant of anorexia nervosa. Psychol Med 1979;9:429-48 (Extensive review based on prospective study of 30 patients ages 13-35 years; theoretical model) Schwabe AD, Lippe BM, Chang RJ, et al. Anorexia nervosa. Ann
70 0197-0070/83f010070+ 04503.00
Intern Med 1981;94(3):371-81 (Summary of UCLA conference reviewing clinical features, laboratory findings, nutritional aspects, psychological aspects) Sours JA. Anorexia nervosa: Nosology, diagnosis, developmental patterns, and power-control dynamics. In: Caplan G, Lebovici S. Adolescence: Psychosocial perspectives. New York: Basic Books, 1969:185-212 (Review of history, diagnosis, pathophysiology, with emphasis on psychodevelopmental aspects) Sours JA. Starving to death in a sea of objects. The anorexia nervosa syndrome. New York: Jason Aronson, 1980 (See review, this issue) Sweeney DR, ed. Anorexia nervosa: recent developments. Int J Psychiatry Med 1981-82;11(3):193-302 (Symposium with papers on pathophysiology, diagnosis, neuropsychiatry, family therapy) Theander S. Anorexia nervosa. A psychiatric investigation of 94 female cases. Acta Psychiatr Scand (Suppl) 1970;214:1-194 (Extensive study by chart review and follow-up of numerous aspects; 20 brief case illustrations) Ushakov G. Anorexia nervosa. In: Howells JG, ed. Modern perspectives in adolescent psychiatry, vol. IV. New York: Brunner/Mazel, 1971;274-89 (Review of history, precursors, symptoms, prognosis, treatment based on literature up to 1961) Vigersky R, ed. Anorexia nervosa. New York: Raven Press, 1977 (Collected papers from first multidisciplinary conference on anorexia nervosa sponsored by National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; major focus on neuroendocrinologic aspects, physiologic complications, medical management but with review papers on psychosocial antecedents, manifestations, and treatments; emphasis on research needs) MEDICAL--PHYSIOLOGICAL Baker L, Lyen KR. Anorexia nervosa. In: Winick M, ed. Adolescent nutrition. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1981;139-49 (Review of medical aspects, malnutrition, nutritional therapy) Boyar RM. Endocrine changes in anorexia nervosa. Med Clin N Am 1978;62(2):297-303 (Review of effects on cortisol, gonadotropins, estrogen) Boyar RM, Hellman LD, Roffwarg H, et al. Cortisol secretion and metabolism in anorexia nervosa. N Engl J Med 1977;296(4):1903 (Study of 10 patients, six controls) Boyar RM, Katz J, Finkelstein JW, et al. Anorexia nervosa. Immaturity of the 24-hour luteinizing hormone secretory pattern. N Engl J Med 1974;291(17):861-5 (Study of nine young women showing age-inappropriate patterns comparable with early puberty) Crisp AH, Stonchill E. Relationship between aspects of nutritional disturbance and menstrual activity in primary anorexia. Br Med J 1971;3:149-151 (Survey of 54 patients seen over 10 years relating body weight to menstrual patterns) Eisenberg E. Toward an understanding of reproductive function in anorexia nervosa. Fertil Steril 1981;36(5):543-50 (Review of current concepts of hypothalamic physiology, reproductive consequences of anorexia, rationale for intervention) Halmi KA, Sherman BM. Gonadotropin response to LH-RH in anorexia nervosa. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1975;32:875-8 (Endocrine profiles of nine patients documenting primary hypothalamic dysfunction)
© Society for Adolescent Medicine, 1983 Published by Elsevier Science Publishing Co., Inc., 52 Vanderbilt Ave., New York, NY 10017
March 1983
Jeuniewic N, Brown GM, Garfinkel PE, et al. Hypothalamic function as related to body weight and body fat in anorexia nervosa. Psychosom Med 1978;40(3):187-98 (Relationship of percent body fat and weight loss to LH in 15 patients; response to induction of LH in seven patients) Marshall JC, Fraser TR. Amenorrhea in anorexia nervosa: assessment and treatment with clomiphene citrate. Br Med J 1971;4:590-2 (Study of seven patients, suggesting hypothalamic dysfunction) Marshall JC, Kelch RP. Low dose pulsatile gonadotropin-releasing hormone in anorexia nervosa: a model of human pubertal development. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1979;49(5):712-8(Study of three patients demonstrating changing responsiveness with improvement, comparable to pubertal progression) Mawson AR. Anorexia nervosa and the regulation of intake. Psychol Med 1974;4:289-308 (Extensive review of epidemiology and relationship with hunger mechanism, gastrointestinal physiology; clinical rationale for treatment) Nillius SJ, Fries H, Wide L. Successful induction of follicular maturation and ovulation by prolonged treatment with LH-releasing hormone in women with anorexia nervosa. Am J Obstet GynecoI 1975;122:921-8 (Detailed study of four patients) Sours JA, Vorhaus LJ. Superior mesenteric artery syndrome in anorexia nervosa: a case report. Am J Psychiatry 1981;138(4):51920 (17-year-old patient, demonstrating complicating physical factor) Travaglini P, Beck-Peccoz P, Ferrari C, et al. Some aspects of hypothalamic-pituitaryfunction in patients with anorexia nervosa. Acta Endocrinol 1976;81:252-62 (Studies of thyroid, prolactin, gonadotropin function in 17 patients) Vigersky RA, Andersen AE, Thompson RH, et al. Hypothalamic dysfunction in secondary amenorrhea associated with simple weight loss. N Engl J Med 1977;297(21):1141-5 (Comparison of 19 patients without and 29 patients with anorexia nervosa, defining role of starvation in endocrine dysfunction) Vigersky RA, Loriaux DL, Andersen AE, et al. Anorexia nervosa: behavioral and hypothalamic aspects. Clin Endocrinol Metab 1975;5(2):517-35 (Review of diagnostic approach, evaluation of endocrine axes) Wakeling A, DeSouza VA, Beardwood CJ. Assessment of the negative and positive feedback effects of administered oestrogen on gonadotrophin release in patients with anorexia nervosa. Psychol Med 1977;7:397-405(Study of 19 patients showing return of normal endocrine axis function but continued impairment of hypothalamic responsiveness) Wakeling A, DeSouza VFA, Gore MBR, et al. Amenorrhea, body weight, and serum hormone concentrations, with particular reference to prolactin and thyroid hormones in anorexia nervosa. Psychol Med 1979;9:265-72 (Study of 20 women during regain of weight, relating amenorrhea to endocrine axis dysfunction) Walsh BT. The endocrinology of anorexia nervosa. Psychiatr Clin N Am 1980;3(2):299-312 (Extensive review of normal thyroid, adrenal, and gonadal axes and dysfunctions with anorexia) Walsh BT, Katz JL, Levin J, et al. Adrenal activity in anorexia nervosa. Psychosom Med 1978;40(6):499-506 (Study of 19 patients suggesting altered adrenal regulation secondary to psychobiological disturbance as well as malnutrition) Warren MP, Vande Wiele RL. Clinical and metabolic features of anorexia nervosa. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1973;117:435-49(Study of 42 patients ages 10-26 years, outlining organic abnormalities) PSYCHOSOCIAL
Beumont PJV, Abraham SF, Simpson KG. The psychosexual histories of adolescent girls and young women with anorexia nervosa. Psychol Med 1981;11(1):131-40 (Survey of sexual knowledge, attitudes, behaviors in 31 patients, showing broad spectrum with distinction between dieters and vomiter-purgers) Beumont PJV, George GCW, Smart DE "Dieters" and "vomiters and purgers" in anorexia nervosa. Psychol Med 1976;6:617-
71
22 (Retrospective chart review of 31 patients describing differences in personalities, prognosis) Bruch H. Developmental considerations of anorexia nervosa and obesity. Can J Psychiatry 1981;26(4):212-6(Review of classical clinical syndrome, common features of a spectrum of eating disorders; proposed psychodynamic model) Button EJ, Whitehouse A. Subclinical anorexia nervosa. Psychol Med 1981;11:509-16 (Eating attitudes screening of 578 college students finding 6% with subclinical anorexia; implications for early detection, prevention; brief examples) Cantwell DP, Sturzenberger S, Burroughs J, et al. Anorexia nervosa. An affective disorder? Arch Gen Psychiatry 1977;34:108793 (Longitudinal study of 26 patients suggesting strong interrelationship of anorexia and primary affective disorder) Casper RC, Offer D, Ostrov E. The self-image of adolescents with acute anorexia nervosa. J Pediatr 1981;98(4):656-61 (Profile derived from Offer Self-Image Questionaire; comparative adjustment and prognosis of younger and older patients) Crisp AH. Anorexia nervosa at normal body weight! The abnormal-normal weight control syndrome. Int J Psychiatry Med 1981-82;11(3):203-33 (Biological-sociological-psychological aspects, evolution, treatment of this specific eating disorder, compared and contrasted with classic anorexia and obesity; case examples) Ehrensing RH, Weitzman EL. The mother-daughter relationship in anorexia nervosa. Psychosom Med 1970;32(2):201-8(Report of mother, daughter with anorexia admitted 24 years apart; discussion of role of disturbed mother-daughter relationship in ego development) Garfinkel PE. Some recent observations on the pathogenesis of anorexia nervosa. Can J Psychiatry 1981;26(4):218-23(Review of recent considerations in classification, differentiation of subgroups) Garfinkel PE, Moldofsky H, Garner DM, et al. Body awareness in anorexia nervosa: disturbances in "body image" and "satiety." Psychosom Med 1978;40(6):487-98 (Controlled study of 26 patients detecting abnormal visual self-perceptions in some, not all) Garner DM. Body image in anorexia nervosa. Can J Psychiatry 1981;26(4):224-7(Critical review of studies using specific techniques to measure self-image) Garner DM, Garfinkel PE. Socio-cultural factors in the development of anorexia nervosa. Psychol Med 1980;10:647-56 (Survey of eating attitudes of 183 dance and 56 modeling students; identification of possible risk factors for anorexia) Garner DM, Garfinkel PE, Moldofsky H. Perceptual experiences in anorexia nervosa and obesity. Can Psychiatr Assoc J 1978;23:249-63 (Review of recent research supporting unified psychodynamic theory of eating disorders) Garner DM, Garfinkel PE, Stancer HC, et al. Body image disturbances in anorexia nervosa and obesity. Psychosom Med 1976;38(5):327-36 (Comparison study proposing body image distortion as unifying feature of eating disorders) Goodsitt A. Narcissistic disturbances in anorexia nervosa. In: Feinstein S, Giovacchini P. Adolescent psychiatry. Developmental and clinical studies, vol. V. New York: Jason Aronson, 1977;304-12 (Psychoanalytic perspective, case report) Halmi KA, Casper RC, Eckert ED, et al. Unique features associated with age of onset of anorexia nervosa. Psychiatr Res 1979;1:209-15 (Relationship of age of onset and personality characteristics in 105 patients suggesting worse prognosis with increasing age) Irwin M. Diagnosis of anorexia nervosa in children and the validity of DSM-III. Am J Psychiatry 1981;138(10):1382-3 (Retrospective study of 13 young patients with seven not meeting criteria; suggested revision to permit earlier diagnosis) Kalucy RS, Crisp AH, Harding B. A study of 56 families with anorexia nervosa. Br J Med Psychol 1977;50:381-95 (Observations of social class, parental weights, parental sexual adjustment, family characteristics) McAnarney ER, Hoekelman R.A. Conflicted adolescent premarital
72
ANOREXIA NERVOSA: SELECTED REFERENCES
intercourse. An antecedent of mild anorexia nervosa? Clin Pediatr 1979;18(6):340-2 (Two case reports with implications for early diagnosis of anorexia) Mogul SL. Asceticism in adolescence and anorexia nervosa. Psychoanal Study Child 1980;35:155-75 (Review of adolescent development tasks in anorexia with cross-cultural perspectives, suggestions for psychotherapy) Rollins N, Piazza E. Diagnosis of anorexia nervosa. A critical reappraisal. J AmAcad Child Psychiatry 1978;17:126-37 (Critical review of diagnostic criteria, urging less stringent application to permit earlier diagnosis) Sours JA. Depression and the anorexia syndrome. Psychiatr Clin N Am 1981;4(1):145-58 (Case report of 13-year-old girl; review of interaction) Strober M. The relation of personality characteristics to body image disturbances in juvenile anorexia nervosa: A multivariate analysis. Psychosom Med 1981;43(4):323-30 (Study of 65 female adolescent patients demonstrating heterogeneity of syndrome) Strober M, Goldenberg I, Green J, et al. Body image disturbance in anorexia nervosa during the acute and recuperative phase. Psychol Med 1979;9:695-701 (Controlled study of 18 adolescent patients defining vulnerability to maturational conflicts) Wilbur CJ, Colligan RC. Psychologic and behavioral correlates of anorexia nervosa. J Dev Behav Pediatr 1981;2(3):89-92 (Psychometric data from 34 anorexic and 68 nonpsychotic psychiatrically ill adolescents) Yager J. Family issues in the pathogenesis of anorexia nervosa. Psychosom Med 1982;44(1):43-60 (Review of literature on familial transmission, family stress patterns, family systems) MALE ANOREXICS
Beumont PJV, Beardwood CJ, Russell GFM. The occurrence of the syndrome of anorexia nervosa in male subjects. Psychol Med 1972;2:216-31 (Extensive reports of six patients, including endocrinological studies; review of literature with summary of 25 previous cases; several aspects compared with female patients) Bruch H. Anorexia nervosa in the male. Psychosom Med 1971;33(1)31-47 (Report of nine patients studied over 25 years: five primary, four atypical) Crisp AH, Toms DA. Primary anorexia nervosa or weight phobia in the male: Report on 13 cases. Br Med J 1972;1:334-8 (Detailed report of patients ages 14-46 years) Hay GG, Leonard JC. Anorexia nervosa in males. Lancet 1979;2:5745 (Brief report of five patients) Hogan WM, Huerta E, Lucas AR. Diagnosing anorexia nervosa in males. Psychosomatics 1974;15(3):122-6 (Review of diagnostic criteria; application to 13 cases ages 11-20 years) Smith NJ. Excessive weight loss and food aversion in athletes simulating anorexia nervosa. Pediatrics 1980;66(1):139-42 (Editorial comment on problems of weight loss in male athletes; case example; suggestions for prevention, management) Sreenivasan U. Anorexia nervosa in boys. Can Psychiatr Assoc J 1978;23:159-62 (Report of three patients) Taipale V, Larkio-Miettinen K, Valanne EH, et al. Anorexia nervosa in boys. Psychosomatics 1972;13:236-40 (Report of five patients with follow-up of four) PROGNOSIS
Bruch H. Death in anorexia nervosa. Psychosom Med 1971;33(2):135-44 (Detailed report of four cases in series of 64; deaths at ages 14, 16, 22, 33 years) Casper RC, Davis JM. On the course of anorexia nervosa. Am J Psychiatry 1977;134(9):974-7 (Follow-up of 30 patients comparing anorexia with starvation) Crisp AH. Therapeutic outcome in anorexia nervosa. Can J Psychiatry 1981;26(4):232-4 (4-7 year follow-up of 100 patients supporting value of specific therapy approach)
JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH CARE Vol. 4, No. 1
Goetz PL, Succop RA, Reinhart JB, et al. Anorexia nervosa in children: a follow-up study. Am J Orthopsychiatry 1977;47(4):597-603 (Follow-up at 5 and 20 years of 30 patients, relating prognosis to underlying personality type) Halmi K, Brodland G, Loney J. Prognosis in anorexia nervosa. Ann Intern Med 1973;78:907-9 (Study of 42 patients identifying prognostic factors) Halmi KA, Goldberg SC, Casper RC, et al. Pretreatment predictors of outcome in anorexia nervosa. Br J Psychiatry 1979;134:718 (Description of prognostic variables in 81 patients) Hsu LKG. Outcome of anorexia nervosa. A review of the literature (1954 to 1978). Arch Gen Psychiatry 1980;37:1041-6 (Overview summary of research on outcome) Hsu LKG, Crisp AH, Harding B. Outcome of anorexia nervosa. Lancet 1979;1:61-5 (4-8 year follow-up of 100 patients; discussion of prognosis, predictive factors) Rollins N, Piazza E. Anorexia nervosa. A quantitative approach to follow-up. J Am Acad Child Psychiatry 1981;20(1):167-83 (Follow-up of 56 patients, 35 in detail, identifying predictors of outcome) Schwartz DM, Thompson MG. Do anorectics get well? Current research and future needs. Am J Psychiatry 1981;138(3):31923 (Critical review of 12 recent major outcome studies; recommendations for future research) Sturzenberger S, Cantwell DP, Burroughs J, et al. A follow-up study of adolescent psychiatric inpatients with anorexia nervosa. 1. The assessment of outcome. J Am Acad Child Psychiatry 1977;16(4):703-15 (Study of 26 formerly anorectic patients) Swift WJ. The long-term outcome of early onset anorexia nervosa. J Am Acad Child Psychiatry 1982;21(1):38-46 (Critique of seven outcome studies suggesting that early onset does not necessarily imply better prognosis)
TREATMENT
Bruch H. Perils of behavior modification in treatment of anorexia nervosa. J Am Med Assoc 1974;230(10):1419-22 (Cautionary comments, case examples) Cohler BJ. The significance of the therapist's feelings in the treatment of anorexia nervosa. In: Feinstein S, Giovacchini P. Adolescent psychiatry. Developmental and clinical studies, vol. V. New York: Jason Aronson, 1977;352-84 (Discussion of issues in psychotherapy illustrated by case) Fishman HC. Family considerations in liaison psychiatry. A structural family approach to anorexia nervosa in adults. Psychiatr Clin N Am 1979;2(2):249-63 (Description of model with application in two cases) Galdston R. Mind over matter. Observations on 50 patients hospitalized with anorexia nervosa. J Am Acad Child Psychiatry 1974;13:246-63 (Report of mental status, ward behavior, psychodynamics, treatment of patients ages 8-16 years) Garfinkel PE, Garner DM, Moldofsky H. The role of behavior modification in the treatment of anorexia nervosa. J Pediatr Psychol 1977;2(3):113-21 (Discussion of etiologic variables; review of numerous studies and proposed behavioral approaches) Halmi KA, Larson L. Behavior therapy in anorexia nervosa. In: Feinstein S, Giovacchini P. Adolescent psychiatry. Developmental and clinical studies, vol. V. New York: Jason Aronson, 1977:323-51 (Review of methodology, results with 11 adolescents, 18 adults treated with and nine adolescents, six adults treated without behavior therapy; case examples of each) Halmi KA, Powers P, Cunningham S. Treatment of anorexia nervosa with behavior modification. Effectiveness of formula feeding and isolation. Arch Gen Psychiatry 1975;32:93-6 (Report of successful results with eight patients) Lagos JM. Family therapy in the treatment of anorexia nervosa: theory and technique. Int J Psychiatry Med 1981-82;11(3):291302 (Review of specific approach) Liebman R, Minuchin S, Baker L. The role of the family in the
March 1983
treatment of anorexia nervosa. J Am Acad Child Psychiatry 1974;13:264-74 (Case illustration of family approach) Lucas AR, Duncan JW, Piens V. The treatment of anorexia nervosa. Am J Psychiatry 1976;133(9):1034-8 (Results in 32 severe cases treated with hospitalization) Maxmen JS, Siberfarb PM, Ferrell RB. Anorexia nervosa. Practical initial management in a general hospital. Am Med Assoc 1974;229(7):801-3 (Description of treatment approach focusing only on weight gain; results with six patients) Minuchin S, Rosman BL, Baker L. Psychosomatic families. Anorexia nervosa in context. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1978 (Extended presentation of new theory of psychosomatic disease, drawing examples from clinical work with anorexia; emphasis on impact of family system on adolescent psychosocial development) Palazzoli MS. Self-starvation. From individual to family therapy in the treatment of anorexia nervosa. New York: Jason Aronson, 1974 (See review, this issue) Rose J, Garfinkel PE. A parents' group in the management of anorexia nervosa. Can J Psychiatry 1980;25:228-33 (Description of group formation, process, outcome) Rosman BL, Minuchin S, Liebman R, et al. Input and outcome of family therapy in anorexia nervosa. In: Feinstein S, Giovacchini P. Adolescent psychiatry. Developmental and clinical studies, vol. V. New York: Jason Aronson, 1977:313-22 (Description of development and application of family therapy model)
73
Silverman JA. Anorexia nervosa: Clinical observations in a successful treatment plan. J Pediatr 1974;84(1):68-73 (Medical and psychosocial profile of 29 patients; description of management, results) Stern S, Whitaker CA, Hagemann N, et al. Anorexia nervosa: The hospital's role in family treatment. Fam Process 1981;20(4):395-408 (Proposed model utilizing entire team to "parent" the anorexia family; case example)
REFERENCES FOR ADOLESCENTS, PARENTS, TEACHERS Bruch H. The golden cage. The enigma of anorexia nervosa. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1978 (Discussion of all aspects of disorder using composite case history based on experience with 70 patients) Crisp AH. Anorexia nervosa. Let me be. New York: Grune & Stratton, 1980 (See review, this issue) Hautzig D. Second star to the right. New York: Greenwillow, 1981 (Novel about 14-year-old girl with anorexia, describing individual and family responses; written for young adolescents) Levenkron S. The best little girl in the world. New York: Contemporary Books, 1978 (See review, this issue) Levenkron S. Treating and overcoming anorexia nervosa. New York: Charles Scribner's, 1982 (See review, this issue) Liu A. Solitaire. New York: Harper & Row, 1980 (See review, this issue)