Anthostomella longa sp. nov. and note on other species on monocots from Hong Kong

Cryptogamie, Mycol., 2000, 21 (4): 207-214

207

0 2000 Adac&ditions scientifiques et medicales Elsevier SAS. Tous droits reserves S0181158400010496/FLA

Anthostomek

Zonga sp. nov. and note on other species on monocots from Hong Kong Bing-Sheng LU* & Kevin D. HYDE

Centrefor Researchin Fungal Diversity, Department of Ecology and Biodiversity, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfidam Road, Hong Kong; (Received December 1999, accepted September2000)

Abstract - The species of Anthostomellapreviously reported from Hong Kong by Hyde, Hyde, Friihlich & Taylor, Frijhlich & Hyde, and Lu & Hyde have been examined. Of nine species, Anthostomellazongluensisdescribed by Hyde was the only new species, while others are new records. Three new collections resulted in Anthostomellalonga sp. nov. being found on Bambusa sp. This taxon is illustrated with interference light micrographs and compared to other similar taxa. The species of Anthostomellaknown from Hong Kong are tabulated and a key to them is also provided. 0 2000 Adac / Editions scientifiques et mtdicales Elsevier SAS

AnthostomellaI Hong Kong I new records I new species I Xylariaceae

INTRODUCTION Speciesof Anthostomella and related genera recorded from Hong Kong have been examined. Anthostomella zongluensis K.D. Hyde is the only new species,while others are new records to Hong Kong. One taxon from Pandanus collected recently in Hong Kong hasbeen found to be a new Anthostomella species.Therefore, Anthostomella Zonga B.S. Lu, T.U. Dalisay & K.D. Hyde sp. nov. are described and illustrated. Descriptions of Anthostomella bromeliaceae,A. contaminans,A. eructans, A. rehmii and A. sepelibilis are also given. A tabulated list of Anthostomella speciesknown from Hong Kong and a key to these speciesare provided.

MATERIAL

AND METHODS

Type specimensexamined in this study were loanedfrom BRIP, CUP, HKU(M), IMI, NY, PC, and S. Specimenscollected on bamboo and Pandanusin Hong Kong were incubated in plastic boxes, lined with moistenedtissue, and periodically examined for fungi. Slides of ascospores,asci and sectionsof ascomatawere mounted with distilled water for observation, microphotography and measurement.Ascal rings were stainedwith Melzer’s solution. Sections of ascomatawere made on a Cryotome and mounted with 0. C. T. Compound. * Correspondence

and reprints:

[email protected]

208

B.-S. Lu & K.D. Hyde

Numerous attempts were made to isolate speciesof Anthostamella from fresh specimensin Hong Kong with no success.It is obvious that ascosporesof Anthostomella are difficult to germinate, and further studiesare neededto solve this problem.

TAXONOMY Key to the speciesof Anthostomella known from Hong Kong 1. Ascospores with a hyaline dwarf cell.. ...................................................................... 2 1. Ascosporeslacking a dwarf cell ................................................................................ 4 2. Ascospores wider than 7.5 pm. 16.5-l 9 x 7.5-9 pm, ellipsoidal to ellipsoidal with one side flattened.. ............................................. A. rehrnii (Thiimen, 1877) 2. Ascospores narrower than 7.5 pm.. .................................................................... 3 3. Ascospores 12-16.5 x 5-7.5 pm, inequilaterally ellipsoidal. A. sepelibilis (Berkeley & Curtis, 1876; Saccardo, 1882) 3. Ascospores 14.5-19 x 6.5-7.5 pm, ellipsoidal....... A. frondida (Hyde et al., 1998) 4. Asci lacking an apical apparatus; ascospores1I .5-14 x 5-7 pm, ellipsoidal, germ slit straight.. ......................................................... A. wuctans (This paper) 4. Asci with a J + subapicalring.. .......................................................................... 5 5. Ascal ring wedge-shaped............................................................................................ 6 7 5. Ascal ring discoid.. ..................................................................................................... 6. Asci with rounded apex; ascospores14-18 x 4-5 pm, oblong-ellipsoidal with ends tapering .................................... A. bromeliaceae(Rehm. 1907; this paper) 6. Asci with a slightly truncate apex; ascospores16.5-20 x 5.5-6.5 x 4-5 pm, inequilaterally oblong-ellipsoidal, with one side flattened and ends tapering, brown ................................................................................. A. lorzgtr (This paper) Ascosporesellipsoidal with sidessomewhatparallel.. .............................................. 8 Ascosporessidesnot parallel .................................................................................... 9 8. Ascospores11.5-l 6.5 x 5.5-7 pm, verrucose- and thick-walled, lacking a germ slit ........................................................................... A. zongluerzsis(Hyde, 1996) 8. Ascospores 14.5-19.5 x 7.5-10 x 5-6.5 pm, smooth- and thin-walled, with a straight germ slit.. .................. A. jhzgrllariae (Rehm, 1814; Lu & Hyde, 1999) Ascospores 11.5-1.5.5x 4.5-6.5 pm, inequilaterally ellipsoidal with one side flattcned ........................................................ A. cnntaminuns(Saccardo, 1881; this paper) Ascospores 17.5-24 x 5.5-7.5 x 44.5 pm, oblong-ellipsoidal with one side flattened and ends tapering ................................... A. uniseriatn (Friihlich & Hyde. 1999) Anthostomella Zonga B. S. Lu, T. U. Dalisay & K. D. Hyde, sp. nov. Figs l-9 Etym: from the Latin longa in reference to long ascospores. Ascomata immersa, 320-550 pm diam., 400460 pm alta, globosa, ostiolata, clypeata. Asci 120-I 67.5 x 9-11.5 pm, apparato subapicaleiodo cylindraceus, 2-2.5 pm diam., 34.5 pm alto praediti. Ascosporae 16.5-20 x 5.5-6.5 x 4-5 pm, inaequilatcraliter oblong-ellipsoideae, utrinque acuminatae,fissuro germen directus. Holotypus: HKU(M) 73 11. Ascomata immersed, visible as blackened, raised and rounded areas,clustered or mostly solitary (Fig. 1); in vertical section 420-550 pm (X = 498.8 pm, n = 8) diam., 400-460 pm (X = 438.8 pm, n = 8) high, black, coriaceous, globose, with a central, periphysate ostiolar canal, 30-50 pm (X = 37.5 pm, n = 6) diam., 80-l 10 pm (X = 95 pm, n = 6) high (Fig. 2). Clypeus black, 80-100 pm (X = 90 pm, n = 8) thick near the neck,

The species of Anthostomellaon

monocots from Hong Kong

209

Figs 1-9. - Anthostomella longa (from holotype). 1: Appearance of ascomata on the host surface (arrowed). 2: Section of ascoma. Notes black clypeus. 3: Peridium. Notes comprising several layers of compressed cells, walls hyaline at the inside, and dark brown and thick-walled towards the outside. 4: Paraphyses. 5, 6: Asci. Note J + cylindrical subapical ring (arrowed in 5). 7-9: Ascospores. Note hyaline mucilaginous sheath and indistinct straight germ slit. Hars 1 = 500 pm, 2=100pm,3=20pm,4-9=10pm.

210

B.-S. Lu & K.D. Hyde

400-500 pm (X = 437.5 pm, n = 8) diam., comprising host cells with dark intracellular fungal hyphae (Fig. 2). Peridium 22.5-32 urn (X = 26.1 pm, n = 8) wide, comprising several layers of compressed cells, walls hyaline at the inside, and dark brown and thick-walled towards the outside (Fig. 3). Paraphyses 4-5.5 urn (X = 4.8 pm, n = 10) wide at the base, hypha-like, flexuose, septate, numerous and embedded in a gelatinous matrix (Fig. 4). Asci 120-167.5 x 9911.5 pm (X = 149.5 x 10 pm, n = 20) g-spored, cylindrical, long-pedicellate, 25542.5 pm (X = 38.1 pm, n = IO), unitunicate, apically slightly truncate, with a J +, wedge-shaped, subapical ring, 2-2.5 pm (X = 2.4 pm, n = 10) diam., 2-2.5 pm (X = 2.1 pm, n = 10) high (Figs 5, 6). Ascospores 16.5-20 x 5.5-6.5 x 4-5 urn (X = 17.3 x 6 x 4.7 urn, n = 25), overlapping uniseriate, inequilaterally oblong-ellipsoidal with one side flatten and ends pointed, brown to pale-brown, unicellular, with two hyaline cap-like appendages at each end, smooth-walled, surrounded by a 2-2.5 pm (X = 2 pm, n = 10) hyaline mucilaginous sheath, germ slit straight. extending over the full length, indistinct (Figs 7-9). Known Known

distribution: Hong Kong, Philippines. host: Burnbz(sa (Gramineae). Material examined. Hong Kong: Tai PO Kau, on stem of bamboo, leg. K. D. Hyde, 3 August 1997, HKU(M) 73 11; Philippines, on dead culm of Bambusa sp., leg. T. U. Dalisay and F. Nono, September 1995, HKU(M) 8429 (isotype); ibid., HKU(M) 8493. Anthostomella longa differs from Anthostomellaflagellariae (Rehm) B. S. Lu & K. D Hyde. as ascospores in A. longa are inequilaterally oblong-ellipsoidal, with one side flattened and ends pointed, while those in A. jagellariae are ellipsoidal, with sides somewhat parallel (Material examined: Philippines, Los BaAos, Luzon, Laguna Province, on dead stem of Flagellaria indicae, 14 Feb. 1913, S. A. Reyes & C. F. Baker 1576b (S, holotype of Anthostoma jlagellariaej. Anthostomella longa differs from A. leptospora S. Francis as ascospores in A. longa are inequilaterally ellipsoidal, with one side flattened and ends tapering, while those in A. leptospora are ellipsoidal, with one side flattened and longu longer ends rounded. In addition, ascospores in A. are (16.5-20 x 5.5-6.5 x 4-5 pm, X = 17.3 x 6 x 4.7 pm), while those in A. leptosporu arc much shorter (11.5-14.5 x 5-6.5 pm, x = 13.3 x 5.5 pm) (Material examined: France, on Cladium mariscus, as A. tomicum (PAD, holotype of A. tomicum var. leptosporcr)). Anthostomella bromeliaceae Rehm, Annales Mycologici 5: 525. 1907. Ascomata immersed, visible as blackened, raised, rhomboid areas, ca. 1.l x 0.5 mm, brown, coriaceous, clustered or mostly solitary; in vertical section ca. 380 urn diam., 400 pm high, globose, with a central, periphysate ostiolar canal, ca. 25 urn diam., 100 pm high. Clypeus black, ca. 90 pm thick near the neck, 550 urn diam., comprising host cells with dark intracellular fungal hyphae. Peridium 25-3 1.5 pm wide, comprising several layers of compressed cells, walls hyaline at the inside, and brown and thick-walled towards the outside. Paraphyses 1.5-2.5 pm wide, filamcntous. flexuosc, septate, numerous and embedded in a gelatinous matrix. Asci 125-167.5 x 5-7.5 pm (X = 145 x 6.1 pm, n = IS), g-spored, cylindrical, short-pedicellate, unitunicate, apically rounded, with a J +, wedge-shaped, subapical ring, 2-2.5 urn (x = 2.4 urn, n = 10) diam., 1.5-2.5 urn (X = 1.9 urn, n = 10) high. Ascospores 14-l 8 x 4-5 urn (X = 15.7 x 4.2 pm, n = 2.5) uniseriate, oblong-ellipsoidal, with tapering ends, brown, unicellular, smoothwalled, lacking a mucilaginous sheath, germ slit straight. full length. Known Known

distribution: Brazil, Hong Kong. hosts: Bromelia (Bromeliaceae), Sinobambusa (Gramineae). Material examined: Brazil, Rio Grande do Sul, Sao Leopoldo, on leaves of Bromelia sp., July 1906, S.J. Rick 7 (S, holotype of Anthostomellu bromeliuceae); Hong

The species of Anthostomduon

monocots from Hong Kong

211

Kong, New Territories, Tai Lam Country Park, on Sinobambusatootsik, 9 August 1998, D.Q. Zhou (HKU(M) 9119, as Anthostomella bromeliaceae). Anthostomella contaminans (Durieu and Mont.) Sacc., Michelia 2: 313. 1881. = Sphaeria contaminansDurieu and Mont., Exploration Scientifique de 1’AlgCrie 1: 522. 1846. Ascomata immersed,visible as blackenedraisedareas,dark-brown, coriaceous, solitary; in vertical section ca. 200 pm diam., 180 pm high, subglobose,with a central periphysateostiolar canal, ca. 30 pm diam., 50 pm high. Clypeus black, ca. 380 pm diam., 30 pm high at the neck, comprising the host cells fusing with intracellular fungal hyphae. Peridium 17.5-27.5 pm wide, comprising several layers of compressedcells, walls hyaline at the inside, andbrown and thick-walled towards the outside. Paraphyses4-5 pm wide, filamentous, flexuose, hyaline, septate, numerous and embedded in a gelatinous matrix. Asci 87.5-95 x 10-l 1.5 pm (X = 92.1 x 10.4 pm), g-spored, cylindrical, pedicellate, unitunicate, apically rounded, with a J +, discoid, subapical ring, 2.5-4 pm (X = 3.3 pm, n = 10) diam., 0.5-l pm (X = 0.8 pm, n = 10) high. Ascospores 11.5-15.5 x 4.5-6.5 pm (X = 14.4 x 5.8 pm, n = 25), overlapping uniseriate, inequilaterally ellipsoidal, with one side flattened, brown, unicellular, smooth-walled, surrounded by a 1.5-2.5 pm wide mucilaginous sheath, germ slit straight, extending over the full length. Known distribution: Algeria, Hong Kong. Known hosts: Bambusa(Gramineae), Chamaerops(Palmae),Sinobambusa(Gramineae). Material examined: Algeria, on petioles of Chamaeropssp., ex herb. Montagne (PC, holotype of Sphaeria contaminans); ibid., slide ex herb. PC (IMI 180624, from holotype of Sphaeria contaminans); Hong Kong, New Territories, Tai PO Kau, on Bambusa chungii, 9 August 1998, D.Q. Zhou (HKU(M) 9135, as AnthostomeEZa contaminans);New Territories, Yuan Long, on Sinobambusatootsik, 18 June 1998, D.Q. Zhou (HKU(M) 8374, as Anthostomella contaminans). Anthostomellu eructans Ellis and Everh., Proceedings of the Rochester Academy of Science 1: 48. 1890. Ascomata immersed,visible asblackened, raisedareas,dark-brown, coriaceous, solitary or mostly clustered; in vertical section 570-760 pm diam., 520-650 pm high, globose, immersed beneath a protruding blackened ostiolar canal, 100-120 pm diam., 160-180 pm high. Clypeus 800-l 100 pm diam., 160-180 pm thick near the neck, black, comprising host cells with black intracellular fungal hyphae. Peridium 45-55 pm wide, comprising several layers of compressedcells, walls hyaline at the inside, and brown and thick-walled towards the outside. Paraphyses 2.54 pm wide, filamentous, flexuose, numerous and septate. Asci 85-105 x 7.5-9.5 pm (X = 94.4 x 8.6 pm, n = 5), g-spored, cylindrical, pedicellate, unitunicate, apically rounded, lacking any visible apical apparatus. Ascospores 11.5-14 x 5-7 pm (X = 12.5 x 5.7 pm, n = 20), uniseriate, ellipsoidal, brown, unicellular, smooth-walled, surroundedby a thin mucilaginous sheath,germ slit straight, extending over the full length, indistinct. Known distribution: Hong Kong, USA (New York). Known host: Bamboo (Gramineae). Material examined: Hong Kong, New Territories, Tai PO Kau, on stem of bamboo, 3 August 1997, K.D. Hyde (HKU(M) 7310, as AnthostomeElasp.); USA, New York, Lyndonville, on decorticated branch, May 1889, C.E. Fairman 42 (NY, holotype of Anthostomella eructans); ibid. (CUP, isotype of Anthostomella eructans).

212

B.-S.

AnthostomeZla rehmii (Thiim.) Augsburg 26: 95. 1881.

Lu & K.D.

Hyde

Sacc., Bericht

des Naturhistorischen

Vereins

in

= Ai~phisphaer~a rehmii Thiim., Mycotheca Universalis fzo. 464. 1876; Flora Jrna 60: 204. 1877. = Anthostoma rehmii (Thiim.) Cooke, Grevillea 17: 90. 1889. = Entosordaria rehmii (Thiim.) Hbhn., Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse. Abteilung 1, 129: 166. 1920. Ascomata immersed, visible as blackened, raised, conical areas, dark-brown, coriaceous, solitary; in vertical section 300420 pm diam., 310-350 pm high, globosc, with a central ostiolar canal, ca. 30 pm diam., 80 pm high. Peridium 25-30 pm wide, comprising several layers of compressed cells, walls hyaline at the inside, and brown and thick-walled towards the outside. Paraphyses 2.5-4 pm wide at the base, filamentous, flexuose, septate and numerous. Asci 112.5-15 x 7.5-10 pm (X = 123.8 x 9.2 pm, n = 20), g-spored, cylindrical, short-pedicellate, unitunicate, apically rounded, with a J +, wedgeshaped, subapical ring, 2.5-3 pm (x = 2.7 pm, n = 10) diam., 2-2.5 pm (X = 2.3 pm, n = 10) high. Ascospores 19-20.5 x 7.5-9 pm (X = 19.6 x 8.2 pm, n = 25), (brown cell 16.5-19 x 7.5-9 pm, X = 17.7 x 8.2 ym, n = 25)$ uniseriate, ellipsoidal to ellipsoidal with one side flattened, the larger cell brown to light-brown, with a hyaline basal dwarf cell, which is 2-2.5 pm long, 2-2.5 pm wide, smooth-walled, surrounded by a 1.5-2 pm wide mucilaginous sheath, lacking a germ slit. Known distribution: Hong Kong, Germany. Known hosts: Abies (Pinaceae), bamboo (Gramineae), Pandanus (Pandanaceae). Material examined: Germany, Bavaria, Bayreuth, on needles of Abies pectinata, 1876, de Thiimen. Mycotheca Universalis no. 464 (W, lectotype of Amphisphaeria rehmii); ibid. (IMI 195460, isotypes of Amphisphaeria rehmii); Hong Kong, Hong Kong Island, Pokfulam, in forest off Hatton Road above the University of Hong Kong, on decaying leaves of Pandanus f’rcatus, 6 June 1995, S.R. Whitton (HKU(M) 5025, as Anthostomella oraniopsis); ibid., 25 August 1997, S.R. WhitLon (HKU(M) 14070, as Anthostomella oraniopsis); New Territories, Tai PO Kau, on culms of an unidentified bamboo, 3 August 1997, K.D. Hyde (HKU(M) 7308, as Antha~tomella sp.). Anthostomella 1882.

sepelibilis (Berk.

and MA.

Curtis)

Sacc., Sylloge Fungorum

I: 281.

= Sphaeria sepelibilis Berk. and M.A. Curtis, Grevillea 4: 146. 1876. Ascomata immersed, visible as blackened, dome-shaped areas, brown, coriaceous, solitary or mostly clustered; in vertical section ca. 280 pm diam., 280 pm high, globose, immersed beneath a clypeus. Clypeus black, comprising host cells with blackened intracellular fungal hyphae. Peridium ca. 17.5 pm wide, comprising several layers of compressed cells, walls hyaline at the inside, and brown and thick-walled towards the outside. Paraphyses 4-5 ym wide at the base, filamentous, flexuose, hyaline and septate. Asci 80-100 x 10-l 1.5 pm (X = 90.6 x 10.6 pm, n = 15). (6 -)8-spored, broadly cylindrical, unitunicatc, short-pedicellate, apically rounded, with a J +, wedgcshaped, subapical ring, 1-I .5 pm (x = 1.2 pm, n = 10) diam., 2-2.5 pm (X = 2 pm. n = 10) high. Ascospores 13.5-18 x 5-7.5 pm (x = 16.7 x 5.7 pm, n = 20), (brown cell 12-16.5 x 5-7.5 pm, X = 14.8 x 5.7 pm, n = 20), overlapping uniseriate, inequilaterally ellipsoidal, the larger cell brown, with a small hyaline basal or apical dwarf cell, which is 1.5-2.5 pm long, 2-3 pm wide, smooth-walled, surrounded by a 0.5-1.5 pm wide mucilaginous sheath which is slightly thicker at both ends, lacking a germ slit.

213

The species of Anthostomellaon monocots from Hong Kong

Known distribution: Hong Kong, USA (South Carolina). Known hosts: Bambusa (Gramineae), Dendrocalamus (Gramineae), S&ax (Smilacaceae). Material examined: Hong Kong, New Territories, on Bumbusu vulgaris var. vittutu, 24 June 1998, D.Q. Zhou (HKU(M) 83377, asAnthostomek sepelibilis); ibid., Sai Kuang, on Dendroculumus sp., 27 June 1998, D.Q. Zhou (HKU(M) 8395, as Anthostomellu sepelibilis); USA, South Carolina, on Smilux ZuurqoZiu, 1855, ex herb. Berk no. 4877 (K 56336, holotype of Sphueriu sepelibilis).

DISCUSSION Anthostomellu (Xylariaceae, Xylariales) is a species-richgenus, containing ca. 300 species.The genusis characterized by ascomataimmersed,mostly beneatha clypeus; (broadly) cylindrical and unitunicate asci, typically with a amyloid (J +) subapicalring; ellipsoidal and brown ascospores,unicellular or occasionally with a hyaline dwarf cell, often surroundedby a mucilaginous sheathand with a germ slit. Tab. 1. Anthostomellaspecies reported from Hong Kong. Hong Kong Hosts

Herbarium

A. longa B. S. Lu, T. U. Dalisay & K. D. Hyde

Bambusa

HKU (M) 8493

A. bromeliaceae

Sinobambusa (Gramineae)

S; HKU

A. contaminans (Durieu. & Mont.) Sacc.

Bambusa (Gramineae), Sinobambusa (Gramineae)

PC; HKU (M) 8374, 9135: IMI 180624

New record for Hong Kong

A. eructcms Ellis & Everh.

Bamboo

HKU NY

New record for Hong Kong New record for Hong Kong

Rehm

A. jagellariae (Rehm) S. Lu & K. D. Hyde

B

A. uniseriata K. D. Hyde

J. Frahl.

A. zongluensis Hyde

K. D.

&

&

9119

7310; CUP;

HKU (M) 2029, 7302, 9015, 9016; S

New record for Hong Kong

for Hong

HKU (M) 5025, 7308, 14070; IMI 195460; W

New record Kong

for Hong

Bambusa (Gramineae), Dentrocalamus (Gramineae)

HKU (M) K 56336

8395, 83377;

New record Kong

for Hong

Bambusa

HKU (M) 9113

JF 60, 9032,

New record Kong

for Hong

Bamboo

(Berk.

(M)

New species

New record Kong

A. rehmii

A. sepelibilis Curt.) Sacc.

Bambusa

(M)

7311, 8429,

HKU (M) 353, 3411, 3456, 3482, 12036, 12037

Bambusa

Sacc.

(Gramineae)

Arundinaria (Gramineae), (Gramineae), Dentrocalamus (Gramineae), Phyllostachys (Gramineae)

A. frondicola K. D. Hyde, J. FrGhl. & J. E. Taylor (Thtim.)

(Gramineae)

numbers

Conclusion

Species

Phoenix

(Gramineae)

(Gramineae)

(Gramineae) (Palmae)

BRIP 21961

New species

214

B.-S. Lu & K.D. Hyde

The genus was reviewed by Francis (1975) who examined most European collections and accepted thirty species, one variety and one forma. Rappaz (1995) accepted nine speciesof Anthostomella on hard wood from Europe and North America. Hyde (1996) described forty specieson palms and Pandanus. Of ten new specieshere described,Anthostomella zongluensis K. D. Hyde was the only new speciescollected on Phoenix from Hong Kong. Acknowledgements. Bing-Sheng Lu would like to thank The University of Hong Kong for a Postgraduate Studentship. The Curators of BRIP, HKU(M), PAD and S are thanked for the loan of specimens in this study. Dr Edward C. Y. Liew is thanked for commenting on the draft manuscript. Professor R. D. Hill is thanked for his kind help in deciphering collection information of specimens from the herbaria. Thanks are extended to MS Helen Leung for technical assistance.

REFERENCES BERKELEY

M.J. & CURTIS M.A., 1876 - Notices of North American Fungi. Grevillea 4: 141-162. FRANCIS S.M., 1975 - Anthostomella Sacc. (Part I). Mycological Papers 139: l-97. FRijHLICH J. & HYDE K.D., 1999 - Fungi on palms. Fungal Diversity Press Progress, ser. 2. Fungal Diversity Press, Hong Kong (in press). HYDE K.D., 1996 - Fungi from palms. XXVI, the genus Anthosfomella, with ten new species. Nova Hedwigia 62: 273-340. HYDE K.D., FROHLICH J. & TAYLOR J.E., 1998 - Fungi from palms. XXXVI. Reflections on unitunicate ascomycetes with apiospores. Sydowia 50: 21-81. LU B.S. & HYDE K.D., 1999 - Species of Anthostomella from the Philippines, including A. vuriabilis sp. nov. and A. jlagellariae comb. nov. Nowa Hedwigia. (in press). RAPPAZ E, 1995- Anthostomella and related xylariaceous fungi on hard wood from Europe and North America. Mycologia Helvetica 7: 99-168. REHM H., 1907 - Ascomycetes novi. Annales Mycologici 5: 525-546. REHM H., 1914 - Ascomycetes Philippineses-V. Leujets of Philippine Botany 6: 2 19 l-2237.

SACCARDO P.A., 1881-

Commentariummycologicurnfungos in primis italicos illustrans.

Patavii. Michelia 2: 177-384. SACCARDO P. A., 1882 - Sylloge Fungorum 1: l-763. THijMEN F. von, 1877 - Mycotheca universalis. Flora 60: 204-208.