- Email: [email protected]
Anti diabetic activity of L-Alaninium maleate (LAM) macro and nano crystals
Materials Today: Proceedings xxx (xxxx) xxx
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Materials Today: Proceedings journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/matpr
Anti diabetic activity of L-Alaninium maleate (LAM) macro and nano crystals K. SenthilKannan a,b,⇑, A. Muni Kumari c, Uma Chinnaiyan d, Sivagurunathan Paramasivam d, B. Joshua Steve Abishek e a
Dept. of R&D, Edayathangudy G S Pillay Arts and Science College, Nagapattinam 611002, TN, India Dept. of Physics, Edayathangudy G S Pillay Arts and Science College, Nagapattinam 611002, TN, India Department of Genetics and Genomics, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa 516003, India d Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar 608002, India e Dept.of.Bioinformatics, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, TN, India b c
a r t i c l e
i n f o
Article history: Received 20 January 2020 Accepted 28 January 2020 Available online xxxx Keywords: L-Alaninium maleate Macro Nano Diabetes
a b s t r a c t Diabetes is a situation where in the fasting blood glucose level expanded above the normal variety from 80 to 120 mg/dL. The bioactive compound of L-Alaninium maleate has anti diabetic effect of a combined nano formulation of these two has not been reported in the literature. Here, a combinational and comparative macro and nano medicine approach was investigated to enhance the anti diabetic effects of the L-Alaninium maleate because of Alanine presence and which is Zwitter ionic in nature, XRD data reveals that it is orthorhombic and space group as P212121. Ó 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the International Conference on Nanotechnology: Ideas, Innovation and Industries.
1. Introduction Diabetes is a circumstance wherein the fasting blood glucose level extended over the ordinary assortment from 80 to 120 mg/dL. This blast in blood glucose stage can be a result of the insulin lack. Diabetes brings about extraordinary difficulties in the body even life getting cerebral pains nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy quickened vascular porousness and deferred wound recuperation whenever left untreated. Various containers are utilized for the cure of diabetes mellitus, however manufactured medications are steeply-valued and have unreasonable viewpoint results. In this way, more noteworthy accentuation is being situated on utilizing customary medication medicines because of the reality those assets have less side results than the synthetics sedates and are similarly modest. In the title compound, C3H8NO+2C4H3O4 , the alanine atom exists in the cationic structure and the maleic acid particle in the mono-ionized state. A head-totail hydrogen bond is seen between the amino acid atoms. There are no immediate hydrogen-reinforced associations between the ⇑ Corresponding author at: Dept. of R&D, Edayathangudy G S Pillay Arts and Science College, Nagapattinam, TN 611002, India. E-mail address: [email protected] (K. SenthilKannan).
semi maleate anions. The general collection design is like that scrutinizes in the L-alanine oxalic acid complex. Nano particles have more encroaches on applications over their partners which are full scale or miniaturized scale shapes and nano structure effect will be in exponentiation level by the utility and effectiveness and enablement over different structures LAM are SHG NLO in large scale level and in nano structure it is 17 nm by milling [1–13]. A nano crystal is a material atom having in any occasion one estimation humbler than 100 nano meters, in perspective on quantum spots (a nano particle) and made out of particles in either a single or poly-crystalline course of action (see Table 1).
2. Experimental of macro and nano crystals Colourless single crystals of (I) were grown as transparent needles, from a saturated aqueous solution containing L-alanine and maleic acid in a 1:1 stoichiometric ratio. Macro crystals are subjected to milling method to get the nano form of the titled crystal with Retsch planetary ball running for around 40 h and around 250 rpm and got the nano sizes of various recognitions to get last estimation of 17 nm. Sample {LAM} Crystallite Size (nm)
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.01.548 2214-7853/Ó 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the International Conference on Nanotechnology: Ideas, Innovation and Industries.
Please cite this article as: K. SenthilKannan, A. M. Kumari, U. Chinnaiyan et al., Anti diabetic activity of L-Alaninium maleate (LAM) macro and nano crystals, Materials Today: Proceedings, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.01.548
2
K. SenthilKannan et al. / Materials Today: Proceedings xxx (xxxx) xxx
Mill type
Retsch planetary ball
Milling time Milling speed
40–50 h 250 rpm
Sample
Crystallite size
LAM LAM LAM LAM LAM LAM
208 nm 50 nm 40 nm 29 nm 25 nm 17 nm
initial powder after 15 h after 25 h after 30 h after 35 h after 40 h
2.1. XRD data for macro crystals The LAM macro crystals are grown by slow evaporations solution growth method and having the formula C7H11NO6, with a = 5.5874 Å, b = 7.3865 Å, c = 23.689 Å, crystal system as Orthorhombic with space group P212121, the macro level NLO SHG value is 1.26times than that of standard KDP which is predominant for opto electronic applications. 2.2. Anti diabetic (AD) activity for both cases The titled valuable crystal LAM shows AD action, due to closeness of Alanine in the molecule, the crystal is having IC50 esteem as 29.91 and as nano particles in 17 nm the IC 50 is 27.97 from Table 2, the ideal incentive for rival sedate intensity in pharmacological research. As the fixation builds the hindrance rate likewise relatively increments for 10–80 lg/ml. As the concentration increases, the inhibition values too increases symbolized by Figs. 1 and 2 as the graphical analysis for macro and nano crystals predominant over the former ones by the activity because of its IC50 value as the potential drug. 3. Summary and conclusion Fig. 1. AD activity of LAM macro and nano crystals.
The LAM nano crystals are having enormous opto-electronic application, phase matching, frequency matching and power transTable 1 XRD data of LAM macro crystals. a b c System space group Formula Volume
5.5874 Å 7.3865 Å 23.689 Å Orthorhombic P212121 C7H11NO6 977.677 Å3
mission and other utilities. Macro crystals are grown by slow evaporations solution growth method and having the formula C7H11NO6, with a = 5.5874 Å, b = 7.3865 Å, c = 23.689 Å, crystal system as Orthorhombic with space group P212121, the macro level NLO SHG value is 1.26 times than that of standard KDP, The nano form of LAM crystals are of 208 nm, 50 nm, 40 nm, 29 nm, 25 nm and 17 nm respectively by ball milling method of the macro crystals and used in bio applications too as anti-diabetic agent and
Table 2 Alpha Amylase inhibitory activities vs concentrations of LAM macro and nano crystals. S.NO
Compound
Concentration (lg/ml)
% of inhibition Macro
% of inhibition Nano – 17 nm
IC50 values Macro
IC50 values Nano
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
LAM
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
23.72 48.79 58.77 74.59 77.57 77.92 79.79 79.97
31.51 49.79 59.54 75.41 79.97 81.97 82.97 86.99
29.91
27.97
Please cite this article as: K. SenthilKannan, A. M. Kumari, U. Chinnaiyan et al., Anti diabetic activity of L-Alaninium maleate (LAM) macro and nano crystals, Materials Today: Proceedings, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.01.548
K. SenthilKannan et al. / Materials Today: Proceedings xxx (xxxx) xxx
Fig. 2. AD activity macro and nano crystals - comparison chart.
nano one is superior than macro ones which can be used as potential drug based on IC50 value. References [1] S. Dhanuskodi, S. Manivannan, Quadratic organic nonlinear optical material: bis-2,7-diethylaminohepta-2,5-dien-4-one, J. Crystal Growth 262 (2004) 395– 398. [2] H. Unver, A. Karakas, A. Elmali, T.N. Durlu, The investigation of nonlinear optical properties of N-(3-fluorophenyl) naphthaldimine, J. Mol. Struct. 737 (2005) 131–137.
3
[3] H.J. Ravindra, M.R. Suresh Kumar, Chitharanjan Rai, S.M. Dharmaprakash, A phase-matchable nonlinear optical material N-(3-nitrophenyl) phthalimide: Synthesis, crystal growth and characterization, J. Crystal Growth 294 (2) (2006) 318–322. [4] K. Jagannathan, S. Kalainathan, T. Gnanasekaran, N. Vijayan, G. Bhagavannarayana, Growth and characterization of a novel organic NLO crystal: 4 – ethoxy benzaldehyde – n – methyl 4 – stilbazolium tosylate, Cryst. Res. Technol. 42 (5) (2007) 483–487. [5] Raja C. Ramachandra, P. Paramasivam, N. Vijayan, Synthesis, growth and characterization of a new nonlinear optical material: 4-phenylpyridinium hydrogen squarate (4PHS), Spectrochim. Acta Part A 69 (4) (2008) 1146–1149. [6] V. Poitout, R.P. Robertson, Glucolipo toxicity: fuel excess and b-cell dysfunction, Endocr. Rev. 29 (3) (2008) 351–366. [7] M. Brownlee, The pathobiology of diabetic complications: a unifying mechanism, Diabetes 54 (6) (2005) 1615–1625. [8] M. Brownlee, Biochemistry and molecular cell biology of diabetic complications, Nature. 414 (6865) (2001) 813–820. [9] N.A. Calcutt, M.E. Cooper, T.S. Kern, A.M. Schmidt, Therapies for hyperglycaemia-induced diabetic complications: from animal models to clinical trials, Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. 8 (5) (2009) 417–429. [10] Y. Nayak, B.S. Jayashree, M.K. Unnikrishnan, Benzopyran-4-one is an ideal pharmacophore for lead optimization in antidiabetic drug discovery, Res. J. Pharm. Technol. 5 (8) (2012) 1025–1033. [11] L.H. Cazarolli, L. Zanatta, E.H. Alberton, M.S.R.B. Figueiredo, P. Folador, R.G. Damazio, M.G. Pizzolatti, F.R.M.B. Silva, Flavonoids: cellular and molecular mechanism of action in glucose homeostasis, Mini-Rev. Med. Chem. 8 (10) (2008) 1032–1038. [12] V.P. Veerapur, K.R. Prabhakar, M.R. Kandadi, K.K. Srinivasan, M.K. Unnikrishnan, Antidiabetic effect of Dodonaea viscosa aerial parts in high fat diet and low dose streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic rats: a mechanistic approach, Pharm. Biol. 48 (10) (2010) 1137–1148. [13] V.P. Veerapur, K.R. Prabhakar, B.S. Thippeswamy, P. Bansal, K.K. Srinivasan, M. K. Unnikrishnan, Antidiabetic effect of Dodonaea viscosa (L). Lacq. aerial parts in high fructose-fed insulin resistant rats: a mechanism based study, Indian J. Exp. Biol. 48 (8) (2010) 800–810.
Please cite this article as: K. SenthilKannan, A. M. Kumari, U. Chinnaiyan et al., Anti diabetic activity of L-Alaninium maleate (LAM) macro and nano crystals, Materials Today: Proceedings, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.01.548
Contents lists available at ScienceDirect
Materials Today: Proceedings journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/matpr
Anti diabetic activity of L-Alaninium maleate (LAM) macro and nano crystals K. SenthilKannan a,b,⇑, A. Muni Kumari c, Uma Chinnaiyan d, Sivagurunathan Paramasivam d, B. Joshua Steve Abishek e a
Dept. of R&D, Edayathangudy G S Pillay Arts and Science College, Nagapattinam 611002, TN, India Dept. of Physics, Edayathangudy G S Pillay Arts and Science College, Nagapattinam 611002, TN, India Department of Genetics and Genomics, Yogi Vemana University, Kadapa 516003, India d Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar 608002, India e Dept.of.Bioinformatics, SASTRA University, Thanjavur, TN, India b c
a r t i c l e
i n f o
Article history: Received 20 January 2020 Accepted 28 January 2020 Available online xxxx Keywords: L-Alaninium maleate Macro Nano Diabetes
a b s t r a c t Diabetes is a situation where in the fasting blood glucose level expanded above the normal variety from 80 to 120 mg/dL. The bioactive compound of L-Alaninium maleate has anti diabetic effect of a combined nano formulation of these two has not been reported in the literature. Here, a combinational and comparative macro and nano medicine approach was investigated to enhance the anti diabetic effects of the L-Alaninium maleate because of Alanine presence and which is Zwitter ionic in nature, XRD data reveals that it is orthorhombic and space group as P212121. Ó 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the International Conference on Nanotechnology: Ideas, Innovation and Industries.
1. Introduction Diabetes is a circumstance wherein the fasting blood glucose level extended over the ordinary assortment from 80 to 120 mg/dL. This blast in blood glucose stage can be a result of the insulin lack. Diabetes brings about extraordinary difficulties in the body even life getting cerebral pains nephropathy, retinopathy, neuropathy quickened vascular porousness and deferred wound recuperation whenever left untreated. Various containers are utilized for the cure of diabetes mellitus, however manufactured medications are steeply-valued and have unreasonable viewpoint results. In this way, more noteworthy accentuation is being situated on utilizing customary medication medicines because of the reality those assets have less side results than the synthetics sedates and are similarly modest. In the title compound, C3H8NO+2C4H3O4 , the alanine atom exists in the cationic structure and the maleic acid particle in the mono-ionized state. A head-totail hydrogen bond is seen between the amino acid atoms. There are no immediate hydrogen-reinforced associations between the ⇑ Corresponding author at: Dept. of R&D, Edayathangudy G S Pillay Arts and Science College, Nagapattinam, TN 611002, India. E-mail address: [email protected] (K. SenthilKannan).
semi maleate anions. The general collection design is like that scrutinizes in the L-alanine oxalic acid complex. Nano particles have more encroaches on applications over their partners which are full scale or miniaturized scale shapes and nano structure effect will be in exponentiation level by the utility and effectiveness and enablement over different structures LAM are SHG NLO in large scale level and in nano structure it is 17 nm by milling [1–13]. A nano crystal is a material atom having in any occasion one estimation humbler than 100 nano meters, in perspective on quantum spots (a nano particle) and made out of particles in either a single or poly-crystalline course of action (see Table 1).
2. Experimental of macro and nano crystals Colourless single crystals of (I) were grown as transparent needles, from a saturated aqueous solution containing L-alanine and maleic acid in a 1:1 stoichiometric ratio. Macro crystals are subjected to milling method to get the nano form of the titled crystal with Retsch planetary ball running for around 40 h and around 250 rpm and got the nano sizes of various recognitions to get last estimation of 17 nm. Sample {LAM} Crystallite Size (nm)
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.01.548 2214-7853/Ó 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Selection and peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the International Conference on Nanotechnology: Ideas, Innovation and Industries.
Please cite this article as: K. SenthilKannan, A. M. Kumari, U. Chinnaiyan et al., Anti diabetic activity of L-Alaninium maleate (LAM) macro and nano crystals, Materials Today: Proceedings, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.01.548
2
K. SenthilKannan et al. / Materials Today: Proceedings xxx (xxxx) xxx
Mill type
Retsch planetary ball
Milling time Milling speed
40–50 h 250 rpm
Sample
Crystallite size
LAM LAM LAM LAM LAM LAM
208 nm 50 nm 40 nm 29 nm 25 nm 17 nm
initial powder after 15 h after 25 h after 30 h after 35 h after 40 h
2.1. XRD data for macro crystals The LAM macro crystals are grown by slow evaporations solution growth method and having the formula C7H11NO6, with a = 5.5874 Å, b = 7.3865 Å, c = 23.689 Å, crystal system as Orthorhombic with space group P212121, the macro level NLO SHG value is 1.26times than that of standard KDP which is predominant for opto electronic applications. 2.2. Anti diabetic (AD) activity for both cases The titled valuable crystal LAM shows AD action, due to closeness of Alanine in the molecule, the crystal is having IC50 esteem as 29.91 and as nano particles in 17 nm the IC 50 is 27.97 from Table 2, the ideal incentive for rival sedate intensity in pharmacological research. As the fixation builds the hindrance rate likewise relatively increments for 10–80 lg/ml. As the concentration increases, the inhibition values too increases symbolized by Figs. 1 and 2 as the graphical analysis for macro and nano crystals predominant over the former ones by the activity because of its IC50 value as the potential drug. 3. Summary and conclusion Fig. 1. AD activity of LAM macro and nano crystals.
The LAM nano crystals are having enormous opto-electronic application, phase matching, frequency matching and power transTable 1 XRD data of LAM macro crystals. a b c System space group Formula Volume
5.5874 Å 7.3865 Å 23.689 Å Orthorhombic P212121 C7H11NO6 977.677 Å3
mission and other utilities. Macro crystals are grown by slow evaporations solution growth method and having the formula C7H11NO6, with a = 5.5874 Å, b = 7.3865 Å, c = 23.689 Å, crystal system as Orthorhombic with space group P212121, the macro level NLO SHG value is 1.26 times than that of standard KDP, The nano form of LAM crystals are of 208 nm, 50 nm, 40 nm, 29 nm, 25 nm and 17 nm respectively by ball milling method of the macro crystals and used in bio applications too as anti-diabetic agent and
Table 2 Alpha Amylase inhibitory activities vs concentrations of LAM macro and nano crystals. S.NO
Compound
Concentration (lg/ml)
% of inhibition Macro
% of inhibition Nano – 17 nm
IC50 values Macro
IC50 values Nano
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
LAM
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
23.72 48.79 58.77 74.59 77.57 77.92 79.79 79.97
31.51 49.79 59.54 75.41 79.97 81.97 82.97 86.99
29.91
27.97
Please cite this article as: K. SenthilKannan, A. M. Kumari, U. Chinnaiyan et al., Anti diabetic activity of L-Alaninium maleate (LAM) macro and nano crystals, Materials Today: Proceedings, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.01.548
K. SenthilKannan et al. / Materials Today: Proceedings xxx (xxxx) xxx
Fig. 2. AD activity macro and nano crystals - comparison chart.
nano one is superior than macro ones which can be used as potential drug based on IC50 value. References [1] S. Dhanuskodi, S. Manivannan, Quadratic organic nonlinear optical material: bis-2,7-diethylaminohepta-2,5-dien-4-one, J. Crystal Growth 262 (2004) 395– 398. [2] H. Unver, A. Karakas, A. Elmali, T.N. Durlu, The investigation of nonlinear optical properties of N-(3-fluorophenyl) naphthaldimine, J. Mol. Struct. 737 (2005) 131–137.
3
[3] H.J. Ravindra, M.R. Suresh Kumar, Chitharanjan Rai, S.M. Dharmaprakash, A phase-matchable nonlinear optical material N-(3-nitrophenyl) phthalimide: Synthesis, crystal growth and characterization, J. Crystal Growth 294 (2) (2006) 318–322. [4] K. Jagannathan, S. Kalainathan, T. Gnanasekaran, N. Vijayan, G. Bhagavannarayana, Growth and characterization of a novel organic NLO crystal: 4 – ethoxy benzaldehyde – n – methyl 4 – stilbazolium tosylate, Cryst. Res. Technol. 42 (5) (2007) 483–487. [5] Raja C. Ramachandra, P. Paramasivam, N. Vijayan, Synthesis, growth and characterization of a new nonlinear optical material: 4-phenylpyridinium hydrogen squarate (4PHS), Spectrochim. Acta Part A 69 (4) (2008) 1146–1149. [6] V. Poitout, R.P. Robertson, Glucolipo toxicity: fuel excess and b-cell dysfunction, Endocr. Rev. 29 (3) (2008) 351–366. [7] M. Brownlee, The pathobiology of diabetic complications: a unifying mechanism, Diabetes 54 (6) (2005) 1615–1625. [8] M. Brownlee, Biochemistry and molecular cell biology of diabetic complications, Nature. 414 (6865) (2001) 813–820. [9] N.A. Calcutt, M.E. Cooper, T.S. Kern, A.M. Schmidt, Therapies for hyperglycaemia-induced diabetic complications: from animal models to clinical trials, Nat. Rev. Drug Discov. 8 (5) (2009) 417–429. [10] Y. Nayak, B.S. Jayashree, M.K. Unnikrishnan, Benzopyran-4-one is an ideal pharmacophore for lead optimization in antidiabetic drug discovery, Res. J. Pharm. Technol. 5 (8) (2012) 1025–1033. [11] L.H. Cazarolli, L. Zanatta, E.H. Alberton, M.S.R.B. Figueiredo, P. Folador, R.G. Damazio, M.G. Pizzolatti, F.R.M.B. Silva, Flavonoids: cellular and molecular mechanism of action in glucose homeostasis, Mini-Rev. Med. Chem. 8 (10) (2008) 1032–1038. [12] V.P. Veerapur, K.R. Prabhakar, M.R. Kandadi, K.K. Srinivasan, M.K. Unnikrishnan, Antidiabetic effect of Dodonaea viscosa aerial parts in high fat diet and low dose streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic rats: a mechanistic approach, Pharm. Biol. 48 (10) (2010) 1137–1148. [13] V.P. Veerapur, K.R. Prabhakar, B.S. Thippeswamy, P. Bansal, K.K. Srinivasan, M. K. Unnikrishnan, Antidiabetic effect of Dodonaea viscosa (L). Lacq. aerial parts in high fructose-fed insulin resistant rats: a mechanism based study, Indian J. Exp. Biol. 48 (8) (2010) 800–810.
Please cite this article as: K. SenthilKannan, A. M. Kumari, U. Chinnaiyan et al., Anti diabetic activity of L-Alaninium maleate (LAM) macro and nano crystals, Materials Today: Proceedings, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matpr.2020.01.548