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Antibacterial activity of the endemic Hypericum kazdaghensis
Fitoterapia 76 (2005) 237 – 239 www.elsevier.com/locate/fitote
Short report
Antibacterial activity of the endemic Hypericum kazdaghensis Basaran Dulger*, Ahmet Gonuz Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Biology, Canakkale, Turkey Received 18 November 2004; accepted 3 December 2004
Abstract The antibacterial activity of the chloroform, acetone and methanol extracts of endemic Hypericum kazdaghensis leaves were evaluated by disc diffusion method. All extracts exhibited antimicrobial activity against all tested bacteria. D 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Hypericum kazdaghensis; Antibacterial activity
1. Plant Hypericum kazdaghensis Gemici et Leblebici (Hypericaceae) [1], aerial parts collected from Kazdagi Mount, Balikesir, Turkey in 2002, were identified by Dr. Ahmet Gonuz. A voucher specimen is deposited in Department of Biology, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University.
2. Uses in traditional medicine Although Hypericum species are employed in various curative treatments [2,3], ethnobotanical and phytochemical studies on H. kazdaghensis are not reported. * Corresponding author. Tel.: +90 286 2180018; fax: +90 286 2180533. E-mail address: [email protected] (B. Dulger). 0367-326X/$ - see front matter D 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.fitote.2004.12.010
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B. Dulger, A. Gonuz / Fitoterapia 76 (2005) 237–239
3. Previously isolated constituents No report.
4. Tested material Successive CHCl3 (C), acetone (A) and MeOH (M) extracts of air-dried leaves. Yield (%) and positive tests on phytochemical screening [4]: C (3.8; terpenoids, steroids), A (3.2; terpenoids), M (8.9; flavonoids, steroids).
5. Studied activity Antibacterial activity by disc diffusion method [5,6].
6. Used microorganisms Listed in Table 1.
7. Results Reported in Table 1.
8. Conclusions The extracts of H. kazdaghensis show strong antimicrobial activity against the tested bacteria. When the results obtained are compared to those of gentamycin, it is determined that B. subtilis and P. aeruginosa are more susceptible to all extracts. Table 1 Antibacterial activity of the H. kazdaghensis leaf extracts Microorganisms
Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 Escherichia coli ATCC 11230 Klebsiella pneumonia UC 57 Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 Salmonella thyphimurium CCM 5445 Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538P a
Zone of inhibition (mm)a MeOH (300 Ag/ml)
Acetone (300 Ag/ml)
CHCl3 (300 Ag/ml)
Gentamycin (2 mg/ml)
12.6 14.8 11.6 12.4 10.2 13.4
12.4 14.6 13.8 9.2 9.2 17.6
14.2 9.0 14.6 13.0 9.4 14.4
7.2 27.4 23.4 8.4 24.0 18.8
Values, including diameter of the filter paper disc (6.0 mm), are means of three replicates.
B. Dulger, A. Gonuz / Fitoterapia 76 (2005) 237–239
239
Acknowledgements The authors are very thankful to Dr. Yusuf Gemici for his help and advice.
References [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6]
Guner A, Ozhatay N, Ekim T, Baser KHC. Flora Turkey 2000;72:656. Yazaki K, Okada T. Biotechnol Agric For 1994;26:167. Baytop T. Turkiye’de Bitkiler ile Tedavi. Istanbul: I.U. Yay. No. 3255,1984;185. Harborne JB. Phytochemical methods. 2nd ed. London7 Chapman and Hall; 1984. Bauer AW, Kirby WMM, Sherries JC, Truck M. Am J Clin Pathol 1966;45:493. NCCLS. Performance standards for antimicrobial disk susceptibility tests. Approved Standard NCCLS Publication M2-A5, Villionova, PA, USA, 1993.
Short report
Antibacterial activity of the endemic Hypericum kazdaghensis Basaran Dulger*, Ahmet Gonuz Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Faculty of Science and Arts, Department of Biology, Canakkale, Turkey Received 18 November 2004; accepted 3 December 2004
Abstract The antibacterial activity of the chloroform, acetone and methanol extracts of endemic Hypericum kazdaghensis leaves were evaluated by disc diffusion method. All extracts exhibited antimicrobial activity against all tested bacteria. D 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Hypericum kazdaghensis; Antibacterial activity
1. Plant Hypericum kazdaghensis Gemici et Leblebici (Hypericaceae) [1], aerial parts collected from Kazdagi Mount, Balikesir, Turkey in 2002, were identified by Dr. Ahmet Gonuz. A voucher specimen is deposited in Department of Biology, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University.
2. Uses in traditional medicine Although Hypericum species are employed in various curative treatments [2,3], ethnobotanical and phytochemical studies on H. kazdaghensis are not reported. * Corresponding author. Tel.: +90 286 2180018; fax: +90 286 2180533. E-mail address: [email protected] (B. Dulger). 0367-326X/$ - see front matter D 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.fitote.2004.12.010
238
B. Dulger, A. Gonuz / Fitoterapia 76 (2005) 237–239
3. Previously isolated constituents No report.
4. Tested material Successive CHCl3 (C), acetone (A) and MeOH (M) extracts of air-dried leaves. Yield (%) and positive tests on phytochemical screening [4]: C (3.8; terpenoids, steroids), A (3.2; terpenoids), M (8.9; flavonoids, steroids).
5. Studied activity Antibacterial activity by disc diffusion method [5,6].
6. Used microorganisms Listed in Table 1.
7. Results Reported in Table 1.
8. Conclusions The extracts of H. kazdaghensis show strong antimicrobial activity against the tested bacteria. When the results obtained are compared to those of gentamycin, it is determined that B. subtilis and P. aeruginosa are more susceptible to all extracts. Table 1 Antibacterial activity of the H. kazdaghensis leaf extracts Microorganisms
Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633 Escherichia coli ATCC 11230 Klebsiella pneumonia UC 57 Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 Salmonella thyphimurium CCM 5445 Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538P a
Zone of inhibition (mm)a MeOH (300 Ag/ml)
Acetone (300 Ag/ml)
CHCl3 (300 Ag/ml)
Gentamycin (2 mg/ml)
12.6 14.8 11.6 12.4 10.2 13.4
12.4 14.6 13.8 9.2 9.2 17.6
14.2 9.0 14.6 13.0 9.4 14.4
7.2 27.4 23.4 8.4 24.0 18.8
Values, including diameter of the filter paper disc (6.0 mm), are means of three replicates.
B. Dulger, A. Gonuz / Fitoterapia 76 (2005) 237–239
239
Acknowledgements The authors are very thankful to Dr. Yusuf Gemici for his help and advice.
References [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6]
Guner A, Ozhatay N, Ekim T, Baser KHC. Flora Turkey 2000;72:656. Yazaki K, Okada T. Biotechnol Agric For 1994;26:167. Baytop T. Turkiye’de Bitkiler ile Tedavi. Istanbul: I.U. Yay. No. 3255,1984;185. Harborne JB. Phytochemical methods. 2nd ed. London7 Chapman and Hall; 1984. Bauer AW, Kirby WMM, Sherries JC, Truck M. Am J Clin Pathol 1966;45:493. NCCLS. Performance standards for antimicrobial disk susceptibility tests. Approved Standard NCCLS Publication M2-A5, Villionova, PA, USA, 1993.