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Antifungal properties of Ocimum gratissimum essential oil (ethyl cinnamate chemotype)
Fitoterapia 71 Ž2000. 567᎐569
Short report
Antifungal properties of Ocimum gratissimum essential oil ž ethyl cinnamate chemotype/ Nawal Kishore Dubeya , T.N. Tiwaria, Danielle Mandinb, U Hary Andriamboavonjyc, Jean-Pierre Chaumontb, a
b
Centre of Ad¨ anced Studies in Botany, Banaras Hindu Uni¨ ersity, Vanarasi, India Uni¨ ersite´ de Franche-Comte, ´ Laboratoire de Botanique et de Cryptogamie, Faculte´ de Medecine ´ et de Pharmacie, Place Saint Jacques, 25030, Besanc ¸on cedex, France c Uni¨ ersite´ de Franche-Comte, ´ Centre de Spectrometrie, ´ Besanc¸on, France
Received 26 February 2000; accepted 18 March 2000
Abstract Largely widespread in tropical countries, Ocimum gratissimum has been claimed for many uses in folk medicine. Recent research on its essential oils showed five chemotypes. An Indian chemotype, with a high level of ethyl cinnamate, presents, in vitro, an interesting spectrum of antifungal properties. 䊚 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Ocimum gratissimum; Essential oil; Ethyl cinnamate chemotype; Antifungal activity
Plants. Ocimum gratissimum L. ŽLamiaceae. leaves were collected in July from the Ayurvedic Garden of the Banaras Hindu University, Vanarasi, India, where a voucher sample had been deposited. Uses in traditional medicine. As a stomachic, antipyretic and pectoral treatment w1x, and in vaginal infections w2x. U
Corresponding author. Tel.: q33-3-81-66-55-57; fax: q33-3-81-66-55-68. E-mail address: [email protected] ŽJ. Pierre Chaumont.. 0367-326Xr00r$ - see front matter 䊚 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. PII: S 0 3 6 7 - 3 2 6 X Ž 0 0 . 0 0 2 0 6 - 9
N. Kishore Dubey et al. r Fitoterapia 71 (2000) 567᎐569
568
Table 1 Minimal inhibitory concentration Žg gy1 . of ethyl cinnamate chemotype of O. gratissimum essential oil and of its main constituents Fungi
Ocimum gratissimum
Ethyl cinnamate
Linalol
Thymol
Citral
Eugenol
Trichophyton rubruma T. mentagrophytesa T. interdigitalea Microsporum canis a M. gypseumb Scopulariopsis bre¨ icaulisa Aspergillus fumigatusa Candida albicansa Cryptococcus neoformansa Malassezia pachydermatisb
150 200 250 200 150 400 ) 1000 350 300 300
100 150 200 150 75 150 ) 1000 200 200 100
600 600 600 600 500 800 ) 1000 1000 900 1000
50 50 50 50 50 75 125 75 50 50
200 200 200 200 200 150 200 70 100 150
100 100 200 100 100 150 400 400 150 150
a b
Origin: patient of hospital of Besanc¸on. Origin: Institut Pasteur.
Previously isolated constituents. Citral, ethyl cinnamate, eugenol, linalol or thymol as the dominant constituents of five chemotypes of O. gratissimum essential oils w3x. Tested material. The essential oil Žyield: 0.65%., extracted from fresh leaves by the Clevenger method according to Guenther w4x. GCrMS analysis: ethyl cinnamate Ž34%.; linalol Ž30.; cineol Ž6.5.; and camphor Ž3.8.. Studied activity. Antifungal activities by the agar dilution method w5x. Used microorganisms. Listed in Table 1. Results. Reported in Table 1. Conclusions. It is interesting to establish that ethyl cinnamate is active against dermatophytes and Scopulariopsis bre¨ icaulis, causing skin mycosis and onychomycosis; against Cryptococcus neoformans, implicated in HIV disease w6x; and against Malassezia pachydermatis, found in dog’s otitis externa w7x. Due to these polyvalent performances, and to the sweet fragrance of this natural product, the O. gratissimum essential oil containing a high level of ethyl cinnamate seems especially suitable for dermatology and cosmetology.
References w1x Perry L, Metzger J. Medicinal plants of east and south east Asia. Cambridge: The MIT Press, 1980:190. w2x Bouquet A. Feticheurs et medecines traditionnelles du Congo. Paris: ORSTOM, 1969:143. ´ ´ w3x Pino JA, Rosado A, Fuentes V. J Essent Oil Res 1996;8:139.
N. Kishore Dubey et al. r Fitoterapia 71 (2000) 567᎐569
569
w4x Guenther E. The essential oils. New York: Guenther Ed, 1972. w5x Depo Y, Michel D, Mandin D, Andriamboavojy H, Poitry P, Chaumont JP, Millet-Clerc J. Acta Bot Gallica 1996;143:29. w6x Dromer F, Dupont F. J Med Mycol 1996;6Ž1.:1. w7x Kiss G, Radvanyis S, Szigetti G. J Small Anim Pract 1997;38:51.
Short report
Antifungal properties of Ocimum gratissimum essential oil ž ethyl cinnamate chemotype/ Nawal Kishore Dubeya , T.N. Tiwaria, Danielle Mandinb, U Hary Andriamboavonjyc, Jean-Pierre Chaumontb, a
b
Centre of Ad¨ anced Studies in Botany, Banaras Hindu Uni¨ ersity, Vanarasi, India Uni¨ ersite´ de Franche-Comte, ´ Laboratoire de Botanique et de Cryptogamie, Faculte´ de Medecine ´ et de Pharmacie, Place Saint Jacques, 25030, Besanc ¸on cedex, France c Uni¨ ersite´ de Franche-Comte, ´ Centre de Spectrometrie, ´ Besanc¸on, France
Received 26 February 2000; accepted 18 March 2000
Abstract Largely widespread in tropical countries, Ocimum gratissimum has been claimed for many uses in folk medicine. Recent research on its essential oils showed five chemotypes. An Indian chemotype, with a high level of ethyl cinnamate, presents, in vitro, an interesting spectrum of antifungal properties. 䊚 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Ocimum gratissimum; Essential oil; Ethyl cinnamate chemotype; Antifungal activity
Plants. Ocimum gratissimum L. ŽLamiaceae. leaves were collected in July from the Ayurvedic Garden of the Banaras Hindu University, Vanarasi, India, where a voucher sample had been deposited. Uses in traditional medicine. As a stomachic, antipyretic and pectoral treatment w1x, and in vaginal infections w2x. U
Corresponding author. Tel.: q33-3-81-66-55-57; fax: q33-3-81-66-55-68. E-mail address: [email protected] ŽJ. Pierre Chaumont.. 0367-326Xr00r$ - see front matter 䊚 2000 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved. PII: S 0 3 6 7 - 3 2 6 X Ž 0 0 . 0 0 2 0 6 - 9
N. Kishore Dubey et al. r Fitoterapia 71 (2000) 567᎐569
568
Table 1 Minimal inhibitory concentration Žg gy1 . of ethyl cinnamate chemotype of O. gratissimum essential oil and of its main constituents Fungi
Ocimum gratissimum
Ethyl cinnamate
Linalol
Thymol
Citral
Eugenol
Trichophyton rubruma T. mentagrophytesa T. interdigitalea Microsporum canis a M. gypseumb Scopulariopsis bre¨ icaulisa Aspergillus fumigatusa Candida albicansa Cryptococcus neoformansa Malassezia pachydermatisb
150 200 250 200 150 400 ) 1000 350 300 300
100 150 200 150 75 150 ) 1000 200 200 100
600 600 600 600 500 800 ) 1000 1000 900 1000
50 50 50 50 50 75 125 75 50 50
200 200 200 200 200 150 200 70 100 150
100 100 200 100 100 150 400 400 150 150
a b
Origin: patient of hospital of Besanc¸on. Origin: Institut Pasteur.
Previously isolated constituents. Citral, ethyl cinnamate, eugenol, linalol or thymol as the dominant constituents of five chemotypes of O. gratissimum essential oils w3x. Tested material. The essential oil Žyield: 0.65%., extracted from fresh leaves by the Clevenger method according to Guenther w4x. GCrMS analysis: ethyl cinnamate Ž34%.; linalol Ž30.; cineol Ž6.5.; and camphor Ž3.8.. Studied activity. Antifungal activities by the agar dilution method w5x. Used microorganisms. Listed in Table 1. Results. Reported in Table 1. Conclusions. It is interesting to establish that ethyl cinnamate is active against dermatophytes and Scopulariopsis bre¨ icaulis, causing skin mycosis and onychomycosis; against Cryptococcus neoformans, implicated in HIV disease w6x; and against Malassezia pachydermatis, found in dog’s otitis externa w7x. Due to these polyvalent performances, and to the sweet fragrance of this natural product, the O. gratissimum essential oil containing a high level of ethyl cinnamate seems especially suitable for dermatology and cosmetology.
References w1x Perry L, Metzger J. Medicinal plants of east and south east Asia. Cambridge: The MIT Press, 1980:190. w2x Bouquet A. Feticheurs et medecines traditionnelles du Congo. Paris: ORSTOM, 1969:143. ´ ´ w3x Pino JA, Rosado A, Fuentes V. J Essent Oil Res 1996;8:139.
N. Kishore Dubey et al. r Fitoterapia 71 (2000) 567᎐569
569
w4x Guenther E. The essential oils. New York: Guenther Ed, 1972. w5x Depo Y, Michel D, Mandin D, Andriamboavojy H, Poitry P, Chaumont JP, Millet-Clerc J. Acta Bot Gallica 1996;143:29. w6x Dromer F, Dupont F. J Med Mycol 1996;6Ž1.:1. w7x Kiss G, Radvanyis S, Szigetti G. J Small Anim Pract 1997;38:51.