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Antimicrobial activity of alkaloidal fraction from barks of Himatanthus lancifolius
Fitoterapia 75 (2004) 750 – 753 www.elsevier.com/locate/fitote
Short report
Antimicrobial activity of alkaloidal fraction from barks of Himatanthus lancifolius W.M. Souza, A.E.M. Stinghen, C.A.M. Santos* Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Parana´, Rua Pref. Lothario Meissner, 3400, Jardim Botaˆnico, 80210-070 Curitiba, Brazil Received 25 June 2003; accepted in revised form 3 September 2004 Available online 2 November 2004
Abstract The alkaloidal fraction from Himatanthus lancifolius barks demonstrated a broad-spectrum in vitro antimicrobial activity for most of the Gram (+) and Gram ( ) tested microorganisms. D 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Himatanthus lancifolius; Indole alkaloids; Antimicrobial activity
1. Plant Himatanthus lancifolius (Mqell. Arg) Woodson (Apocynaceae), stem barks commercially acquired in the surroundings areas of Sa˜o Paulo, Brazil in February 2003. It was identified according to description of Brazilian Pharmacopoeia I [1] and by macro- and microscopically comparison with authentic sample at the Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Parana´, Curitiba, PR. A voucher specimen was deposited in the Herbarium of the laboratory.
* Corresponding author. Tel./fax: +55 41 3604062. E-mail address: [email protected] (C.A.M. Santos). 0367-326X/$ - see front matter D 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.fitote.2004.09.012
W.M. Souza et al. / Fitoterapia 75 (2004) 750–753
751
Table 1 Antimicrobial activity of alkaloidal fraction of H. lancifolius stem bark in DMSOa Microorganism
250 Ag/ml
500 Ag/ml
1000 Ag/ml
Inhibition zoneb Standard (Chl)
S. aureus—ATCC25923 S. aureus—ATCC29213 S. aureus c S. aureus—MRSA E. faecalis—ATCC29212 S. pneumoniae S. epidermides K. pneumoniae—ATCC700603 E. coli—ATCC352181B E. coli—ATCC25922 P. aeruginosa—ATCC27853 P. mirabilis M. morganii P. agglomerans A. baumanii
G (+) G (+) G (+) G (+) G (+) G (+) G (+) G( ) G( ) G( ) G( ) G( ) G( ) G( ) G( )
– – – – – – 10 – – – – – – – –
10 12 14 – 10 – 16 – – – – – – – –
16 16 17 12 15 13 20 – 10 12 – – – 13 16
27 24 28 – 29 25 30 15 9 26 13 30 – – –
Chl (chloramphenicol, 30 Ag/ml); ( ) no inhibition. a Values of the mean of three replicates. b Including the diameter of the bore (6 mm). c Canine species.
Table 2 Antimicrobial activity of alkaloidal fraction from H. lancifolius stem barks in EtOHa Microorganism
250 Ag/ml
500 Ag/ml
1000 Ag/ml
Inhibition zoneb
– – – – – – 10 – – – – – – – –
10 10 14 – 10 – 16 – – – – – – – –
16 13 17 12 14 14 20 – – 12 – – – 10 10
27 24 28 – 29 25 30 15 – 26 13 30 – – –
Standards (Chl) S. aureus—ATCC25923 S. aureus—ATCC29213 S. aureus c S. aureus—MRSA E. faecalis—ATCC29212 S. pneumoniae S. epidermides K. pneumoniae—ATCC700603 E. coli—ATCC352181B E. coli—ATCC25922 P. aeruginosa—ATCC27853 P. mirabilis M. morganii P. agglomerans A. baumanii
G (+) G (+) G (+) G (+) G (+) G (+) G (+) G( ) G( ) G( ) G( ) G( ) G( ) G( ) G( )
Chl: chloramphenicol (30 Ag/ml); ( ) no inhibition. a Values of the mean of three replicates. b Including the diameter of the bore (6 mm). c Canine species.
752
W.M. Souza et al. / Fitoterapia 75 (2004) 750–753
2. Uses in traditional medicine Plant known in the folk medicine as agoniada and indicated to treat skin diseases, asthma, syphilis, and mainly to stimulate the uterine contractions, helping the conception and regularizing menstruation [2]. A crude extract has been shown to possess antiulcer activity [3].
3. Previously isolated constituents Iridoids [4] and two indole alkaloids: ulein and (+)demethoxyaspidospermine [5].
4. Tested material Alkaloidal fraction after acidic extraction of the plant material (Yield: 3.5%).
5. Studied activity Antimicrobial activity by the standardized disc diffusion method [6].
6. Used microorganisms Bacterial cultures were obtained from standard ATCC strains and from recently isolated human clinical samples of microbiology section in Cajuru Ana´lises Clı´nicas Laboratory (listed in Tables 1 and 2).
7. Results Reported in Tables 1 and 2.
8. Conclusions The results indicated that the alkaloidal fraction from the barks of H. lancifolius is active against some gram negative and positive human pathogens as Staphylococcus aureus including MRSA strains, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Pantoea agglomerans, and Acinetobacter baumanii and some animals pathogens as S. aureus canine. The same extract did not show any activity against Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Morganella morganii. This activity could be attributed to the presence of indole alkaloids, principal chemical compounds of this genus. There is no significant difference between the two solvents used.
W.M. Souza et al. / Fitoterapia 75 (2004) 750–753
753
Acknowledgments The authors wish to thank the Cajuru Ana´lises Clı´nicas for assistance.
References [1] Albino R. Farmacope´ia Brasileira. Sa˜o Paulo7 Cia Editora Nacional; 1929. p. 56. [2] Correˆa P. Diciona´rio das plantas u´teis do Brasil e das exo´ticas cultivadas. Rio de Janeiro7 Impreensa Nacional; 1984. [3] Finau J, Anguinoni M, Santos JES, Terluk MR, Santos CAM, Rieck L, et al. XIV Reunia˜o Anual da Federac¸a˜o; Caxambu-Brasil:1996. [4] Pekolt T. Arch Pharm 1870;2:40. [5] Franc¸a OO, Brown RT, Santos CAM. Fitoterapia 2000;71:208. [6] National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standard (NCCLS). Approved standard M100-S12: performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. In: Villanova PA, editor. Twelfth Informational Supplement, 2002.
Short report
Antimicrobial activity of alkaloidal fraction from barks of Himatanthus lancifolius W.M. Souza, A.E.M. Stinghen, C.A.M. Santos* Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal do Parana´, Rua Pref. Lothario Meissner, 3400, Jardim Botaˆnico, 80210-070 Curitiba, Brazil Received 25 June 2003; accepted in revised form 3 September 2004 Available online 2 November 2004
Abstract The alkaloidal fraction from Himatanthus lancifolius barks demonstrated a broad-spectrum in vitro antimicrobial activity for most of the Gram (+) and Gram ( ) tested microorganisms. D 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Himatanthus lancifolius; Indole alkaloids; Antimicrobial activity
1. Plant Himatanthus lancifolius (Mqell. Arg) Woodson (Apocynaceae), stem barks commercially acquired in the surroundings areas of Sa˜o Paulo, Brazil in February 2003. It was identified according to description of Brazilian Pharmacopoeia I [1] and by macro- and microscopically comparison with authentic sample at the Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Parana´, Curitiba, PR. A voucher specimen was deposited in the Herbarium of the laboratory.
* Corresponding author. Tel./fax: +55 41 3604062. E-mail address: [email protected] (C.A.M. Santos). 0367-326X/$ - see front matter D 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.fitote.2004.09.012
W.M. Souza et al. / Fitoterapia 75 (2004) 750–753
751
Table 1 Antimicrobial activity of alkaloidal fraction of H. lancifolius stem bark in DMSOa Microorganism
250 Ag/ml
500 Ag/ml
1000 Ag/ml
Inhibition zoneb Standard (Chl)
S. aureus—ATCC25923 S. aureus—ATCC29213 S. aureus c S. aureus—MRSA E. faecalis—ATCC29212 S. pneumoniae S. epidermides K. pneumoniae—ATCC700603 E. coli—ATCC352181B E. coli—ATCC25922 P. aeruginosa—ATCC27853 P. mirabilis M. morganii P. agglomerans A. baumanii
G (+) G (+) G (+) G (+) G (+) G (+) G (+) G( ) G( ) G( ) G( ) G( ) G( ) G( ) G( )
– – – – – – 10 – – – – – – – –
10 12 14 – 10 – 16 – – – – – – – –
16 16 17 12 15 13 20 – 10 12 – – – 13 16
27 24 28 – 29 25 30 15 9 26 13 30 – – –
Chl (chloramphenicol, 30 Ag/ml); ( ) no inhibition. a Values of the mean of three replicates. b Including the diameter of the bore (6 mm). c Canine species.
Table 2 Antimicrobial activity of alkaloidal fraction from H. lancifolius stem barks in EtOHa Microorganism
250 Ag/ml
500 Ag/ml
1000 Ag/ml
Inhibition zoneb
– – – – – – 10 – – – – – – – –
10 10 14 – 10 – 16 – – – – – – – –
16 13 17 12 14 14 20 – – 12 – – – 10 10
27 24 28 – 29 25 30 15 – 26 13 30 – – –
Standards (Chl) S. aureus—ATCC25923 S. aureus—ATCC29213 S. aureus c S. aureus—MRSA E. faecalis—ATCC29212 S. pneumoniae S. epidermides K. pneumoniae—ATCC700603 E. coli—ATCC352181B E. coli—ATCC25922 P. aeruginosa—ATCC27853 P. mirabilis M. morganii P. agglomerans A. baumanii
G (+) G (+) G (+) G (+) G (+) G (+) G (+) G( ) G( ) G( ) G( ) G( ) G( ) G( ) G( )
Chl: chloramphenicol (30 Ag/ml); ( ) no inhibition. a Values of the mean of three replicates. b Including the diameter of the bore (6 mm). c Canine species.
752
W.M. Souza et al. / Fitoterapia 75 (2004) 750–753
2. Uses in traditional medicine Plant known in the folk medicine as agoniada and indicated to treat skin diseases, asthma, syphilis, and mainly to stimulate the uterine contractions, helping the conception and regularizing menstruation [2]. A crude extract has been shown to possess antiulcer activity [3].
3. Previously isolated constituents Iridoids [4] and two indole alkaloids: ulein and (+)demethoxyaspidospermine [5].
4. Tested material Alkaloidal fraction after acidic extraction of the plant material (Yield: 3.5%).
5. Studied activity Antimicrobial activity by the standardized disc diffusion method [6].
6. Used microorganisms Bacterial cultures were obtained from standard ATCC strains and from recently isolated human clinical samples of microbiology section in Cajuru Ana´lises Clı´nicas Laboratory (listed in Tables 1 and 2).
7. Results Reported in Tables 1 and 2.
8. Conclusions The results indicated that the alkaloidal fraction from the barks of H. lancifolius is active against some gram negative and positive human pathogens as Staphylococcus aureus including MRSA strains, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Pantoea agglomerans, and Acinetobacter baumanii and some animals pathogens as S. aureus canine. The same extract did not show any activity against Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Morganella morganii. This activity could be attributed to the presence of indole alkaloids, principal chemical compounds of this genus. There is no significant difference between the two solvents used.
W.M. Souza et al. / Fitoterapia 75 (2004) 750–753
753
Acknowledgments The authors wish to thank the Cajuru Ana´lises Clı´nicas for assistance.
References [1] Albino R. Farmacope´ia Brasileira. Sa˜o Paulo7 Cia Editora Nacional; 1929. p. 56. [2] Correˆa P. Diciona´rio das plantas u´teis do Brasil e das exo´ticas cultivadas. Rio de Janeiro7 Impreensa Nacional; 1984. [3] Finau J, Anguinoni M, Santos JES, Terluk MR, Santos CAM, Rieck L, et al. XIV Reunia˜o Anual da Federac¸a˜o; Caxambu-Brasil:1996. [4] Pekolt T. Arch Pharm 1870;2:40. [5] Franc¸a OO, Brown RT, Santos CAM. Fitoterapia 2000;71:208. [6] National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standard (NCCLS). Approved standard M100-S12: performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. In: Villanova PA, editor. Twelfth Informational Supplement, 2002.