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Antimicrobial activity of some endemic plants growing in the Eastern Black Sea Region, Turkey
Fitoterapia 77 (2006) 388 – 391 www.elsevier.com/locate/fitote
Short report
Antimicrobial activity of some endemic plants growing in the Eastern Black Sea Region, Turkey Kurtulus Buruk a,⁎, Atalay Sokmen b , Faruk Aydin a , Murat Erturk a a
Department of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey b Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Art, University of Cumhuriyet, 58140 Sivas, Turkey Received 5 August 2005; accepted 31 March 2006 Available online 18 April 2006
Abstract The Eastern Black Sea Region has an extensive flora because of ample rainfall lasting all year. In this study, antimicrobial effects of 74 crude extracts of 22 endemic plants were investigated. Among the 30 active crude extracts, water-insoluble crude extracts from Betula medwediewii, Heracleum platytaenium, Primula longipes, Anthemis cretica ssp. argaea and Centaurea helenioides were the prominent ones with their MIC values. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Betula medwediewii; Heracleum platytaenium; Primula longipes; Anthemis cretica ssp. argaea; Centaurea helenioides; Antibacterial activity
1. Plants Twenty-two plants (Table 1) used in preparation of the extracts were collected in Summer from various parts of the Eastern Black Sea Region, Turkey and identified by Associate Prof. Dr. Salih Terzioglu of the Faculty of Forestry, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon. 2. Use in traditional medicine No traditional usage was present although some species in the same genus were reported previously [1–3]. 3. Previously isolated constituents No report.
⁎ Corresponding author. Tel.: +90 462 377 53 18; fax: +90 462 325 22 70. E-mail address: [email protected] (K. Buruk). 0367-326X/$ - see front matter © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.fitote.2006.03.002
K. Buruk et al. / Fitoterapia 77 (2006) 388–391
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Table 1 Antimicrobial activity of the Eastern Black Sea Region plant extracts (MIC, mg/ml) Plants
Family
Part a
Alchemilla rizeensis
Rosaceae
Angelica sylvestris var. stenoptera
Umbelliferae
Anthemis cretica ssp. argaea
Compositae
Betula medwediewii
Betulaceae
Campanula betulifolia
Campanulaceae
Centaurea appendicigera
Compositae
Centaurea helenioides
Compositae
Delphinium formosum
Ranunculaceae
Heracleum platytaenium
Umbelliferae
Jasione supina ssp. pontica
Campanulaceae
Lamium sulfureum
Labiatae
Onobrychis armena
Leguminosae
Papaver lateritium
Papaveraceae
Phlomis russeliana
Labiatae
Primula longipes
Primulaceae
Quercus macranthera ssp. syspirensis
Fagaceae
Fl+S-wi Fl+S-ws A-wi A-ws L-wi L-ws S-wi S-ws L-wi L-ws Fl+S-wi Fl+S-ws L-wi L-ws Fr-wi Fr-ws L-wi L-ws L-wi L-ws Fl-wi Fl-ws L-wi L-ws Fl-wi Fl-ws L-wi L-ws Fl-wi Fl-ws L-wi L-ws Fl+S-wi Fl+S-ws A-wi A-ws A-wi A-ws L-wi L-ws L-wi L-ws S-wi S-ws Fl-wi Fl-ws L-wi L-ws Fl-wi Fl-ws A-wi A-ws L-wi L-ws Fr-wi Fr-ws
Microorganisms b Ec
Bc
Sa
Bs
Hp
Ca
Tr
– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
N1000 0.312 – 0.312 0.625 0.625 – 0.156 0.156 – N1000 – N1000 0.312 0.312 0.312 – – N1000 – N1000 N1000 0.312 – N1000 – 0.625 – 0.625 – 0.156 – 0.156 – – – – – – N1000 N1000 – 0.625 – N1000 – – – – – 0.156 – N1000 0.312 N1000 0.156
0.312 – – 0.625 N1000 – N1000 – 0.156 – N1000 – N1000 – 0.078 0.039 – – N1000 – – – 0.156 – – – 0.625 – N1000 – 0.312 – 0.312 – – – – – – 0.625 N1000 – N1000 – – – – – – – 0.078 – – – – –
– N1000 – N1000 N1000 – – N1000 0.625 – – – N1000 – 0.078 0.312 – – – – – – N1000 – N1000 – N1000 – 0.625 – – – 0.625 – – – – – – N1000 N1000 – N1000 – – – – – – – 0.625 – – N1000 – 0.625
N1000 0.625 – 0.078 0.312 – – – 0.156 – N1000 – 0.625 – 0.019 0.156 – – – – – – 0.156 0.625 0.625 – N1000 – 0.312 – 0.019 – 0.156 – – – – – – – – – 0.625 – N1000 – – – – – 0.039 – – 0.625 0.312 0.078
– – – – – – – – N1000 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – N1000 – – – – – – – – – N1000 – N1000 – – – – – 0.312 – – – – –
0.625 0.625 b1000 0.625 0.039 – 0.625 N1000 0.078 – N1000 – N1000 N1000 N1000 0.625 – – 0.625 – – – 0.625 – N1000 – N1000 – N1000 – 0.156 – 0.078 – – – – – – 0.625 0.625 – 0.625 – N1000 – – – – – 0.019 – – – 0.625 0.625
(continued on next page)
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K. Buruk et al. / Fitoterapia 77 (2006) 388–391
Table 1 (continued) Plants
Family
Quercus pontica
Fagaceae
Rhododendron ponticum ssp. ponticum var. heterophyllum
Ericaceae
Rosa pisiformis
Rosaceae
Salix rizeensis
Salicaceae
Sempervivum armenum
Crassulaceae
Verbascum varians var. trapezunticum
Scrophulariaceae
Ampicillinc Amphotericin Bd Fluconazolee a b c d e
Part a
L-wi L-ws L-wi L-ws Fl+S-wi Fl+S-ws L-wi L-ws L-wi L-ws Fr-wi Fr-ws L-wi L-ws L-wi L-ws S-wi S-ws
Microorganisms b Ec
Bc
Sa
Bs
Hp
Ca
Tr
– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 1.562
– 0.156 – 0.625 – N1000 N1000 0.078 – N1000 – – – – N1000 – – – 0.781
– – – 0.625 – 0.312 N1000 – – 0.156 – – – – – – – – 0.781
– N1000 – N1000 – 0.312 N1000 – – N1000 – – – – – – – – 1.562
– 0.156 – 0.625 – 0.625 0.625 0.039 – 0.312 – – – – – – – – 0.390
– – – – – – N1000 – – – – – – – N1000 – – –
0.625 N1000 – N1000 – 0.625 0.625 0.312 – 0.625 – – – – 0.625 – – –
0.312 0.156
Parts used, L, leaf; S, seed; Fr, fruit; Fl, flower; A, aerial parts. wi, water-insoluble; ws, water-soluble. Ec, E. coli; Bc, B. catarrhalis; Sa, S. aureus; Bs, B. subtilis; Hp, H. pylori; Ca, C. albicans; Tr, T. rubrum. Control for bacteria (μg/ml). Control for yeast (μg/ml). Control for filamentous fungi (μg/ml).
4. Tested material Lyophilized extracts of different parts of plants obtained from chloroform and water partitions after MeOH Soxhlet extraction [4]. 5. Studied activity Antibacterial and antifungal activity was determined by agar well diffusion and broth microdilution methods [5,6]. 6. Used microorganisms Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Branhamella catarrhalis ATCC 25238, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Helicobacter pylori ATCC 49503, Candida albicans ATCC 60193 and Trichophyton rubrum (clinical isolate) strains. 7. Results Reported in Table 1. 8. Conclusions No extract was found active against E. coli. Of all the extracts tested, 41 crude extracts were found to have an activity (55.4%) at least against a microorganism, mostly water-insoluble extracts (61%). B. medwediewii, H. platytaenium, P. longipes, A. cretica ssp. argaea and C. helenioides were the most bioactive plants.
K. Buruk et al. / Fitoterapia 77 (2006) 388–391
391
Acknowledgements We wish to thank Prof. Dr. Rahim Ansin, Associate Prof. Dr. Salih Terzioglu of the Faculty of Forestry, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey, and Associate Prof. Dr. Munevver Sokmen of the Faculty of Science and Art, University of Cumhuriyet, Sivas, Turkey. References [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6]
Yeşilada E, Gurbuz İ, Shibata H. J Ethnopharmacol 1999;66:289. Jones NP, Arnason JT, Abou-Zaid M, Akpagana K, Sanchez-Vindas P, Smith ML. J Ethnopharmacol 2000;73:191. Rauha J, Remes S, Heinonen M, Hopia A, Kähkönen M, Kujala T, et al. J Ethnopharmacol 2000;56:3. Sokmen A, Jones BM, Erturk M. J Ethnopharmacol 1999;67:79. Valsaraj R, Pushpangadan P, Smitt UW, Adsersen A, Nyman U. J Ethnopharmacol 1997;58:75. Shiota S, Shimizu M, Mizusima T, Ito H, Hatano T, Yoshida T, et al. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2000;185:135.
Short report
Antimicrobial activity of some endemic plants growing in the Eastern Black Sea Region, Turkey Kurtulus Buruk a,⁎, Atalay Sokmen b , Faruk Aydin a , Murat Erturk a a
Department of Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, School of Medicine, Karadeniz Technical University, 61080 Trabzon, Turkey b Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Art, University of Cumhuriyet, 58140 Sivas, Turkey Received 5 August 2005; accepted 31 March 2006 Available online 18 April 2006
Abstract The Eastern Black Sea Region has an extensive flora because of ample rainfall lasting all year. In this study, antimicrobial effects of 74 crude extracts of 22 endemic plants were investigated. Among the 30 active crude extracts, water-insoluble crude extracts from Betula medwediewii, Heracleum platytaenium, Primula longipes, Anthemis cretica ssp. argaea and Centaurea helenioides were the prominent ones with their MIC values. © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Betula medwediewii; Heracleum platytaenium; Primula longipes; Anthemis cretica ssp. argaea; Centaurea helenioides; Antibacterial activity
1. Plants Twenty-two plants (Table 1) used in preparation of the extracts were collected in Summer from various parts of the Eastern Black Sea Region, Turkey and identified by Associate Prof. Dr. Salih Terzioglu of the Faculty of Forestry, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon. 2. Use in traditional medicine No traditional usage was present although some species in the same genus were reported previously [1–3]. 3. Previously isolated constituents No report.
⁎ Corresponding author. Tel.: +90 462 377 53 18; fax: +90 462 325 22 70. E-mail address: [email protected] (K. Buruk). 0367-326X/$ - see front matter © 2006 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.fitote.2006.03.002
K. Buruk et al. / Fitoterapia 77 (2006) 388–391
389
Table 1 Antimicrobial activity of the Eastern Black Sea Region plant extracts (MIC, mg/ml) Plants
Family
Part a
Alchemilla rizeensis
Rosaceae
Angelica sylvestris var. stenoptera
Umbelliferae
Anthemis cretica ssp. argaea
Compositae
Betula medwediewii
Betulaceae
Campanula betulifolia
Campanulaceae
Centaurea appendicigera
Compositae
Centaurea helenioides
Compositae
Delphinium formosum
Ranunculaceae
Heracleum platytaenium
Umbelliferae
Jasione supina ssp. pontica
Campanulaceae
Lamium sulfureum
Labiatae
Onobrychis armena
Leguminosae
Papaver lateritium
Papaveraceae
Phlomis russeliana
Labiatae
Primula longipes
Primulaceae
Quercus macranthera ssp. syspirensis
Fagaceae
Fl+S-wi Fl+S-ws A-wi A-ws L-wi L-ws S-wi S-ws L-wi L-ws Fl+S-wi Fl+S-ws L-wi L-ws Fr-wi Fr-ws L-wi L-ws L-wi L-ws Fl-wi Fl-ws L-wi L-ws Fl-wi Fl-ws L-wi L-ws Fl-wi Fl-ws L-wi L-ws Fl+S-wi Fl+S-ws A-wi A-ws A-wi A-ws L-wi L-ws L-wi L-ws S-wi S-ws Fl-wi Fl-ws L-wi L-ws Fl-wi Fl-ws A-wi A-ws L-wi L-ws Fr-wi Fr-ws
Microorganisms b Ec
Bc
Sa
Bs
Hp
Ca
Tr
– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – –
N1000 0.312 – 0.312 0.625 0.625 – 0.156 0.156 – N1000 – N1000 0.312 0.312 0.312 – – N1000 – N1000 N1000 0.312 – N1000 – 0.625 – 0.625 – 0.156 – 0.156 – – – – – – N1000 N1000 – 0.625 – N1000 – – – – – 0.156 – N1000 0.312 N1000 0.156
0.312 – – 0.625 N1000 – N1000 – 0.156 – N1000 – N1000 – 0.078 0.039 – – N1000 – – – 0.156 – – – 0.625 – N1000 – 0.312 – 0.312 – – – – – – 0.625 N1000 – N1000 – – – – – – – 0.078 – – – – –
– N1000 – N1000 N1000 – – N1000 0.625 – – – N1000 – 0.078 0.312 – – – – – – N1000 – N1000 – N1000 – 0.625 – – – 0.625 – – – – – – N1000 N1000 – N1000 – – – – – – – 0.625 – – N1000 – 0.625
N1000 0.625 – 0.078 0.312 – – – 0.156 – N1000 – 0.625 – 0.019 0.156 – – – – – – 0.156 0.625 0.625 – N1000 – 0.312 – 0.019 – 0.156 – – – – – – – – – 0.625 – N1000 – – – – – 0.039 – – 0.625 0.312 0.078
– – – – – – – – N1000 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – N1000 – – – – – – – – – N1000 – N1000 – – – – – 0.312 – – – – –
0.625 0.625 b1000 0.625 0.039 – 0.625 N1000 0.078 – N1000 – N1000 N1000 N1000 0.625 – – 0.625 – – – 0.625 – N1000 – N1000 – N1000 – 0.156 – 0.078 – – – – – – 0.625 0.625 – 0.625 – N1000 – – – – – 0.019 – – – 0.625 0.625
(continued on next page)
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K. Buruk et al. / Fitoterapia 77 (2006) 388–391
Table 1 (continued) Plants
Family
Quercus pontica
Fagaceae
Rhododendron ponticum ssp. ponticum var. heterophyllum
Ericaceae
Rosa pisiformis
Rosaceae
Salix rizeensis
Salicaceae
Sempervivum armenum
Crassulaceae
Verbascum varians var. trapezunticum
Scrophulariaceae
Ampicillinc Amphotericin Bd Fluconazolee a b c d e
Part a
L-wi L-ws L-wi L-ws Fl+S-wi Fl+S-ws L-wi L-ws L-wi L-ws Fr-wi Fr-ws L-wi L-ws L-wi L-ws S-wi S-ws
Microorganisms b Ec
Bc
Sa
Bs
Hp
Ca
Tr
– – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – 1.562
– 0.156 – 0.625 – N1000 N1000 0.078 – N1000 – – – – N1000 – – – 0.781
– – – 0.625 – 0.312 N1000 – – 0.156 – – – – – – – – 0.781
– N1000 – N1000 – 0.312 N1000 – – N1000 – – – – – – – – 1.562
– 0.156 – 0.625 – 0.625 0.625 0.039 – 0.312 – – – – – – – – 0.390
– – – – – – N1000 – – – – – – – N1000 – – –
0.625 N1000 – N1000 – 0.625 0.625 0.312 – 0.625 – – – – 0.625 – – –
0.312 0.156
Parts used, L, leaf; S, seed; Fr, fruit; Fl, flower; A, aerial parts. wi, water-insoluble; ws, water-soluble. Ec, E. coli; Bc, B. catarrhalis; Sa, S. aureus; Bs, B. subtilis; Hp, H. pylori; Ca, C. albicans; Tr, T. rubrum. Control for bacteria (μg/ml). Control for yeast (μg/ml). Control for filamentous fungi (μg/ml).
4. Tested material Lyophilized extracts of different parts of plants obtained from chloroform and water partitions after MeOH Soxhlet extraction [4]. 5. Studied activity Antibacterial and antifungal activity was determined by agar well diffusion and broth microdilution methods [5,6]. 6. Used microorganisms Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, Branhamella catarrhalis ATCC 25238, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Helicobacter pylori ATCC 49503, Candida albicans ATCC 60193 and Trichophyton rubrum (clinical isolate) strains. 7. Results Reported in Table 1. 8. Conclusions No extract was found active against E. coli. Of all the extracts tested, 41 crude extracts were found to have an activity (55.4%) at least against a microorganism, mostly water-insoluble extracts (61%). B. medwediewii, H. platytaenium, P. longipes, A. cretica ssp. argaea and C. helenioides were the most bioactive plants.
K. Buruk et al. / Fitoterapia 77 (2006) 388–391
391
Acknowledgements We wish to thank Prof. Dr. Rahim Ansin, Associate Prof. Dr. Salih Terzioglu of the Faculty of Forestry, Karadeniz Technical University, Trabzon, Turkey, and Associate Prof. Dr. Munevver Sokmen of the Faculty of Science and Art, University of Cumhuriyet, Sivas, Turkey. References [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6]
Yeşilada E, Gurbuz İ, Shibata H. J Ethnopharmacol 1999;66:289. Jones NP, Arnason JT, Abou-Zaid M, Akpagana K, Sanchez-Vindas P, Smith ML. J Ethnopharmacol 2000;73:191. Rauha J, Remes S, Heinonen M, Hopia A, Kähkönen M, Kujala T, et al. J Ethnopharmacol 2000;56:3. Sokmen A, Jones BM, Erturk M. J Ethnopharmacol 1999;67:79. Valsaraj R, Pushpangadan P, Smitt UW, Adsersen A, Nyman U. J Ethnopharmacol 1997;58:75. Shiota S, Shimizu M, Mizusima T, Ito H, Hatano T, Yoshida T, et al. FEMS Microbiol Lett 2000;185:135.