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Antinociceptive effects of hydroalcoholic extract and essential oil of Zataria multiflora
Fitoterapia 75 (2004) 217–220
Short report
Antinociceptive effects of hydroalcoholic extract and essential oil of Zataria multiflora Fariba Jaffarya,*, Alireza Ghannadib, Amir Siahpoushb a
Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran b Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran Received 15 May 2003; accepted in revised form 15 December 2003
Abstract Antinociceptive effect of hydroalcoholic extract and essential oil of Zataria multiflora was studied using writhing, tail flick and formalin tests. In tail flick test, the hydroalcholic extract (500 mgykg, i.p.) and the essential oil (0.3 mlykg, i.p.) of the plant showed antinociceptive activity (P-0.05). Moreover, they showed antinociceptive activity in writhing and formalin tests. 䊚 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Zataria multiflora; Antinociceptive activity
Plant. Zataria multiflora Boiss., aerial parts collected in June 1998, on the Kolahghazi Mountains near Isfahan, Iran. The plant specimen was identified by Dr G.R. Amin in Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. A voucher specimen has been maintained in Herbarium of Pharmacognosy Department, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. *Corresponding author. Fax: q98-311-6680011. E-mail address: [email protected] (F. Jaffary). 0367-326X/04/$ - see front matter 䊚 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.fitote.2003.12.015
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F. Jaffary et al. / Fitoterapia 75 (2004) 217–220
Uses in traditional medicine and reported activities. Aerial parts and leaves of Z. multiflora are reputed to be an effective remedy for treating pains and gastrointestinal disorders w1–4x.
Previously isolated class of constitutes. Linalool, linalyl acetate w5,6x, p-cymene and luteolin w4,7x. Phytochemical screening of ethanolic extract of the plant gave positive tests for flavonoids and tannins.
Tested material. Hydroalcoholic extract (yield 54.0%, dried material), polyphenolic fraction w8x (yield 39.0%). Essential oil (1% vyw) w9x.
Studied activity. Analgesic activity by acetic acid induced writhing method in mice w8,10x, formalin test w11,12x and tail flick in rats w13x.
Fig. 1. Effect of hydroalcoholic extract and of essential oil of Z. multiflora on acetic acid induced writhings in mice. *P-0.05; ns6.
F. Jaffary et al. / Fitoterapia 75 (2004) 217–220
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Animals. Male albino Wistar rats (180–220 g) and male albino Swiss mice (25– 30 g) were obtained from the central animal houses of the Karaj Razi Institute and Tehran Pasteur Institute. They were kept at standard environmental conditions and were allowed free access to food and water. Results. Reported in Fig. 1 and Tables 1 and 2. Conclusions. The present results indicate that the hydroalcoholic extract and the essential oil of Z. multiflora possess antinociceptive activity. Oral administration of hydroalcoholoic extract did not have any effect in tail flick test although it was effective in i.p. injection. The presence of active substances, which could not be absorbed in gut or extensively metabolized in liver can explain the latter. Table 1 Antinociceptive activity of hydroalcoholic extract and essential oil of Z. multiflora aerial parts on tail flick test in rats Time (min)
Control 5 mlykg (i.p.)
Hydroalcoholic extract 900 mgykg (p.o)
500 mgykg (i.p.)
15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120
3.7"0.94 4.76"1.93 6.36"3.45 4.72"1.14 3.91"0.86 3.8"0.78 3.59"1.45 5.01"1.84
1.71"0.79 2.3"0.75 1.2"0.61 3.69"1.2 1.43"0.89 4.45"1.44 5.55"1.86 2.43"1.07
33.81"4.2** 65.58"9.12** 60.4"10.15** 41.55"9.2** 30.13"8.83* 17.75"7.26 17.45"9.19 14.73"7.56
Essential oil 0.3 mlykg
Morphine 5 mgykg
24.02"5.3** 35.95"12.65* 21.18"5.6* 17.99"5.44* 10.08"5.21 9.57"3.9 9.02"2.37 5.55"1.23
49"10.22** 100"0.0** 100"0.0** 100"0.0** 93.82"6.17** 77.79"14.49** 68.5"13.95** 48.9"11.65**
*Significantly different from control value at P-0.05. **Significantly different from control value at P-0.01. ns6 Table 2 Antinociceptive activity of hydroalcoholic extract (HE) and essential oil of Z. multiflora aerial parts on formalin test in rats Treatment
Control (saline) HE Essential oil Morphine
Dose (i.p.)
5 mlykg 500 mgykg 0.3 mlykg 8 mgykg
Paw licking time (s) Phase (0–5 min)
Phase (15–30)
79.6"18.40 17.6"11.05 4.25"3.75* 1"1.03*
263"22.33 74"23.79* 28.75"27.1* 3"3.57*
ns6. * Significantly different from control value at P-0.01.
*
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F. Jaffary et al. / Fitoterapia 75 (2004) 217–220
Hydroalcoholic and essential oil of Z. multiflora were effective in both phases of formalin test and as well in light tail flick and writing test, which is consistent with the possible mechanisms of these tests. The overall activity of this plant in the above tests suggests both central and peripheral antinociceptive activity of Z. multiflora w14,15x. Our results are consistent with Hosseinzadeh et al., study that have reported antinociceptive effects of aqueous infusion and maceration of the aerial parts of Z. multiflora w16x using hot-plate and writhing tests in mice. Acknowledgments The authors wish to thank Dr A. Mohagheghzadeh, Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz Univ. Med. Sci. for valuable inputs and Dr G.R. Amin, Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Univ. Med. Sci. for identification of the plant material. This research was financially supported by a grant from the Research Council of the Isfahan Univ. Med. Sci., Iran. References w1x Amin GR. Tehran: Iranian Ministry of Health, 1991. p. 40. w2x Hooper D, Field H. Chicago: Bot Ser Field Mus Nat Hist, 1937. p. 187 (Pub. 387). w3x Dymock W, Warden CJH, Hooper D. Karachi: Institute of Health and Tibbi Research, 1972. p. 359. w4x Ali MS, Saleem M, Akhtar F, Jahangir M, Parvez M, Ahmad VU. Phytochemistry 1999;52:685. w5x Mohagheghzadeh A, Shams-Ardakani M, Ghannadi A. Flavour Fragr J 2000;15:119. w6x Mohagheghzadeh A. Ph.D. Thesis, Isfahan Univ Med Sci-School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sci. 2000: p. 78. w7x Ali MS, Saleem M, Ali Z, Ahmad VU. Phytochemistry 2000;55:933. w8x Hajhashemi V, Ghannadi A, Pezeshkian SK. J Ethnopharmacol 2002;82:83. w9x European Pharmacopoeia, vol. 3. Sainte Ruffine: Maisonneuve SA, 1975: 68. w10x Cao BJ, Meng QY, Ji N. Planta Med 1992;58:496. w11x Ohkubo T, Shibata M, Takahashi H. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1990;252:1261. w12x Tjolsen A, Berge OG, Hunskaar S, Rosland JH, Hole K. Pain 1992;51:5. w13x D’Amour FE, Smith DC. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1941;72:74. w14x Coderre TJ, Vacarino AL, Melzack R. Brain Res 1990;535:155. w15x Chen YF, Tsai HY, Wu TS. Planta Med 1995;61:2. w16x Hosseinzadeh H, Ramezani M, Salmani G. J Ethnopharmacol 2000;73:379.
Short report
Antinociceptive effects of hydroalcoholic extract and essential oil of Zataria multiflora Fariba Jaffarya,*, Alireza Ghannadib, Amir Siahpoushb a
Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran b Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan 81746-73461, Iran Received 15 May 2003; accepted in revised form 15 December 2003
Abstract Antinociceptive effect of hydroalcoholic extract and essential oil of Zataria multiflora was studied using writhing, tail flick and formalin tests. In tail flick test, the hydroalcholic extract (500 mgykg, i.p.) and the essential oil (0.3 mlykg, i.p.) of the plant showed antinociceptive activity (P-0.05). Moreover, they showed antinociceptive activity in writhing and formalin tests. 䊚 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Zataria multiflora; Antinociceptive activity
Plant. Zataria multiflora Boiss., aerial parts collected in June 1998, on the Kolahghazi Mountains near Isfahan, Iran. The plant specimen was identified by Dr G.R. Amin in Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. A voucher specimen has been maintained in Herbarium of Pharmacognosy Department, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran. *Corresponding author. Fax: q98-311-6680011. E-mail address: [email protected] (F. Jaffary). 0367-326X/04/$ - see front matter 䊚 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.fitote.2003.12.015
218
F. Jaffary et al. / Fitoterapia 75 (2004) 217–220
Uses in traditional medicine and reported activities. Aerial parts and leaves of Z. multiflora are reputed to be an effective remedy for treating pains and gastrointestinal disorders w1–4x.
Previously isolated class of constitutes. Linalool, linalyl acetate w5,6x, p-cymene and luteolin w4,7x. Phytochemical screening of ethanolic extract of the plant gave positive tests for flavonoids and tannins.
Tested material. Hydroalcoholic extract (yield 54.0%, dried material), polyphenolic fraction w8x (yield 39.0%). Essential oil (1% vyw) w9x.
Studied activity. Analgesic activity by acetic acid induced writhing method in mice w8,10x, formalin test w11,12x and tail flick in rats w13x.
Fig. 1. Effect of hydroalcoholic extract and of essential oil of Z. multiflora on acetic acid induced writhings in mice. *P-0.05; ns6.
F. Jaffary et al. / Fitoterapia 75 (2004) 217–220
219
Animals. Male albino Wistar rats (180–220 g) and male albino Swiss mice (25– 30 g) were obtained from the central animal houses of the Karaj Razi Institute and Tehran Pasteur Institute. They were kept at standard environmental conditions and were allowed free access to food and water. Results. Reported in Fig. 1 and Tables 1 and 2. Conclusions. The present results indicate that the hydroalcoholic extract and the essential oil of Z. multiflora possess antinociceptive activity. Oral administration of hydroalcoholoic extract did not have any effect in tail flick test although it was effective in i.p. injection. The presence of active substances, which could not be absorbed in gut or extensively metabolized in liver can explain the latter. Table 1 Antinociceptive activity of hydroalcoholic extract and essential oil of Z. multiflora aerial parts on tail flick test in rats Time (min)
Control 5 mlykg (i.p.)
Hydroalcoholic extract 900 mgykg (p.o)
500 mgykg (i.p.)
15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120
3.7"0.94 4.76"1.93 6.36"3.45 4.72"1.14 3.91"0.86 3.8"0.78 3.59"1.45 5.01"1.84
1.71"0.79 2.3"0.75 1.2"0.61 3.69"1.2 1.43"0.89 4.45"1.44 5.55"1.86 2.43"1.07
33.81"4.2** 65.58"9.12** 60.4"10.15** 41.55"9.2** 30.13"8.83* 17.75"7.26 17.45"9.19 14.73"7.56
Essential oil 0.3 mlykg
Morphine 5 mgykg
24.02"5.3** 35.95"12.65* 21.18"5.6* 17.99"5.44* 10.08"5.21 9.57"3.9 9.02"2.37 5.55"1.23
49"10.22** 100"0.0** 100"0.0** 100"0.0** 93.82"6.17** 77.79"14.49** 68.5"13.95** 48.9"11.65**
*Significantly different from control value at P-0.05. **Significantly different from control value at P-0.01. ns6 Table 2 Antinociceptive activity of hydroalcoholic extract (HE) and essential oil of Z. multiflora aerial parts on formalin test in rats Treatment
Control (saline) HE Essential oil Morphine
Dose (i.p.)
5 mlykg 500 mgykg 0.3 mlykg 8 mgykg
Paw licking time (s) Phase (0–5 min)
Phase (15–30)
79.6"18.40 17.6"11.05 4.25"3.75* 1"1.03*
263"22.33 74"23.79* 28.75"27.1* 3"3.57*
ns6. * Significantly different from control value at P-0.01.
*
220
F. Jaffary et al. / Fitoterapia 75 (2004) 217–220
Hydroalcoholic and essential oil of Z. multiflora were effective in both phases of formalin test and as well in light tail flick and writing test, which is consistent with the possible mechanisms of these tests. The overall activity of this plant in the above tests suggests both central and peripheral antinociceptive activity of Z. multiflora w14,15x. Our results are consistent with Hosseinzadeh et al., study that have reported antinociceptive effects of aqueous infusion and maceration of the aerial parts of Z. multiflora w16x using hot-plate and writhing tests in mice. Acknowledgments The authors wish to thank Dr A. Mohagheghzadeh, Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Shiraz Univ. Med. Sci. for valuable inputs and Dr G.R. Amin, Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran Univ. Med. Sci. for identification of the plant material. This research was financially supported by a grant from the Research Council of the Isfahan Univ. Med. Sci., Iran. References w1x Amin GR. Tehran: Iranian Ministry of Health, 1991. p. 40. w2x Hooper D, Field H. Chicago: Bot Ser Field Mus Nat Hist, 1937. p. 187 (Pub. 387). w3x Dymock W, Warden CJH, Hooper D. Karachi: Institute of Health and Tibbi Research, 1972. p. 359. w4x Ali MS, Saleem M, Akhtar F, Jahangir M, Parvez M, Ahmad VU. Phytochemistry 1999;52:685. w5x Mohagheghzadeh A, Shams-Ardakani M, Ghannadi A. Flavour Fragr J 2000;15:119. w6x Mohagheghzadeh A. Ph.D. Thesis, Isfahan Univ Med Sci-School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sci. 2000: p. 78. w7x Ali MS, Saleem M, Ali Z, Ahmad VU. Phytochemistry 2000;55:933. w8x Hajhashemi V, Ghannadi A, Pezeshkian SK. J Ethnopharmacol 2002;82:83. w9x European Pharmacopoeia, vol. 3. Sainte Ruffine: Maisonneuve SA, 1975: 68. w10x Cao BJ, Meng QY, Ji N. Planta Med 1992;58:496. w11x Ohkubo T, Shibata M, Takahashi H. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1990;252:1261. w12x Tjolsen A, Berge OG, Hunskaar S, Rosland JH, Hole K. Pain 1992;51:5. w13x D’Amour FE, Smith DC. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 1941;72:74. w14x Coderre TJ, Vacarino AL, Melzack R. Brain Res 1990;535:155. w15x Chen YF, Tsai HY, Wu TS. Planta Med 1995;61:2. w16x Hosseinzadeh H, Ramezani M, Salmani G. J Ethnopharmacol 2000;73:379.