Appendix B Index

46 1

APPENDIX B I N D E X A

Absorption Mutagenesis, 369 Dermal, 232, 280 N o n - d i s j u n c t i o n , 147 I n f r a r e d , 34 P l a t e , 162 U l t r a v i o l e t , 17, 212 S i s t e r c h r o m a t i d exchange, 369 A c c l i m a t i o n , 156, 157, 218 A s t h m a t i c t y p e s e n s i t i z a t i o n , 55 Atmospheric d e p o s i t i o n , 77 A c c e p t a b l e r i s k , 447-448 A c i d d i s s o c i a t i o n c o n s t a n t s . 205 Atomizer, 25 ADAPT, 223, 224 A D I , 269, 377, 378, 380, 399 B Advection. 307. 309 A f l a t o x i n s , 104, 408 B a c t e r i a l a c t i v i t y , 145 Benzene, 39, 74 Aldehydes, 34 Bioaccumulation, 143, 148, 170, 182, A l g i c i d a l , 160, 161 219, 224, 237 A l g i s t a t i c , 160, 161 Biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), 351, A l g o r i t h m , 376, 337 352. 353 A l i p h a t i c , 144 A l k y l benzene s u l f o n a t e , 40, 153 B i o c o n c e n t r a t i o n , 149, 151, 176, 177, Aluminum, 28, 96, 301, 326 180, 197, 198, 203, 222, 238 Amines, 35 B i o c o n c e n t r a t i o n f a c t o r (BCF), 195, 197, 198, 199, 200, 201 Amperometry, 7 A m p i p h i l i c , 93 BIODEG, 294 B i o d e g r a d a t i o n , 143, 1 7 7 , 179, 201, Anabaena f jos-aquae, 240 217, 218, 239, 243, 247 A n a c y s t i s cyanea, 159 B i o l o g i c a l o r g a n i z a t i o n , 78 Anal v s i s Activation, 6 Bioenergy, 144 BIOLOG, 294 A l k a l o i d s , 22, 26 Qualitative, 6 B i o l y s i s , 311 Quantitative, 6 B i o m a g n i f i c a t i o n , 238 B i o t r a n s f o r m a t i o n , 143, 217, 354 A n a l y t i c a l s l e u t h i n g , 98 Boundary o f i n f o r m a t i o n , 166, 170 A n a l y t i c a l systems C a l i b r a t i o n , 113 Bromide, 10 Brook t r o u t , 151 Measurements, 113 Brownian movements, 137 A n a l y t i c a l u n c e r t a i n t y , 103 B u f f e r , 346, 347 Antagonism, 64, 319 Butane, 16 Anthropogenic, 138, 218, 247, 288 Antimony, 94 C A n t i o x i d a n t s , 12 Aneuploidy, 69 Cadmium, 125-127, 153, 331 Approach Calcium carbonate, 138 E x t r a thermodynamic, 222 C o n n e c t i v i t y , 223 Carbohydrates, 41 Carbonate, 153 Systematic, 222 Carbon monoxide. 239 Aromatic, 26, 40, 144 C a r b o x y l i c a c i d ; 35 A r s e n i c , 74, 325, 326 C a r c i n o g e n i c i t y , 66, 72-73, 165, 177, Asbestos, 74 222-223, 253-254, 264, 270-271, 273, Assay 374-376, 381, 383, 3 8 6 A l g a l , 243 Chemical, 67, 69 Ames/Salmonella, 161, 369 P o s i t i v e r e s u l t , 67, 69 Chinese hamster o v a r y c e l l s , 370, 371 Carcinogens, 66, 69-70, 166, 270, Chromosome a b e r r a t i o n , 369 375-376, 382, 385-386, 405, 407, Germ c e l l , 255, 257 410, 414-415 H e r i t a b l e t r a n s l o c a t i o n , 147 C a t i o n exchange, 138 I n v i t r o c y t o g e n e t i c , 161 Mouse lymphoma, 369, 370, 371

462

Cation exchange capacity (CEC), 301 Chelators, 243 CHEMFATE, 294-295 Chemi cal Speciation, 51, 96 Test, 56 Chinese hamster ovary (CHO), 161, 369, 370-371 Chloride, 10 Chlorine, 326 Chlorinated hydrocarbons, 91 Chlorination, 215 Chloroform, 413, 416 Chlorophyll a, 160, 326, 328 Ch 1 orpyr i fo,s 301 Chromosomal aberration, 161, 255, 257, 273. 369 Chromatid, 146 Chromatography, 36 Capillary column, 42 Column, 39 Gas, 47, 48 Gas-liquid, 6, 44 Gas-solid, 44 Gel filtration, 40 Gel permeation, 40 High performance liquid, 42 High pressure liquid, 42 Ion exchange, 42 Liquid, 40 Liqui d-1 i quid, 41 Liquid-solid, 6, 36 Reverse-phase, 50 Thin layer, 37, 39, 104 Chromium, 94, 125 Closed systems, 318 Cobalt. 95 Cochrane-armit age, 372 Coevaporation, 145 Cogenesi s , 254 competition, 80 Complexation, 137, 153, 239, 301, 303 Computer Automated Structure (CASE), 223-224 Conductivity, 7, 137 Continuous flow, 156 Control Charts, 119 Sample, 118 Copper? 125, 153, 330 Coprecipitation, 137 Cost-benefit analysis, 443-447 Coulometry, 7, 1 1

Cyanide, 330 Cytogenetics, 146-147, 274 Cytoplasm, 139 Cytotoxicants, 270 D

2.4-D. 194 Daphnja ma na 157, 225 157 -8DDT; 79, 145 Decision Tree, 296-301 Degradation, 149, 170, 173-174, 175-176. 179. 217-218. 234. 240 Dehalogenation,'l44, 201; 213; 214 Depuration, 142-143, 151, Detoxification, 154 Dicamba, 194 Dioxins, 50, 88, 99, 101, 1 1 1 Dissolved organic carbon, 92 Dissolved organic nitrogen, 92 Dissolved oxygen, 349-353 DNA, 70, 146 Dose response, 376, 382, 400-406 Dose extrapolation, 405-410 Dunaliella tertiolecta, 79 E Ecotoxicity, 76, 336 EEC, 283, 336 Effects Chronic, 87 Genotoxic, 78 Sublethal, 76, 181 Electrodes Anion-selective, 10 Ion-selective, 10 Liquid-liquid, 10 Saturated calomel, 9 E 1 ectrons Bond, 21 "rill, 19, 21 Sigma, 19, 21 Electrophiles, 205 Embryotoxic, 254 Enslein, 223-224 Environmental auditing, 442-443 Epidemiology, 73, 286, 410 Equations Nernst. 7-8 Escherichia 241

s,

463

Esters, 35, 39 Estrogen, 26 Ether, 39 Ethylene, 190 Eukaryotic, 146 Prokaryotic, 146 EXAMS, 304, 311, 313-315

Hydrophobic, 144, 145 Hydro-phobicity, 223-224 Hypoxia, 331

I

Immune System, 76 Impact Assessment, 98 F Incineration, 289 Inductively Coupled Plasma, 34 False-negative, 70, 94, 98, 131, 144 Ingamells Constant, 108 151-1 55 Instrument Dectection Limit (IDC), False-positive, 144, 151-155, 165 131-132 Fate processes, 137, 139, 144, 149-150, Interference 173, 183, 188-201, 208-218, 234 chemical, 29 FATE/EXPOS, 294-296 Intraperitoneal, 263 Fetotoxic, 254 K Field monitors, 318-320 Fluorescence Atomic, 25 K-ATPase, 331 Resonance, 24 Kepone, 300 Spectra, 25 Ketones, 34 UV, 23 Keto-sugars, 12 Fluoride, 10, 22 L Freundlich Isotherm, 140 Fugacity, 307-313 LC50, 56, 153-155, 225, 249, 251, 281, Furans, 101, 1 1 1 335-336 G LCT50, 54 LO50, 53, 225, 252, 380 Genotoxicity, 66, 183, 231, 273, 376, Lead, 94, 121-122, 128, 302-303, 326, 404 331 Glucuronidase, 384-385 Lentic systems, 320-324 Good 1 aboratory practices (GLPs), LFER, 205 116-117 Limit of Detection (LOD), 130-131 Limit of Quantitation (LOP), 131 H Lindane, 235-237 Linear Free Energy Relationship, 203 Half-life, 98, 143, 191-192, 206-211, Lipid solubility, 232 215, 218 Lipophilic, 140 Halogenation, 144, 215 Hardness (water), 147, 153 M Hatching time, 330 Hazard Macrocosms, 80 Evaluation, 231 Macrosolutes, 96 Identification, 231, 233, 247 Maximum Tolerated Dose (MTO), 72, 253 He1 fje-Smith Med i um Correction, 33 Single, 173 Hematocrit, 331 Multi, 173 Henry's Law, 142, 183, 188-193, 201, 235Mercury Histopathology, 330 Inorganic, 88, 93, 117, 142, Hydrolysis, 137, 144, 203-211, 216, 235 240-242, 245 Methyl, 88, 93, 117, 142, 240-242 Hydropt i i 1 i c , 1 44 Organo, 50

464

Mesocosms, 80 Method D e t e c t i o n L i m i t (MDL), M e t h y l a t i o n , 142 Methylene, 16 Microcosms. 80 M i c r o c y s t i s aeru i n o s a 159, c r o s o 1 Utes+' Microsomal Enzymes, 143 M i c r o t o x , 164, 165 M i r e x , 1, 98 Mixed F u n c t i o n Oxidase, 152 Models - Chapters 7 and 8 Fate t r a n s p o r t Aquatic A i r transport Dose-reponse Low-dose e x t r a p o l a t i o n Verifications Calibration Val i d a t i o n Post-audit Molar E x t i n c t i o n C o e f f i c i e n t , Mu1t i - t i e r , 145-1 51 Mutagenesis, 51 Mutagenic, 145, 147, 224 M u t a g e n i c i t y , 125, 168, 165, 224 M u t a t i o n , 146

130, 132

160

0 Octonal w a t e r p a r t i t i o n i n g (Kow), 223 OECD framework, 286-293 O l e f i n s , 34 O p t i c a l system, 22 Organophosphate, 198 Osmoregulation, 332 P

211

183, 222,

N

N-methyl i n d o x y l a c e t a t e , 39 N-nitrosoamine, 12, 91 N-octonal, 142, 145, 195, 198, 203 N a v i c u l a seminulum, 160 Neonates, 254 Neoplasms Benign, 72 M a l i g n a n t , 72 Nephelometry, 22 N i c k e l , 95, 125, 129, 153-154 1,2,3-Nidantrione monohydrate, 37 N i n h y d r i n , 37 N i t r a t e , 22 NOAEL, 265-267, 269, 376-378 N o n - t h r e s h o l d e f f e c t l e v e l s , 270-273, 381 N u c l e o p h i l s , 205, 216 N u t r i e n t oxygen demand, 349-350

P a r a f f i n s , 34 P a r t i t i o n C o e f f i c i e n t , 140, 145, 194 PCB, 1, 50, 79, 98, 141, 309-313, 330 P e r i t o n e a l r o u t e , 155 P e r s i s t e n c e , 144, 148, 182, 203, 218-219, 262, 290, 292, 311 pH, 137-138, 144-145, 148, 153, 157 Measurements, 9, 89 Pharmacokinetics, 78, 143, 152 1.10-Dhenanthraline. 37 Phenois, 35, 153 . Photochemical, 139, 144, 208, 211-216, PhvtoDlankton. 80. 213 Pl'Bsma emission, 6 P l u r a l i t y o f exposure, 232 Polarography, 7, 11-12 Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), 101 P o l y c h l o r i n a t e d dibenzo f u r a n s (PCDFs), 101 P o t e n t i o m e t r y , 7, 8, 10 P r a c t i c a l D e t e c t i o n L i m i t (PDL), 132 Pseudomonas f lourescens, 240-242 Pub1 i c involvement, 426-428 P u b l i c p a r t i c i p a t i o n , 428-434

Q Q u a l i t y Assessment (QAS) 110-112, 120 Q u a l i t y Assurance (QA), 110-112, 114-117 Q u a l i t y C o n t r o l (QC), 110-112, 114-117, 120-123 Quantitative Structure A c t i v i t y R e l a t i o n s h i p (QSAR), 221-226 R

R e c i r c u l a t i o n , 156 Redox, 138, 144, 204, 235, 237 Renewal, 156 Reproduction, 76, 78

465

Resonance N u c l e a r magnetic, 6, 13 Risk Assessment, Chapter 8 Communicati on, 423-424 Comparison, 410-417, 424 Routes o f a d m i n i s t r a t i o n , 54, 155 S

S a f e t y f a c t o r s , 269-270, 399 S a l i n i t y , 137, 201 Salmonella, 146, 161-162, 165 E. C o l i , 146 Samp 1es Composi t e , 106 I n c r e m e n t a l A n a l y s i s , 108, 109 Random, 105 R e p r e s e n t a t i v e , 105 Size, 108 Subsampling, 107 Systematic, 105 Number, 109 Scoring Chemical, 175 P r o f i l e , 178 R e s u l t , 175, 178 Vector, 181-183 Sediment oxygen demand, 351 Selenastrum capricornutum, 159-160 S i l i c a , 22, 7 S i s t e r c h r o m a t i d exchange, 369-371 Socioeconomic, 231 Sol i d s Dissolved, 137, 153 Suspended, 137, 153, 235 S o l u b i l i t y , 139, 141, 144, 149, 193, 199, 201, 217, 232, 235 S o r p t i o n , 139, 141-144, 149, 193-197, 201. 219. 235. 239 Speciation,'95, j52-153, 244 Spectrography Emission, 33 Infrared, 6 Spectrometry Mass, 6, 47-48, 89 Spectrophotometer Atomic a b s o r p t i o n , 89 Emission, 89 Spec t r o s o p y Atomic a b s o r p t i o n , 26-27, 31 Emission. 6. 30 U l t r a v i o l e t - v i s i b l e a b s o r p t i o n , 14

Standard o p e r a t i n g procedures (SOPS), 112-113, 116 Standard r e f e r e n c e m a t e r i a1 s (SRMs), 115, 118 Standards Ambient, 87 Source, 87 S t a t i c bioassay, 155-157 Synergism, 62, 64, 76

T T e r a t o g e n i c i t y , 183, 231 Test Acute 96-h s t a t i c , 155 Acute t o x i c i t y , 249 A l g a l growth, 65, 159-160 Ames, 70, 146, 161, 165 A q u a t i c t o x i c i t y , 247 o f b a t t e r y , 155, 165 Carbon d i o x i d e e v o l u t i o n , 239-240 Cladocern, 65 Daphnia, 156-157 Daphnia c h r o n i c , 151, 156 Embryo-1 a r v a l , 151 Fathead minnow, 65 Flow-through, 150, 198, 249 Food c h a i n b i o m a g n i f i c a t i o n , 151 I n v i t r o c y t o g e n e t i c assay, 161 I n v i v o c y t o g e n e t i c s , 147 L a r v a l s u r v i v a l & growth, 65 L i f e c y c l e , 151 Micronucleus, 147 M i c r o t o x , 164 M u l t i - s p e c i e s , 80 M u l t i t i e r , 145, 147, 151 P a r t i a l l i f e c y c l e , 151 R e c i r c u l a t i o n , 249 Renewal, 249 Reproduction, 65 Rodent, 70 Salmonella/microsome, 70, 161-162 S h o r t - t e r m c h r o n i c , 157 S i n g l e species, 78179, 155 Spot, 162 S t a t i c , 251 T e r a t o g e n i c i t y , 65 Tuinour f o r m a t i o n , 147

2,3,7.8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin .

(2;3,7,8, TCDD), 88, 99,' 100 2 , 3 , 7 , 8 - t e t r a c h l o r o d i benzof uran, 88 T h a l a s s i o s i r a pseudonana, 79

466

Threshold level, 266-269 Toxicity Acute, 51-52, 70, 148, 247 Acute aquatic, 55 Acute aquatic dynamic, 57 Acute aquatic static, 57 Acute exposure variation, 57 Acute inhalation, 53 Acute oral, 52-53 Acute test duration, 57 Aquatic chronic, 64 Assessment, 50 Chronic, 51, 59, 71, 148 Dermal, 232 Genetic, 231 Long term, 72 Mechanisms, 78 Non genetic, 231 Short-term chronic, 64 Short-term tests, 65-70 Subchronic, 59 Toxicity Equivalent Factor (TEF), 100-101 Transformation Biotic, 98, 216-218 Biological, 139, 152 Abiotic, 98, 203, 219 Chemical, 139, 153 Metabolic, 153, 216, 239 Tetrachlorobiphenyl, 313 Trichlorobiphenyl, 309-311 Trihalomethanes, 90 Tungsten, 28 Turbidimetry, 22 Turbidity Measurements, 22 Turbidimeter, 23 Tumourogenesis, 72, 147

U Uptake, 143, 198 V

Vapour pressure, 139, 141-144,219, 233. 240 Volatilization, 28, 137, 139-142, 144, 183, 188-190, 193, 219, 235, 239 Vo 1 t ametry ASV, 12-13 Stripping, 12

X Xenobiotic, 142, 239, 247 X-Ray Flourescence, 6 Y

Youden Plot, 124-130 L

Zeeman Corrector, 31 Zinc, 95, 125, 139 Zooplankton, 80