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Applied Pharmacokinetics: Principles of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring. Second Edition
BOOK REVIEWS
Oplold Analgesics: Chemistry and Receptors. By Alan F. Casy and Robert T. Parfitt. Plenum Press: New York. 1986. 518 pp. 16 x 23 cm. ISBN 426N 421305. $69.50. This book is the first attempt at a comprehensive review of the opioid analgetics since Anulgetics, edited by G . De Stevens, Academic Press, 1965.The authors have long histories as researchers in the opioids, and are highly qualified to write this monograph, which consists of a table of contents, 13 chapters, and a well prepared subject index. Most of the important papers relating to opioid research which appeared up to the beginning of 1985 are appropriately referenced in the book. References appear at the end of each chapter. The first chapter of the book serves as an introduction and includes a discussion of the important methods for the pharmacological testing of compounds for opioid-related activity. Chapters 2 through 11 cover the opioid agonist compounds. Coverage is by chemical class rather than from a strictly historical perspective. All of the important chemical classes of opioid analgetics are covered. Emphasis is placed on the synthesis, stereochemistry, and structure-activity relationships of each of the chemical classes. Chapter 10 is devoted to the endogenous opioid peptides and the important synthetic opioid peptide derivatives. Chapter 12 describes the opioid compounds with pure antagonist or mixed agonistantagonist (dualist) activity. Chapter 13, entitled “Opioid Receptors: Facts and Speculations”, is a critical review of opioid receptor models, opioid receptor subtypes, and attempts at isolating the receptor. Opwid Analgesics: Chemistry and Receptors is a wellorganized and well-written monograph. It is a book whose publication was needed. Students and young and established investigators in medicinal chemistry, pharmacology, and the neurosciences who are engaged in opioid research will find the book useful. All biomedical libraries should hold this book. David S. Fries School of Pharmacy University of the Pacific Stockton, CA 95211
Applied Pharmacokinetics: Prlnclples of Therapeutic Drug Monltorlng. Second Edltlon. Edited by William E. Evans, Jerome J. Schentag, and William J. Jusko. Applied Therapeutics: Spokane, WA. 1986. xxiv + 1272 pp. 16 x 23.5 cm. ISBN 0-915486-07-5. $60.00. This book is an updated version of a text that was first published in 1981.This second edition has undergone significant revision and expansion, including the addition of 14 new chapters. Three previously published chapters have been deleted. Overall, this volume has expanded from about 700 pages to nearly 1300 pages in length. The editors have called upon 58 clinical scientists, many on the “leading edge” of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, to revise and assemble this authoritative reference in the ever expanding discipline of applied pharmacokinetics and therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM). The book is divided into two segments. The first 10 chapters deal with general considerations in pharmacokinet348 / Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol. 76, No. 4, April 1987
ics and TDM, such as the influence of renal and hepatic diseases on pharmacokinetics. The new chapters include the following: (1)An overview of recent developments of individualization of drug dosage regimens. This chapter reviews methodology for determining population pharmacokinetics and adaptive methods for individualizing dosages, including Bayesian pharmacokinetics. (2) Chapters on inductiodinhibition of drug metabolism and protein binding and free drug concentrations review two important areas relating to pharmacokinetic drug interactions. The chapter on drug metabolism, in particular, gives the reader good clinical perspective. (3)Two chapters extensively review pharmacokinetic considerations in two specific patient populations: the elderly and children. The next section of 24 chapters is devoted to specific drugoriented topics. As in the first edition, the subjects are treated thoroughly and presented in a clear, organized format, focusing on several objectives: (1)to review pharmacokinetic properties and TDM guidelines for each selected drug; (2) to compare drug assay methodologies; and (3)to discuss the clinical application of pharmacokinetic data. This includes a TDM algorithm presented for 75% of the drugs reviewed. The revised chapters have been strengthened, with an average 30% of their references dated since the last publication. The new entries include much needed chapters on vancomycin, chloramphenicol and cyclosporine. Also antiepileptic drugs, beta-blockers, H2 antagonists, warfarin, and disopyramide are reviewed. All are well written reviews, although I question the inclusion of chapters devoted to betablockers and H2 antagonists since there is limited application of pharmacokinetic data to the clinical use of these agents. Also included in this section is a chapter on dual individualization with antibiotics. Although a n interesting integration of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, at present this approach has limited clinical use. It should perhaps be placed with the earlier, more general chapters, like individualizing drug dosage. These minor flaws, however, do not detract from the overall merit of the text. In summary, the second edition of Applied Pharmacokinetics has been substantially strengthened, and still ranks as the premier reference for clinical pharmacokinetics and TDM. It is particularly suited for graduate students, and is an essential reference for clinicians involved in the realm of clinical pharmacokinetics. David Platt Department of Pharmacy Services Hartford Hospital and School of Pharmacy University of Connecticut Hartford, CT 06115
Annual Revlew of Pharmacology and Toxicology. Volume 26. Edited by Robert George, Ronald Okun and Arthur K. Cho. Annual Reviews: Palo Alto, CA. 1986.612 pp. ISBN 0 8243-0426-8. $31.OO US, $34.00 elsewhere. The prefatory chapter of Volume 26 by Professor William D. M. Paton is the first of 23 chapters. The editors have asked Professor Paton to comment on what it takes to become a OO22-3549/87/0400-0348$0 1 .0010 0 1987, American Pharmaceutical Association
Oplold Analgesics: Chemistry and Receptors. By Alan F. Casy and Robert T. Parfitt. Plenum Press: New York. 1986. 518 pp. 16 x 23 cm. ISBN 426N 421305. $69.50. This book is the first attempt at a comprehensive review of the opioid analgetics since Anulgetics, edited by G . De Stevens, Academic Press, 1965.The authors have long histories as researchers in the opioids, and are highly qualified to write this monograph, which consists of a table of contents, 13 chapters, and a well prepared subject index. Most of the important papers relating to opioid research which appeared up to the beginning of 1985 are appropriately referenced in the book. References appear at the end of each chapter. The first chapter of the book serves as an introduction and includes a discussion of the important methods for the pharmacological testing of compounds for opioid-related activity. Chapters 2 through 11 cover the opioid agonist compounds. Coverage is by chemical class rather than from a strictly historical perspective. All of the important chemical classes of opioid analgetics are covered. Emphasis is placed on the synthesis, stereochemistry, and structure-activity relationships of each of the chemical classes. Chapter 10 is devoted to the endogenous opioid peptides and the important synthetic opioid peptide derivatives. Chapter 12 describes the opioid compounds with pure antagonist or mixed agonistantagonist (dualist) activity. Chapter 13, entitled “Opioid Receptors: Facts and Speculations”, is a critical review of opioid receptor models, opioid receptor subtypes, and attempts at isolating the receptor. Opwid Analgesics: Chemistry and Receptors is a wellorganized and well-written monograph. It is a book whose publication was needed. Students and young and established investigators in medicinal chemistry, pharmacology, and the neurosciences who are engaged in opioid research will find the book useful. All biomedical libraries should hold this book. David S. Fries School of Pharmacy University of the Pacific Stockton, CA 95211
Applied Pharmacokinetics: Prlnclples of Therapeutic Drug Monltorlng. Second Edltlon. Edited by William E. Evans, Jerome J. Schentag, and William J. Jusko. Applied Therapeutics: Spokane, WA. 1986. xxiv + 1272 pp. 16 x 23.5 cm. ISBN 0-915486-07-5. $60.00. This book is an updated version of a text that was first published in 1981.This second edition has undergone significant revision and expansion, including the addition of 14 new chapters. Three previously published chapters have been deleted. Overall, this volume has expanded from about 700 pages to nearly 1300 pages in length. The editors have called upon 58 clinical scientists, many on the “leading edge” of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, to revise and assemble this authoritative reference in the ever expanding discipline of applied pharmacokinetics and therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM). The book is divided into two segments. The first 10 chapters deal with general considerations in pharmacokinet348 / Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol. 76, No. 4, April 1987
ics and TDM, such as the influence of renal and hepatic diseases on pharmacokinetics. The new chapters include the following: (1)An overview of recent developments of individualization of drug dosage regimens. This chapter reviews methodology for determining population pharmacokinetics and adaptive methods for individualizing dosages, including Bayesian pharmacokinetics. (2) Chapters on inductiodinhibition of drug metabolism and protein binding and free drug concentrations review two important areas relating to pharmacokinetic drug interactions. The chapter on drug metabolism, in particular, gives the reader good clinical perspective. (3)Two chapters extensively review pharmacokinetic considerations in two specific patient populations: the elderly and children. The next section of 24 chapters is devoted to specific drugoriented topics. As in the first edition, the subjects are treated thoroughly and presented in a clear, organized format, focusing on several objectives: (1)to review pharmacokinetic properties and TDM guidelines for each selected drug; (2) to compare drug assay methodologies; and (3)to discuss the clinical application of pharmacokinetic data. This includes a TDM algorithm presented for 75% of the drugs reviewed. The revised chapters have been strengthened, with an average 30% of their references dated since the last publication. The new entries include much needed chapters on vancomycin, chloramphenicol and cyclosporine. Also antiepileptic drugs, beta-blockers, H2 antagonists, warfarin, and disopyramide are reviewed. All are well written reviews, although I question the inclusion of chapters devoted to betablockers and H2 antagonists since there is limited application of pharmacokinetic data to the clinical use of these agents. Also included in this section is a chapter on dual individualization with antibiotics. Although a n interesting integration of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, at present this approach has limited clinical use. It should perhaps be placed with the earlier, more general chapters, like individualizing drug dosage. These minor flaws, however, do not detract from the overall merit of the text. In summary, the second edition of Applied Pharmacokinetics has been substantially strengthened, and still ranks as the premier reference for clinical pharmacokinetics and TDM. It is particularly suited for graduate students, and is an essential reference for clinicians involved in the realm of clinical pharmacokinetics. David Platt Department of Pharmacy Services Hartford Hospital and School of Pharmacy University of Connecticut Hartford, CT 06115
Annual Revlew of Pharmacology and Toxicology. Volume 26. Edited by Robert George, Ronald Okun and Arthur K. Cho. Annual Reviews: Palo Alto, CA. 1986.612 pp. ISBN 0 8243-0426-8. $31.OO US, $34.00 elsewhere. The prefatory chapter of Volume 26 by Professor William D. M. Paton is the first of 23 chapters. The editors have asked Professor Paton to comment on what it takes to become a OO22-3549/87/0400-0348$0 1 .0010 0 1987, American Pharmaceutical Association