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April 2009 New in Review
from the association
NEW IN REVIEW
IN THIS ISSUE PERIODICALS
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PRACTITIONER’S BOOKSHELF
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SITES IN REVIEW
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PERIODICALS Periodical articles of special interest to nutrition professionals are cited or abstracted in this section. Articles that have been abstracted are marked with a darkened circle (●). Literature abstracts and citations are prepared by the Journal editors. Articles are selected from scientific and professional publications chosen to convey fundamental knowledge in nutritional science and to span the specialty practice fields of readers. A list of the publications reviewed for this section is published each year in the December issue. The current list, which includes contact information for each title, appears on page 168 of the January 2009 issue. Readers who want information about any article or publication appearing in New in Review should use this directory to locate the authors or editors of the original article or publication. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION, THE Vol 89, January 2009 (pubs.nutrition.org) Œ
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Nonnutritive Sweetener Consumption in Humans: Effects on Appetite and Food Intake and Their Putative Mechanisms. (Review). Mattes RD, Popkin BM. 1-14. Fifteen-Year Longitudinal Trends in Walking Patterns and Their Impact on Weight Change. GordonLarsen P, Hou N, Sidney S, Sternfeld B, Lewis CE, Jacobs DR, Poplin BM. 19-26. Docosahexaenoic Acid Supplementation and Time at Achievement of Gross Motor Milestones in Healthy Infants: A Randomized, Prospective, DoubleBlind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Agos-
toni C, Zuccotti GV, Radaelli G, Besana R, Podesta A, Sterpa A, Rottoli A, Riva E, Giovannini M. 64-70. Glycemic Index, Postprandial Glycemia, and the Shape of the Curve in Healthy Subjects: Analysis of a Database of More than 1,000 Foods. Brand-Miller JC, Stockmann K, Atkinson F, Petocz P, Denyer G. 97105. Plasma Phospholipid Fatty Acid Profiles and Their Association with Food Intakes: Results from a CrossSectional Study within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. SaadatianElahi M, Slimani N, Chajes V, Jenab M, Goudable J, Biessy C, Ferrari P, Byrnes G, Autier P, Peeters P, Ocke M, de Mesquita B, Johansson I, Hallmanns G, Manjer J, Wirfalt E, Gonzalez CA, Navarro C, Martinez C, Amiano P, Rodriguez-Suarez L, Ardanaz E, Tjonneland A, Halkjaer J, Overvad K, Jakobsen MU, Berrino F, Pala V, Palli D, Tumino R, Vineis P, Santiucci de Maistris M, Spencer EA, Crowe FL, Bingham S, Khaw KT, Linseisen J, Rohrmann S, Boeing H, Noethlings U, Olsen KS, Skeie G, Lund E, Trichopoulou A, Oustoglou E, Clevel-Chapelon F, Riboli E. 331-346.
Infants and docosahexaenoic acid. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is necessary for the neurological development of infants during their first year of life, but few studies have addressed gross motor milestones. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study enrolled 1,160 healthy full-term Italian infants at birth to receive either daily 20 mg DHA liquid or placebo to assess the first year differences of selected gross motor skills (sitting without support, standing alone, hands-and-knees crawling, walking alone) and two selected fine motor skills (object to mouth, object to touch, first two-syllable word). All infants received 400 IU vitamin D-3 in a daily liquid supplement as the blinding vehicle. Breastfeeding duration was recorded since DHA is found in breast milk. Parents kept a diary recording milestones and dietary product intake. Pediatricians documented milestones at time of normal well-care visits. Data were analyzed with intent-to-treat philosophy using Student’s t-test, Mann-
© 2009 by the American Dietetic Association
Whitney, and other comparison tests. Data were available for 94% of infants who completed the study showing the only gross milestone that was shorter in the DHA group was sitting without support, which was shorter by 1 week, whereas all fine motor skills were shorter in the DHA group compared to the control group. The long-term significance of these differences needs to be studied. Funding was provided for the liquid supplements by Human Italia SpA with no other identified support. Plasma phospholipid and food intake. The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study is an ongoing cross-sectional observation study of ⬎500,000 adults residing in 23 centers of 10 European countries. This nested analysis used stored laboratory samples from a random sample of 200 adults (50% men) residing in 16 collapsed food region designations to focus on the relationship between plasma phospholipid concentrations, dietary intakes of selected major food groups, and two different diet assessment methods. Extensive chemical analysis was completed for 22 individual fatty acids of varying chain lengths. Validated food frequency questionnaires and a 24-hour home diet record were analyzed separately for specific food groups of meat (red, processed), fish (lean, fatty, total), dairy (milk, yogurt, cheese), nuts/seeds, olive oil, margarine, and other oils. The two assessment methods were compared by Spearman’s rank-correlation coefficient. Multivariate regression was used to correlate food group intake and phospholipid content. Complete data were available for 3,003 (94%) of the random sample. A strong trend was seen by food region in phospholipid content, implying that the ecological food pattern within that region determined habitual intake, particularly with fish and longchain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, olive oil and oleic acid, margarine, and elaidic acid. Alcohol intake appeared to provide fatty acid metabolism interactions that were not clearly understood. Selected phospholipids may be used as valid biomarkers for some food intake patterns in the EPIC study cohort. The study is a collaborative funding effort of multiple agencies and governments.
Journal of the AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION
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NEW IN REVIEW M, Peyrot M, Piette J, Reader D, Siminerio LM, Weinger KE, Weiss MA. S87-S94.
BODY IMAGE Vol 6, January 2009 (www.elsevier.com) Œ
Food Cue Exposure and Body Image Satisfaction: The Moderating Role of BMI and Dietary Restraint. Fett AK, Lattimore P, Roefs A, Geschwind N, Jansen A. 14-18.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION Vol 101, January 2009 (www.nutritionsociety.org) Œ
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Immunology of Pre- and Probiotic Supplementation. Peppelenbosch MP, Ferreira CV. 2-4. What You Think Is Not What They Get: Significant Discrepancies between Prescribed and Administered Doses of Tube Feeding. Van den Broek PW, Rasmussen-Conrad EL, Naber AH, Wanten GJ. 68-71. Consumer Acceptance of Nutrigenomics-Based Personalised Nutrition. Ronteltap A, van Trijp JC, Renes RJ. 132-144.
EATING BEHAVIORS Vol 10, January 2009 (www.elsevier.com) Œ
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HARVARD BUSINESS REVIEW Vol 87, January 2009 (www.hbr.org) Œ
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DIABETES CARE Vol 32, January 2009, Supplement (www.diabetes.org/diabetescare) Œ
National Standards for Diabetes SelfManagement Education. Funnell MM, Brown TL, Childs BP, Haas LB, Hosey GM, Jensen B, Maryniuk
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Binge Eating in Adolescents: Its Relation to Behavioural Problems and Family-Meal Patterns. SierraBalgrie S, Lemos-Giraldez S, Fonseca-Pedrero E. 22-28. Psychometric Properties of Self-Monitoring of Eating Disorder Urges among Treatment Seeking Women: Ecological Momentary Assessment Using a Daily Diary Method. Tasca GA, Illing V, Balfour L, Krysanski V, Demidenko N, Nowakowski J, Bissada H. 59-61.
Picking the Right Transition Strategy. Watkins MD. 47-53. Women and the Vision Thing. Ibarra H, Obadaru O. 62-70. What Can Coaches Do for You? Coutu D, Kauffman C. 91-97.
HYPERTENSION Vol 53, January 2009 (hyper.ahajournals.org) ●
Association between the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Diet
and Hypertension in Youth with Diabetes Mellitus. Cunther AL, Liese AD, Bell RA, Dabelea D, Lawrence JM, Rodriguez RL, Standifor DA, Mayer-Davis EJ. 6-12. DASH diet for teens. The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet plan has been shown to be effective in adults, but no studies have addressed the impact on adolescents. This study was a secondary analysis of the population-based multicenter USgovernment funded SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study project following a cohort of young adults ⬍20 years of age who had a diabetes mellitus diagnosis type 1 (DMT1) or type 2 (DMT2) residing in more than seven states. The goal of the analysis was to examine the relationship between the DASH diet and hypertension during 2001-2005 using the results from the study’s modified version of the Block Kid’s Food Questionnaire coded to create a DASH index based on the eight food groups and recommended daily energy intake levels. Odds ratios were calculated using tertiles of DASH index with hypertension prevalence with adjustments for covariates. Overall hypertension prevalence was 9.8% with lower rates for DMT1 (n⫽2,440, 6.8%) compared to DMT2 (n⫽390, 28.2%). The highest tertiles of DASH index were still low compared to optimal index particularly in
NEW IN REVIEW whole grains, fruits, and vegetables. Greatest blood pressure effect (40% reduction) was seen in the DMT1 group along with younger ages, higher parental education, and physical activity. The DMT2 group had more obesity (76.2% vs 12.1%), but body weight was poorly correlated and statistical power limited due to sample size in this group. Funding was provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the National Institutes of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INFORMATICS Vol 78, January 2009 (www.intl.elsevierhealth.com/journals) Œ
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STARE-HI-Statement on Reporting of Evaluation Studies in Health Informatics. Talmon J, Ammenwerth E, Brender J, de Keizer N, Nykanen P, Rigby. 1-9. Incorporating Collaboratory Concepts into Informatics in Support of Translational Interdisciplinary Biomedical Research. Lee ES, McDonald DW, Anderson N, TarczyHoroch P. 10-21.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY Vol 57, January 2009 (www.blackwellpublishing.com) ●
and selected biomarkers (serum n-3 levels, ICF-1, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, albumin, apolipoprotein E4 allele) in mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease. Participants were home-living, not taking any nutritional supplements, and diagnosed by the mini-mental state examination score of 15-30. Outcome variables included demographics, anthropometrics, and multiple tests (cognitive function, laboratory tests, appetite) taken at baseline, 6-, and 12-month intervals. Data were analyzed by logistic regression over time periods along with appropriate comparisons by variables of interest and presence of allele (2/3 of sample). Results showed the use of the n-3 fatty acids was documented by statistically higher serum levels. n-3 use also decreased inflammatory marker C-reactive protein by an odds ratio of 1.17 while increasing or maintaining body mass index levels of 23-24 along with appetite score. Albumin decreased in both groups, possibly due to DNA transcription by n-3 fatty acids. Funding was provided by Pronova Biocare A/S, Lysaker, Norway, and a cohort of Swedish government and foundation grants. THE JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION Vol 301, January 7, 2009 (jama.ama-assn.org) Œ
Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation Effects on Weight and Appetite in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease: The Omega-3 Alzheimer’s Disease Study. Irving GF, Freund-Levi Y, Eriksdottter-Jonhagen M, Basun H, Brismar K, Hjorth E, Palmblad J, Vessby B, Bedin I, Wahlund LO, Cederolm T. 11-17.
Omega-3 and Alzheimer’s. Patients with Alzheimer’s disease often lose weight, and this weight loss may precede diagnosis. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted in 204 adults (mean age 73 years, 52% women) treated in geriatric specialty memory clinics in Stockholm, Sweden (2001-2004), to assess whether daily supplementation of omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids (1.7 g docosahexaenoic acid and 0.6 g eicosapentaenoic acid) would have an effect on body weight, appetite,
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Effect of Selenium and Vitamin E on Risk of Prostate Cancer and Other Cancers: The Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT). Lippman SM, Klein EA, Goodman PJ, Lucia MS, Thompson IM, Ford LG, Parnes HL, Minasian LM, Gaziano JM, Hartline JA, Parons JK, Bearden JD, Crawford ED, Goodman GE, Winquist JC, Cook ED, Karp DD, Walther P, Lieber MM, Kristal AR, Darke AK, Arnold KB, Ganz PA, Santella RM, Albanes D, Taylor PR, Probstfield JL, Jagpal TH, Crowley JJ, Meyskens FL, Baker LH, Coltman CA. 39-51. Vitamins E and C in the Prevention of Prostrate and Total Cancer in Men. The Physicians’ Health Study II Randomized Controlled Trial. Gaziano JM, Glynn RJ, Christen WG, Jurth T, Belanger C, MacFadyen J, Bubes V, Manson JE, Sesso HD, Buring JE. 52-62. How to Use an Article about Genetic Association. A: Background Concepts. Attia J, Ioannidis JP, Thakkin-
stian A, McEvoy M, Scott RJ, Minelli C, Thompson J, InfanteRivard C, Guyatt G. 74-81. Vol 301, January 14, 2009 Œ
How to Use an Article about Genetic Association. B: Are the Results of the Study Valid? Attia J, Ioannidis JP, Thakkinstian A, McEvoy M, Scott RJ, Minelli C, Thompson J, Infante-Rivard C, Guyatt G. 191-197.
Vol 301, January 21, 2009 ●
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Effect of Preventive Supplementation with Ready-to-Use Therapeutic Food on the Nutritional Status, Mortality, and Morbidity of Children Aged 6 to 60 Months in Niger: A Clustered Randomized Trial. Isanaka S, Nombela N, Djibo A, Poupard M, Van Beckhoven D, Gaboulaud V, Guerin PJ, Grais RF. 277-285. How to Use an Article about Genetic Association. C: What Are the Results and Will They Help Me in Caring for My Patients? Attia J, Ioannidis JP, Thakkinstian A, McEvoy M, Scott RJ, Minelli C, Thompson J, InfanteRivard C, Guyatt G. 304-308. Ready-to-Use Therapeutic Food for the Prevention of Wasting in Children. (Editorial). Neufeld LM. 327-328.
RTU food supplementation. Ready-to-use (RTU) therapeutic foods have been shown to be effective in child malnutrition, but their use as a preventive strategy is unknown. This randomized cluster trial enrolled children 6 to 60 months of age residing among 12 villages in Maradi, Niger, to receive a daily supplemental packet of 500 kcal or no intervention to assess the effect on nutritional status, mortality, and morbidity for 3 months. The timing of the supplement (August-October 2006) was selected to be just prior to the annual harvest when food availability is lowest. Children were eligible if they met the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) standard for weight-for height at 80% or more of the reference range. Children with less than 80% were already eligible for RTU foods distributed free of charge. Research teams visited monthly and collected data through March 2007. Village leaders gave consent for participation. Concurrent medical conditions such as malaria, diarrhea, and infections were
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NEW IN REVIEW treated. Individual weight-for-height z scores were calculated for the 8 months. Groups were compared by a mixed-effects model followed by a Cox proportional hazards model. The final sample was 3,533 children (mean age 30 months, 49-51% male) from 1,407 households. A mean adjusted difference of 0.22 z scores between groups was found with a substantial reduction in wasting (36%) and severe wasting (58%) status in the intervention group. There was no difference in mortality. Funding support came from Medecins Sans Frontieres. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE Vol 74, January/February 2009 (www.ift.org) Œ
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External Concentrations of Organic Acid Anions and pH: Key Independent Variables for Studying How Organic Acids Inhibit Growth of Bacteria in Mildly Acidic Foods. (Review). Carpenter CE, Broadbent JR. R12R15. Technological and Functional Applications of Low-Calorie Sweeteners from Lactic Acid Bacteria. (Review). Patra F, Tomar SK, Arora S. R16-R23. Food Safety Knowledge of Cheese Consumers. Planzer SB, da Cruz AG, Sant’ana AS, Silva R, Moura MR, de Carvalho LM. M28-M30. Reduction of Oil Absorption in DeepFried, Battered, and Breaded Chicken Patties Using Whey Protein Isolate as a Postbreading Dip: Effect on Flavor, Color, and Texture. MahE, Brannan RG. S9-S16. Sensory Stability of Ultra-High Temperature Milk in Polyethylene Bottle. Petrus RR, Walter EH, Faria JA, Abreu LF. S53-S57.
Ultra-high temperature milk containers. Ultra-high temperature (UHT) milk is packaged globally in laminated aseptic cartons. This Brazilian study analyzed the stability and sensory characteristics of UHT milk processed and packaged by different heat treatments in highdensity polyethylene (HDPE) bottles which are more recyclable. Raw milk was pasteurized, homogenized, and analyzed prior to bottling in white titanium dioxide 500 mL HDPE containers covered with an aluminum foil heat seal and an HDPE screw cap. Two 10second processing temperatures of 135°C and 141°C prior to filling in ster-
ilized containers was used. The product was then cooled, stored at room temperature exposed to natural light, and tested at intervals up to 13 weeks. Physicochemical tests were done on three random samples of each lot for fat content, total protein, titrable acidity, specific gravity, and defatted dry matter. Blinded sensory tests of 50-mL samples served at 12°C were completed by a cohort of 40 adults who regularly consumed UHT milk using a 9-point hedonic scale for appearance, aroma, flavor, and overall quality. This panel also separately evaluated four commercial UHT milk samples. Statistical evaluation used analysis of variance followed by Tukey’s test. The ratings for the milk products began to fall below minimal acceptance levels at the fourth week of storage. The acceptable storage shelf life averaged 11 weeks compared to 3 to 6 months for traditional aseptic packaging. The use of HDPE, however, may be a practical low-cost on-site option in smaller dairy plants and where distinctive packaging shape and size are desirable. Funding was provided by Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP).
JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR Vol 41, January/February 2009 (www.jneb.org)
JOURNAL OF NUTRITION Vol 139, January 2009 (pubs.nutrition.org)
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Dietary Stearidonic Acid Is a Long Chain (n-3) Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid with Potential Health Benefits. (Review). Whelan J. 5-10. Minimizing Amino Acid Catabolism Decreases Amino Acid Requirements. (Commentary). Klasing KC. 11-12. Body Iron Stores and Oxidative Damage in Humans Increased During and After a 10- to 12-Day Undersea Dive. Zwart SR, Kala G, Smith SM. 90-95.
JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY Vol 20, January 2009 (www.intl.elsevierhealth.com) Œ
Experimental Models and Mechanisms Underlying the Protective Effects of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Alzheimer’s Disease. (Review). Boudrault C, Bazinet RP, Ma DW. 1-10.
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Understanding Adherence to 5 Servings of Fruits and Vegetables per Day: A Theory of Planned Behavior Perspective. Blanchard CM, Fisher J, Sparling PB, Shanks TH, Nehl E, Rhodes RE, Courneya KS, Baker F. 3-10. Dietary Behaviors and Portion Sizes of Black Women Who Enrolled in SisterTalk and Variation by Demographic Characteristics. Gans KM, Risica PM, Kirtania U, Jennings A, Strolla LO, SteinerAsiedu M, Hardy N, Lasater TM. 32-40.
JOURNAL OF PARENTERAL AND ENTERAL NUTRITION Vol 33, January 2009 (www.nutritioncare.org) Œ
Analysis of Estimation Methods for Resting Metabolic Rate in Critically Ill Adults. Frankenfield DC, Coleman A, Alam S, Cooney RN. 27-36. Year-Long Changes in Protein Metabolism in Elderly Men and Women Supplemented with a Nutrition Cocktail of -Hydroxy--methylbutyrate (HMB), L-Arginine, and L-Lysine. 71-82.
JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS Vol 154, January 2009 (journals.elsevierhealth.com/periodicals/ ympd) Œ
Infant Feeding and Weight in the First Year of Life in Babies of Women with Eating Disorders. Micali N, Simonoff E, Treasure J. 55-60.e1.
METABOLISM: CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL Vol 58, January 2009 (www.elsevier.com/ metabolism) Œ
Relationship between Plasma Adiponectin and Body Fat Distribution, Insulin Sensitivity, and Plasma Lipoproteins in Alaskan Yup’ik Eskimos: The Center for Alaska Native Health
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NEW IN REVIEW Research Study. Goropashnaya AV, Herron J, Sexton M, Havel PJ, Stanhope KL, Plasetke R, Mohatt GV, Boyer BB. 22-29. NUTRITION, METABOLISM, AND CARDOVASCULAR DISEASES Vol 19, January 2009 (www.elsevier.com) Œ
The Mediterranean Adequacy Index: Further Confirming Results of Validity. Alberti A, Fruttini D, Fidanza F. 61-66.
NUTRITION RESEARCH Vol 29, January 2009 (www.elsevier.com/ nr) Œ
Lycium barbarum (goji) Juice Improves In Vivo Antioxidant Biomarkers in Serum of Healthy Adults. Amagzse H, Sun B, Borek C. 19-25.
PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING Vol 74, January 2008 (www.elsevier.com) Œ
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Participation in Online Patient Support Groups Endorses Patients’ Empowerment. Van Uden-Kraan CF, Brossaert SH, Taal E, Seydel ER, van de Laar MA. 61-69. How Do Parents of Child Patients Compare Consultations with Homeopaths and Physicians? A Qualitative Study. Rise MB, Steinsbekk A. 91-96.
PEDIATRICS Vol 123, January 2009 (www.pediatrics.org) ●
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Juggling Work and Breastfeeding: Effects of Maternity Leave and Occupational Characteristics. Guendelman S, Kosa JL, Pearl M, Graham S, Goodman J, Kharrazi M. e38-e43. Contribution of Early Weight Gain to Childhood Overweight and Metabolic Health: A Longitudinal Study (EarlyBird36). Gardner DS, Hosking J, Metcalf BS, Jeffery AN, Voss LD, Wilkin TJ. e67-e73. Effect of Bimonthly Supplementation with Oral Cholecalciferol on Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations in HIV-Infected Children and Adolescents. Arpadi SM, McMahon D, Abrams EJ, Bamji M, Purswani M, Engelson ES, Horlick M, Shane E. e121-e126.
Breastfeeding and work. The nutritional benefits of breastfeeding are well known, but working mothers may have more challenges to sustain breastfeeding levels after they return to work. This retrospective observational study used a postpartum (mean 4.5 months) telephone interview of full-time working mothers delivering live infants (born 2002-2003) to assess whether time of returning to work affected duration of breastfeeding. Over 1,200 women were screened resulting in a data cohort of 770 (73% of eligible fulltime employed women). Outcome variables collected included establishment of breastfeeding, duration of breastfeeding, specific questions on problems and barriers, employer leave and work expectations, leave benefits, work shift, selected Life Events Inventory questions, and demographics. Interviews were conducted by trained multilingual staff and participants received a $10 gift card. Analysis weighted point estimates by probability sampling inverse correlates; rates were compared by 2; weighted odds ratios were calculated along with other modeling techniques. Results showed 82% breastfeeding in the hospital and 68% returned to work after an average of 10.3⫾4.8 weeks leave. The length of leave was positively correlated to duration of breastfeeding. Mothers returning to work within 6 weeks of delivery (odds ratio 4.49) were least likely to continue breastfeeding. Breastfeeding discontinuation was greatest during the first month returning to work (29%), but 23% discontinued the month prior to returning to work. Flexible work schedule and managerial status increased duration of breastfeeding. Current United States law provides for 12 weeks unpaid jobprotected leave only in companies ⬎50 employees. Partial funding was received from California government and academic sources. EarlyBird 36 study. Understanding weight gain patterns during the first years of life may help predict intervention programs towards obesity, diabetes, and insulin resistance later in life. The EarlyBird Diabetes Study is a prospective observational longitudinal cohort of young healthy children residing in Plymouth, UK, designed to provide insight into potential effective preventive health measures. The study began in 20002001 and enrolled 307 children (98% white, 55% male) at the mean age of 4.9 years. This analysis focused on the first
4 years (ages 5 to 9 years) of the annual outcome data including fasting laboratory parameters, height, weight, body composition by whole-body dual-energy radiograph absorptiometry, and historical medical records from birth. Each child served as his or her own control and was compared to standard sex-specific growth curves. Statistical comparison was done by analysis of variance, Pearson’s correlation, derived z scores of growth patterns, and logistic regression. A composite metabolic score for risk of insulin resistance was calculated from selected lab parameters. Results were available for 233 children (76%). The majority of excess weight at age 9 years was gained during the first 5 years of life (91% girls, 70% boys). The timing of the weight gain may have more influence on the metabolic score prediction than other variables. Funding support is provided by a cohort of British foundations and agencies. PREVENTIVE MEDICINE Vol 48, January 2009 (www.elsevier.com) Œ
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Active School Transport, Physical Activity Levels and Body Weight in Children and Youth: A Systematic Review. (Review). Faulkner GE, Buliung RN, Flora PK, Fusco C. 3-8. Impact of Progressive Resistance Training on Lipids and Lipoproteins in Adults: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. (Metaanalysis). Kelley GA, Kelley KS. Do School Based Food and Nutrition Policies Improve Diet and Reduce Obesity? Jaime PC, Lock K. 45-53. Leisure-Time Physical Activity and Occupational Sitting: Associations with Steps/Day and BMI in 54-59 Year Old Australian Women. Tudor-Locke C, Burton NW, Brown WJ. 64-68.
PRACTITIONER’S BOOKSHELF I’m, Like, So Fat! Helping Your Teen Make Healthy Choices about Eating and Exercise in a Weight Obsessed World By: Dianne Neumark-Sztainer, PhD, MPH, RD; New York, NY: The Guilford Press; 2005; $16.95; paperback; 317 pp; ISBN: 1-57230-980-6. In a society full of pressures that promote obesity but reward thinness, in
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NEW IN REVIEW which teenagers are surrounded by high-calorie, low-nutrient food, portion sizes have grown dramatically, and physical activity among teens has declined, and yet being thin and muscular is the ideal, it’s no wonder that teenagers are confused about eating and dissatisfied with the way they look. In I’m, Like, So Fat!, Dianne Neumark-Sztainer, a principal investigator for Project EAT (Eating Among Teens), provides a guide for parents on how to strike the difficult balance between bolstering their teens’ selfesteem and offering constructive advice. Neumark-Sztainer offers a wealth of science-based, practical ideas for instilling healthy eating and exercise habits, educating teens about nutrition and portion size, and talking about body image. The book is divided into five sections, each of which covers a different aspect of teens’ attitudes about food and their bodies and what parents can do to help them. The first section, “What are we up against . . . and how did we get here, anyway?” examines what is known about the causes and contributing factors to weight-related problems among teens. Section two, “How can we protect our teens when society pushes fat but promotes thin,” discusses the influence of parents, friends, fashion, and fads on teens’ weight, and then offers advice on physical activity, diet, and other cornerstones of healthy weight and body image. The third section, “What and how much should teenagers eat?” looks at portion control, calorie counting, and vegetarianism, among other things teens need to know about nutrition. Section four, “How can we make a difference at home . . . and away?” supplies tips for parents on how to talk to teens about fast food, eating out, and fat. The final section, “What can we do when problems come up?” addresses how to spot signs of an eating disorder and how to help an overweight teen be healthy and happy.
SITES IN REVIEW American Institute for Cancer Research www.aicr.org When the American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR) was established 25 years ago, the concept of adopting a healthy diet as a lifestyle approach to cancer prevention was a novel concept. However, soon after the inception of AICR, the National
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Academy of Sciences issued a scientific report recognizing the relationship between diet and cancer. The aim of AICR is to educate the public about the role of nutrition, exercise, weight management, and other lifestyle behaviors in cancer prevention and treatment. This donor-supported organization also funds related research projects and public policies promoting cancer-free, healthful lifestyles. The AICR Web site addresses three key content areas: publications, diet and cancer prevention, and research. These materials are authored by staff scientists and registered dietitians. The schedule of content updates for the site coincides with the release of AICR electronic publications: weekly Health E Recipes, bi-weekly Cancer Research Updates (for consumers), monthly eNews (for consumers), and quarterly ScienceNow (for health professionals) newsletters, all of which are sent to the e-mail accounts of those who complete the free AICR online registration. In addition, more than 50 consumer pamphlets featuring diet, weight control, and other lifestyle habits for reducing cancer risk are updated on an annual basis. These brochures are posted as PDFs on the site or single paper copies can be ordered at no charge. AICR offers research materials to help health professionals keep abreast of the current scientific evidence associated with lifestyle and cancer prevention. For instance, Food, Nutrition, Physical Activity, and the Prevention of Cancer: A Global Perspective (released November 2007) is an international collaboration on cancer research and evidence-based recommendations. The executive summary, full report, and PowerPoint slides of this landmark publication can be downloaded from the site. Information about AICR research grants as well as briefs about recent AICRfunded research is also posted on its site. In early 2009, AICR revised its site by offering interactive features to customize the information presented to its users. Based on users’ responses to a brief online questionnaire, a health profile of the users’ current diet, exercise, and other lifestyle behaviors is generated, and tailored “advice” including AICR recommendations and suggested resources is provided accordingly. Users can tap into a myriad of AICR consumer resources describing how
their life choices impact cancer risk. These include a database of healthy recipes, fact sheets on cancer-fighting substances in plant foods, and electronic newsletters. In addition, the AICR Nutrition Hotline offers users a venue to submit their diet-related cancer questions to an AICR staff registered dietitian by phone or e-mail. Responses to common topics queried are archived on the site. Cancer Control P.L.A.N.E.T. http://cancercontrolplanet.cancer.gov Cancer Control P.L.A.N.E.T. (Plan, Link, Act, Network with Evidence-based Tools) is a Web portal of databases and other resources designed to facilitate the advancement of evidence-based cancer research and community programs in the US. Sponsored by a consortium of national organizations including the National Cancer Institute, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and American Cancer Society, the overarching goals of Cancer Control P.L.A.N.E.T. are to reduce prevalence of cancer, decrease the number of deaths from cancer, and improve the quality of life for cancer survivors. Researchers, public health officials, health professionals, and the general public have free access to a myriad of resources available on the site. The recommended cancer program development process is outlined on the home page of the site. This five-step process is: 1) assess program priorities, 2) identify potential partners, 3) research reviews of different intervention approaches, 4) find research-tested interventions and products, and 5) plan/evaluate a program. Brief online tutorials for each of these steps with multiple components facilitate the users’ understanding of the Cancer Control P.L.A.N.E.T. program guide. These research planning materials are updated annually with the exception of new programs added monthly to Research Intervention and Products (Step 4). A template of the five-step Cancer Control P.L.A.N.E.T. program guide for nine key cancer topics including diet/nutrition and physical activity is also posted on the home page of the site. Cancer survivorship was added to the list of topics in 2008 and genomics will be introduced in the near future. The integration of more interactive Web tools is also planned when the site is upgraded later this year.
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PERIODICALS Periodical articles of special interest to nutrition professionals are cited or abstracted in this section. Articles that have been abstracted are marked with a darkened circle (●). Literature abstracts and citations are prepared by the Journal editors. Articles are selected from scientific and professional publications chosen to convey fundamental knowledge in nutritional science and to span the specialty practice fields of readers. A list of the publications reviewed for this section is published each year in the December issue. The current list, which includes contact information for each title, appears on page 168 of the January 2009 issue. Readers who want information about any article or publication appearing in New in Review should use this directory to locate the authors or editors of the original article or publication. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL NUTRITION, THE Vol 89, January 2009 (pubs.nutrition.org) Œ
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Nonnutritive Sweetener Consumption in Humans: Effects on Appetite and Food Intake and Their Putative Mechanisms. (Review). Mattes RD, Popkin BM. 1-14. Fifteen-Year Longitudinal Trends in Walking Patterns and Their Impact on Weight Change. GordonLarsen P, Hou N, Sidney S, Sternfeld B, Lewis CE, Jacobs DR, Poplin BM. 19-26. Docosahexaenoic Acid Supplementation and Time at Achievement of Gross Motor Milestones in Healthy Infants: A Randomized, Prospective, DoubleBlind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Agos-
toni C, Zuccotti GV, Radaelli G, Besana R, Podesta A, Sterpa A, Rottoli A, Riva E, Giovannini M. 64-70. Glycemic Index, Postprandial Glycemia, and the Shape of the Curve in Healthy Subjects: Analysis of a Database of More than 1,000 Foods. Brand-Miller JC, Stockmann K, Atkinson F, Petocz P, Denyer G. 97105. Plasma Phospholipid Fatty Acid Profiles and Their Association with Food Intakes: Results from a CrossSectional Study within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. SaadatianElahi M, Slimani N, Chajes V, Jenab M, Goudable J, Biessy C, Ferrari P, Byrnes G, Autier P, Peeters P, Ocke M, de Mesquita B, Johansson I, Hallmanns G, Manjer J, Wirfalt E, Gonzalez CA, Navarro C, Martinez C, Amiano P, Rodriguez-Suarez L, Ardanaz E, Tjonneland A, Halkjaer J, Overvad K, Jakobsen MU, Berrino F, Pala V, Palli D, Tumino R, Vineis P, Santiucci de Maistris M, Spencer EA, Crowe FL, Bingham S, Khaw KT, Linseisen J, Rohrmann S, Boeing H, Noethlings U, Olsen KS, Skeie G, Lund E, Trichopoulou A, Oustoglou E, Clevel-Chapelon F, Riboli E. 331-346.
Infants and docosahexaenoic acid. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is necessary for the neurological development of infants during their first year of life, but few studies have addressed gross motor milestones. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study enrolled 1,160 healthy full-term Italian infants at birth to receive either daily 20 mg DHA liquid or placebo to assess the first year differences of selected gross motor skills (sitting without support, standing alone, hands-and-knees crawling, walking alone) and two selected fine motor skills (object to mouth, object to touch, first two-syllable word). All infants received 400 IU vitamin D-3 in a daily liquid supplement as the blinding vehicle. Breastfeeding duration was recorded since DHA is found in breast milk. Parents kept a diary recording milestones and dietary product intake. Pediatricians documented milestones at time of normal well-care visits. Data were analyzed with intent-to-treat philosophy using Student’s t-test, Mann-
© 2009 by the American Dietetic Association
Whitney, and other comparison tests. Data were available for 94% of infants who completed the study showing the only gross milestone that was shorter in the DHA group was sitting without support, which was shorter by 1 week, whereas all fine motor skills were shorter in the DHA group compared to the control group. The long-term significance of these differences needs to be studied. Funding was provided for the liquid supplements by Human Italia SpA with no other identified support. Plasma phospholipid and food intake. The European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study is an ongoing cross-sectional observation study of ⬎500,000 adults residing in 23 centers of 10 European countries. This nested analysis used stored laboratory samples from a random sample of 200 adults (50% men) residing in 16 collapsed food region designations to focus on the relationship between plasma phospholipid concentrations, dietary intakes of selected major food groups, and two different diet assessment methods. Extensive chemical analysis was completed for 22 individual fatty acids of varying chain lengths. Validated food frequency questionnaires and a 24-hour home diet record were analyzed separately for specific food groups of meat (red, processed), fish (lean, fatty, total), dairy (milk, yogurt, cheese), nuts/seeds, olive oil, margarine, and other oils. The two assessment methods were compared by Spearman’s rank-correlation coefficient. Multivariate regression was used to correlate food group intake and phospholipid content. Complete data were available for 3,003 (94%) of the random sample. A strong trend was seen by food region in phospholipid content, implying that the ecological food pattern within that region determined habitual intake, particularly with fish and longchain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, olive oil and oleic acid, margarine, and elaidic acid. Alcohol intake appeared to provide fatty acid metabolism interactions that were not clearly understood. Selected phospholipids may be used as valid biomarkers for some food intake patterns in the EPIC study cohort. The study is a collaborative funding effort of multiple agencies and governments.
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NEW IN REVIEW M, Peyrot M, Piette J, Reader D, Siminerio LM, Weinger KE, Weiss MA. S87-S94.
BODY IMAGE Vol 6, January 2009 (www.elsevier.com) Œ
Food Cue Exposure and Body Image Satisfaction: The Moderating Role of BMI and Dietary Restraint. Fett AK, Lattimore P, Roefs A, Geschwind N, Jansen A. 14-18.
BRITISH JOURNAL OF NUTRITION Vol 101, January 2009 (www.nutritionsociety.org) Œ
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Immunology of Pre- and Probiotic Supplementation. Peppelenbosch MP, Ferreira CV. 2-4. What You Think Is Not What They Get: Significant Discrepancies between Prescribed and Administered Doses of Tube Feeding. Van den Broek PW, Rasmussen-Conrad EL, Naber AH, Wanten GJ. 68-71. Consumer Acceptance of Nutrigenomics-Based Personalised Nutrition. Ronteltap A, van Trijp JC, Renes RJ. 132-144.
EATING BEHAVIORS Vol 10, January 2009 (www.elsevier.com) Œ
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HARVARD BUSINESS REVIEW Vol 87, January 2009 (www.hbr.org) Œ
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DIABETES CARE Vol 32, January 2009, Supplement (www.diabetes.org/diabetescare) Œ
National Standards for Diabetes SelfManagement Education. Funnell MM, Brown TL, Childs BP, Haas LB, Hosey GM, Jensen B, Maryniuk
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Binge Eating in Adolescents: Its Relation to Behavioural Problems and Family-Meal Patterns. SierraBalgrie S, Lemos-Giraldez S, Fonseca-Pedrero E. 22-28. Psychometric Properties of Self-Monitoring of Eating Disorder Urges among Treatment Seeking Women: Ecological Momentary Assessment Using a Daily Diary Method. Tasca GA, Illing V, Balfour L, Krysanski V, Demidenko N, Nowakowski J, Bissada H. 59-61.
Picking the Right Transition Strategy. Watkins MD. 47-53. Women and the Vision Thing. Ibarra H, Obadaru O. 62-70. What Can Coaches Do for You? Coutu D, Kauffman C. 91-97.
HYPERTENSION Vol 53, January 2009 (hyper.ahajournals.org) ●
Association between the Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Diet
and Hypertension in Youth with Diabetes Mellitus. Cunther AL, Liese AD, Bell RA, Dabelea D, Lawrence JM, Rodriguez RL, Standifor DA, Mayer-Davis EJ. 6-12. DASH diet for teens. The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) diet plan has been shown to be effective in adults, but no studies have addressed the impact on adolescents. This study was a secondary analysis of the population-based multicenter USgovernment funded SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study project following a cohort of young adults ⬍20 years of age who had a diabetes mellitus diagnosis type 1 (DMT1) or type 2 (DMT2) residing in more than seven states. The goal of the analysis was to examine the relationship between the DASH diet and hypertension during 2001-2005 using the results from the study’s modified version of the Block Kid’s Food Questionnaire coded to create a DASH index based on the eight food groups and recommended daily energy intake levels. Odds ratios were calculated using tertiles of DASH index with hypertension prevalence with adjustments for covariates. Overall hypertension prevalence was 9.8% with lower rates for DMT1 (n⫽2,440, 6.8%) compared to DMT2 (n⫽390, 28.2%). The highest tertiles of DASH index were still low compared to optimal index particularly in
NEW IN REVIEW whole grains, fruits, and vegetables. Greatest blood pressure effect (40% reduction) was seen in the DMT1 group along with younger ages, higher parental education, and physical activity. The DMT2 group had more obesity (76.2% vs 12.1%), but body weight was poorly correlated and statistical power limited due to sample size in this group. Funding was provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the National Institutes of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INFORMATICS Vol 78, January 2009 (www.intl.elsevierhealth.com/journals) Œ
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STARE-HI-Statement on Reporting of Evaluation Studies in Health Informatics. Talmon J, Ammenwerth E, Brender J, de Keizer N, Nykanen P, Rigby. 1-9. Incorporating Collaboratory Concepts into Informatics in Support of Translational Interdisciplinary Biomedical Research. Lee ES, McDonald DW, Anderson N, TarczyHoroch P. 10-21.
JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN GERIATRICS SOCIETY Vol 57, January 2009 (www.blackwellpublishing.com) ●
and selected biomarkers (serum n-3 levels, ICF-1, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, albumin, apolipoprotein E4 allele) in mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease. Participants were home-living, not taking any nutritional supplements, and diagnosed by the mini-mental state examination score of 15-30. Outcome variables included demographics, anthropometrics, and multiple tests (cognitive function, laboratory tests, appetite) taken at baseline, 6-, and 12-month intervals. Data were analyzed by logistic regression over time periods along with appropriate comparisons by variables of interest and presence of allele (2/3 of sample). Results showed the use of the n-3 fatty acids was documented by statistically higher serum levels. n-3 use also decreased inflammatory marker C-reactive protein by an odds ratio of 1.17 while increasing or maintaining body mass index levels of 23-24 along with appetite score. Albumin decreased in both groups, possibly due to DNA transcription by n-3 fatty acids. Funding was provided by Pronova Biocare A/S, Lysaker, Norway, and a cohort of Swedish government and foundation grants. THE JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION Vol 301, January 7, 2009 (jama.ama-assn.org) Œ
Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation Effects on Weight and Appetite in Patients with Alzheimer’s Disease: The Omega-3 Alzheimer’s Disease Study. Irving GF, Freund-Levi Y, Eriksdottter-Jonhagen M, Basun H, Brismar K, Hjorth E, Palmblad J, Vessby B, Bedin I, Wahlund LO, Cederolm T. 11-17.
Omega-3 and Alzheimer’s. Patients with Alzheimer’s disease often lose weight, and this weight loss may precede diagnosis. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted in 204 adults (mean age 73 years, 52% women) treated in geriatric specialty memory clinics in Stockholm, Sweden (2001-2004), to assess whether daily supplementation of omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids (1.7 g docosahexaenoic acid and 0.6 g eicosapentaenoic acid) would have an effect on body weight, appetite,
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Effect of Selenium and Vitamin E on Risk of Prostate Cancer and Other Cancers: The Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial (SELECT). Lippman SM, Klein EA, Goodman PJ, Lucia MS, Thompson IM, Ford LG, Parnes HL, Minasian LM, Gaziano JM, Hartline JA, Parons JK, Bearden JD, Crawford ED, Goodman GE, Winquist JC, Cook ED, Karp DD, Walther P, Lieber MM, Kristal AR, Darke AK, Arnold KB, Ganz PA, Santella RM, Albanes D, Taylor PR, Probstfield JL, Jagpal TH, Crowley JJ, Meyskens FL, Baker LH, Coltman CA. 39-51. Vitamins E and C in the Prevention of Prostrate and Total Cancer in Men. The Physicians’ Health Study II Randomized Controlled Trial. Gaziano JM, Glynn RJ, Christen WG, Jurth T, Belanger C, MacFadyen J, Bubes V, Manson JE, Sesso HD, Buring JE. 52-62. How to Use an Article about Genetic Association. A: Background Concepts. Attia J, Ioannidis JP, Thakkin-
stian A, McEvoy M, Scott RJ, Minelli C, Thompson J, InfanteRivard C, Guyatt G. 74-81. Vol 301, January 14, 2009 Œ
How to Use an Article about Genetic Association. B: Are the Results of the Study Valid? Attia J, Ioannidis JP, Thakkinstian A, McEvoy M, Scott RJ, Minelli C, Thompson J, Infante-Rivard C, Guyatt G. 191-197.
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Effect of Preventive Supplementation with Ready-to-Use Therapeutic Food on the Nutritional Status, Mortality, and Morbidity of Children Aged 6 to 60 Months in Niger: A Clustered Randomized Trial. Isanaka S, Nombela N, Djibo A, Poupard M, Van Beckhoven D, Gaboulaud V, Guerin PJ, Grais RF. 277-285. How to Use an Article about Genetic Association. C: What Are the Results and Will They Help Me in Caring for My Patients? Attia J, Ioannidis JP, Thakkinstian A, McEvoy M, Scott RJ, Minelli C, Thompson J, InfanteRivard C, Guyatt G. 304-308. Ready-to-Use Therapeutic Food for the Prevention of Wasting in Children. (Editorial). Neufeld LM. 327-328.
RTU food supplementation. Ready-to-use (RTU) therapeutic foods have been shown to be effective in child malnutrition, but their use as a preventive strategy is unknown. This randomized cluster trial enrolled children 6 to 60 months of age residing among 12 villages in Maradi, Niger, to receive a daily supplemental packet of 500 kcal or no intervention to assess the effect on nutritional status, mortality, and morbidity for 3 months. The timing of the supplement (August-October 2006) was selected to be just prior to the annual harvest when food availability is lowest. Children were eligible if they met the National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS) standard for weight-for height at 80% or more of the reference range. Children with less than 80% were already eligible for RTU foods distributed free of charge. Research teams visited monthly and collected data through March 2007. Village leaders gave consent for participation. Concurrent medical conditions such as malaria, diarrhea, and infections were
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NEW IN REVIEW treated. Individual weight-for-height z scores were calculated for the 8 months. Groups were compared by a mixed-effects model followed by a Cox proportional hazards model. The final sample was 3,533 children (mean age 30 months, 49-51% male) from 1,407 households. A mean adjusted difference of 0.22 z scores between groups was found with a substantial reduction in wasting (36%) and severe wasting (58%) status in the intervention group. There was no difference in mortality. Funding support came from Medecins Sans Frontieres. JOURNAL OF FOOD SCIENCE Vol 74, January/February 2009 (www.ift.org) Œ
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External Concentrations of Organic Acid Anions and pH: Key Independent Variables for Studying How Organic Acids Inhibit Growth of Bacteria in Mildly Acidic Foods. (Review). Carpenter CE, Broadbent JR. R12R15. Technological and Functional Applications of Low-Calorie Sweeteners from Lactic Acid Bacteria. (Review). Patra F, Tomar SK, Arora S. R16-R23. Food Safety Knowledge of Cheese Consumers. Planzer SB, da Cruz AG, Sant’ana AS, Silva R, Moura MR, de Carvalho LM. M28-M30. Reduction of Oil Absorption in DeepFried, Battered, and Breaded Chicken Patties Using Whey Protein Isolate as a Postbreading Dip: Effect on Flavor, Color, and Texture. MahE, Brannan RG. S9-S16. Sensory Stability of Ultra-High Temperature Milk in Polyethylene Bottle. Petrus RR, Walter EH, Faria JA, Abreu LF. S53-S57.
Ultra-high temperature milk containers. Ultra-high temperature (UHT) milk is packaged globally in laminated aseptic cartons. This Brazilian study analyzed the stability and sensory characteristics of UHT milk processed and packaged by different heat treatments in highdensity polyethylene (HDPE) bottles which are more recyclable. Raw milk was pasteurized, homogenized, and analyzed prior to bottling in white titanium dioxide 500 mL HDPE containers covered with an aluminum foil heat seal and an HDPE screw cap. Two 10second processing temperatures of 135°C and 141°C prior to filling in ster-
ilized containers was used. The product was then cooled, stored at room temperature exposed to natural light, and tested at intervals up to 13 weeks. Physicochemical tests were done on three random samples of each lot for fat content, total protein, titrable acidity, specific gravity, and defatted dry matter. Blinded sensory tests of 50-mL samples served at 12°C were completed by a cohort of 40 adults who regularly consumed UHT milk using a 9-point hedonic scale for appearance, aroma, flavor, and overall quality. This panel also separately evaluated four commercial UHT milk samples. Statistical evaluation used analysis of variance followed by Tukey’s test. The ratings for the milk products began to fall below minimal acceptance levels at the fourth week of storage. The acceptable storage shelf life averaged 11 weeks compared to 3 to 6 months for traditional aseptic packaging. The use of HDPE, however, may be a practical low-cost on-site option in smaller dairy plants and where distinctive packaging shape and size are desirable. Funding was provided by Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP).
JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR Vol 41, January/February 2009 (www.jneb.org)
JOURNAL OF NUTRITION Vol 139, January 2009 (pubs.nutrition.org)
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Dietary Stearidonic Acid Is a Long Chain (n-3) Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid with Potential Health Benefits. (Review). Whelan J. 5-10. Minimizing Amino Acid Catabolism Decreases Amino Acid Requirements. (Commentary). Klasing KC. 11-12. Body Iron Stores and Oxidative Damage in Humans Increased During and After a 10- to 12-Day Undersea Dive. Zwart SR, Kala G, Smith SM. 90-95.
JOURNAL OF NUTRITIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY Vol 20, January 2009 (www.intl.elsevierhealth.com) Œ
Experimental Models and Mechanisms Underlying the Protective Effects of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Alzheimer’s Disease. (Review). Boudrault C, Bazinet RP, Ma DW. 1-10.
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Understanding Adherence to 5 Servings of Fruits and Vegetables per Day: A Theory of Planned Behavior Perspective. Blanchard CM, Fisher J, Sparling PB, Shanks TH, Nehl E, Rhodes RE, Courneya KS, Baker F. 3-10. Dietary Behaviors and Portion Sizes of Black Women Who Enrolled in SisterTalk and Variation by Demographic Characteristics. Gans KM, Risica PM, Kirtania U, Jennings A, Strolla LO, SteinerAsiedu M, Hardy N, Lasater TM. 32-40.
JOURNAL OF PARENTERAL AND ENTERAL NUTRITION Vol 33, January 2009 (www.nutritioncare.org) Œ
Analysis of Estimation Methods for Resting Metabolic Rate in Critically Ill Adults. Frankenfield DC, Coleman A, Alam S, Cooney RN. 27-36. Year-Long Changes in Protein Metabolism in Elderly Men and Women Supplemented with a Nutrition Cocktail of -Hydroxy--methylbutyrate (HMB), L-Arginine, and L-Lysine. 71-82.
JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS Vol 154, January 2009 (journals.elsevierhealth.com/periodicals/ ympd) Œ
Infant Feeding and Weight in the First Year of Life in Babies of Women with Eating Disorders. Micali N, Simonoff E, Treasure J. 55-60.e1.
METABOLISM: CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL Vol 58, January 2009 (www.elsevier.com/ metabolism) Œ
Relationship between Plasma Adiponectin and Body Fat Distribution, Insulin Sensitivity, and Plasma Lipoproteins in Alaskan Yup’ik Eskimos: The Center for Alaska Native Health
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NEW IN REVIEW Research Study. Goropashnaya AV, Herron J, Sexton M, Havel PJ, Stanhope KL, Plasetke R, Mohatt GV, Boyer BB. 22-29. NUTRITION, METABOLISM, AND CARDOVASCULAR DISEASES Vol 19, January 2009 (www.elsevier.com) Œ
The Mediterranean Adequacy Index: Further Confirming Results of Validity. Alberti A, Fruttini D, Fidanza F. 61-66.
NUTRITION RESEARCH Vol 29, January 2009 (www.elsevier.com/ nr) Œ
Lycium barbarum (goji) Juice Improves In Vivo Antioxidant Biomarkers in Serum of Healthy Adults. Amagzse H, Sun B, Borek C. 19-25.
PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING Vol 74, January 2008 (www.elsevier.com) Œ
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Participation in Online Patient Support Groups Endorses Patients’ Empowerment. Van Uden-Kraan CF, Brossaert SH, Taal E, Seydel ER, van de Laar MA. 61-69. How Do Parents of Child Patients Compare Consultations with Homeopaths and Physicians? A Qualitative Study. Rise MB, Steinsbekk A. 91-96.
PEDIATRICS Vol 123, January 2009 (www.pediatrics.org) ●
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Juggling Work and Breastfeeding: Effects of Maternity Leave and Occupational Characteristics. Guendelman S, Kosa JL, Pearl M, Graham S, Goodman J, Kharrazi M. e38-e43. Contribution of Early Weight Gain to Childhood Overweight and Metabolic Health: A Longitudinal Study (EarlyBird36). Gardner DS, Hosking J, Metcalf BS, Jeffery AN, Voss LD, Wilkin TJ. e67-e73. Effect of Bimonthly Supplementation with Oral Cholecalciferol on Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D Concentrations in HIV-Infected Children and Adolescents. Arpadi SM, McMahon D, Abrams EJ, Bamji M, Purswani M, Engelson ES, Horlick M, Shane E. e121-e126.
Breastfeeding and work. The nutritional benefits of breastfeeding are well known, but working mothers may have more challenges to sustain breastfeeding levels after they return to work. This retrospective observational study used a postpartum (mean 4.5 months) telephone interview of full-time working mothers delivering live infants (born 2002-2003) to assess whether time of returning to work affected duration of breastfeeding. Over 1,200 women were screened resulting in a data cohort of 770 (73% of eligible fulltime employed women). Outcome variables collected included establishment of breastfeeding, duration of breastfeeding, specific questions on problems and barriers, employer leave and work expectations, leave benefits, work shift, selected Life Events Inventory questions, and demographics. Interviews were conducted by trained multilingual staff and participants received a $10 gift card. Analysis weighted point estimates by probability sampling inverse correlates; rates were compared by 2; weighted odds ratios were calculated along with other modeling techniques. Results showed 82% breastfeeding in the hospital and 68% returned to work after an average of 10.3⫾4.8 weeks leave. The length of leave was positively correlated to duration of breastfeeding. Mothers returning to work within 6 weeks of delivery (odds ratio 4.49) were least likely to continue breastfeeding. Breastfeeding discontinuation was greatest during the first month returning to work (29%), but 23% discontinued the month prior to returning to work. Flexible work schedule and managerial status increased duration of breastfeeding. Current United States law provides for 12 weeks unpaid jobprotected leave only in companies ⬎50 employees. Partial funding was received from California government and academic sources. EarlyBird 36 study. Understanding weight gain patterns during the first years of life may help predict intervention programs towards obesity, diabetes, and insulin resistance later in life. The EarlyBird Diabetes Study is a prospective observational longitudinal cohort of young healthy children residing in Plymouth, UK, designed to provide insight into potential effective preventive health measures. The study began in 20002001 and enrolled 307 children (98% white, 55% male) at the mean age of 4.9 years. This analysis focused on the first
4 years (ages 5 to 9 years) of the annual outcome data including fasting laboratory parameters, height, weight, body composition by whole-body dual-energy radiograph absorptiometry, and historical medical records from birth. Each child served as his or her own control and was compared to standard sex-specific growth curves. Statistical comparison was done by analysis of variance, Pearson’s correlation, derived z scores of growth patterns, and logistic regression. A composite metabolic score for risk of insulin resistance was calculated from selected lab parameters. Results were available for 233 children (76%). The majority of excess weight at age 9 years was gained during the first 5 years of life (91% girls, 70% boys). The timing of the weight gain may have more influence on the metabolic score prediction than other variables. Funding support is provided by a cohort of British foundations and agencies. PREVENTIVE MEDICINE Vol 48, January 2009 (www.elsevier.com) Œ
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Active School Transport, Physical Activity Levels and Body Weight in Children and Youth: A Systematic Review. (Review). Faulkner GE, Buliung RN, Flora PK, Fusco C. 3-8. Impact of Progressive Resistance Training on Lipids and Lipoproteins in Adults: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. (Metaanalysis). Kelley GA, Kelley KS. Do School Based Food and Nutrition Policies Improve Diet and Reduce Obesity? Jaime PC, Lock K. 45-53. Leisure-Time Physical Activity and Occupational Sitting: Associations with Steps/Day and BMI in 54-59 Year Old Australian Women. Tudor-Locke C, Burton NW, Brown WJ. 64-68.
PRACTITIONER’S BOOKSHELF I’m, Like, So Fat! Helping Your Teen Make Healthy Choices about Eating and Exercise in a Weight Obsessed World By: Dianne Neumark-Sztainer, PhD, MPH, RD; New York, NY: The Guilford Press; 2005; $16.95; paperback; 317 pp; ISBN: 1-57230-980-6. In a society full of pressures that promote obesity but reward thinness, in
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NEW IN REVIEW which teenagers are surrounded by high-calorie, low-nutrient food, portion sizes have grown dramatically, and physical activity among teens has declined, and yet being thin and muscular is the ideal, it’s no wonder that teenagers are confused about eating and dissatisfied with the way they look. In I’m, Like, So Fat!, Dianne Neumark-Sztainer, a principal investigator for Project EAT (Eating Among Teens), provides a guide for parents on how to strike the difficult balance between bolstering their teens’ selfesteem and offering constructive advice. Neumark-Sztainer offers a wealth of science-based, practical ideas for instilling healthy eating and exercise habits, educating teens about nutrition and portion size, and talking about body image. The book is divided into five sections, each of which covers a different aspect of teens’ attitudes about food and their bodies and what parents can do to help them. The first section, “What are we up against . . . and how did we get here, anyway?” examines what is known about the causes and contributing factors to weight-related problems among teens. Section two, “How can we protect our teens when society pushes fat but promotes thin,” discusses the influence of parents, friends, fashion, and fads on teens’ weight, and then offers advice on physical activity, diet, and other cornerstones of healthy weight and body image. The third section, “What and how much should teenagers eat?” looks at portion control, calorie counting, and vegetarianism, among other things teens need to know about nutrition. Section four, “How can we make a difference at home . . . and away?” supplies tips for parents on how to talk to teens about fast food, eating out, and fat. The final section, “What can we do when problems come up?” addresses how to spot signs of an eating disorder and how to help an overweight teen be healthy and happy.
SITES IN REVIEW American Institute for Cancer Research www.aicr.org When the American Institute for Cancer Research (AICR) was established 25 years ago, the concept of adopting a healthy diet as a lifestyle approach to cancer prevention was a novel concept. However, soon after the inception of AICR, the National
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Academy of Sciences issued a scientific report recognizing the relationship between diet and cancer. The aim of AICR is to educate the public about the role of nutrition, exercise, weight management, and other lifestyle behaviors in cancer prevention and treatment. This donor-supported organization also funds related research projects and public policies promoting cancer-free, healthful lifestyles. The AICR Web site addresses three key content areas: publications, diet and cancer prevention, and research. These materials are authored by staff scientists and registered dietitians. The schedule of content updates for the site coincides with the release of AICR electronic publications: weekly Health E Recipes, bi-weekly Cancer Research Updates (for consumers), monthly eNews (for consumers), and quarterly ScienceNow (for health professionals) newsletters, all of which are sent to the e-mail accounts of those who complete the free AICR online registration. In addition, more than 50 consumer pamphlets featuring diet, weight control, and other lifestyle habits for reducing cancer risk are updated on an annual basis. These brochures are posted as PDFs on the site or single paper copies can be ordered at no charge. AICR offers research materials to help health professionals keep abreast of the current scientific evidence associated with lifestyle and cancer prevention. For instance, Food, Nutrition, Physical Activity, and the Prevention of Cancer: A Global Perspective (released November 2007) is an international collaboration on cancer research and evidence-based recommendations. The executive summary, full report, and PowerPoint slides of this landmark publication can be downloaded from the site. Information about AICR research grants as well as briefs about recent AICRfunded research is also posted on its site. In early 2009, AICR revised its site by offering interactive features to customize the information presented to its users. Based on users’ responses to a brief online questionnaire, a health profile of the users’ current diet, exercise, and other lifestyle behaviors is generated, and tailored “advice” including AICR recommendations and suggested resources is provided accordingly. Users can tap into a myriad of AICR consumer resources describing how
their life choices impact cancer risk. These include a database of healthy recipes, fact sheets on cancer-fighting substances in plant foods, and electronic newsletters. In addition, the AICR Nutrition Hotline offers users a venue to submit their diet-related cancer questions to an AICR staff registered dietitian by phone or e-mail. Responses to common topics queried are archived on the site. Cancer Control P.L.A.N.E.T. http://cancercontrolplanet.cancer.gov Cancer Control P.L.A.N.E.T. (Plan, Link, Act, Network with Evidence-based Tools) is a Web portal of databases and other resources designed to facilitate the advancement of evidence-based cancer research and community programs in the US. Sponsored by a consortium of national organizations including the National Cancer Institute, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and American Cancer Society, the overarching goals of Cancer Control P.L.A.N.E.T. are to reduce prevalence of cancer, decrease the number of deaths from cancer, and improve the quality of life for cancer survivors. Researchers, public health officials, health professionals, and the general public have free access to a myriad of resources available on the site. The recommended cancer program development process is outlined on the home page of the site. This five-step process is: 1) assess program priorities, 2) identify potential partners, 3) research reviews of different intervention approaches, 4) find research-tested interventions and products, and 5) plan/evaluate a program. Brief online tutorials for each of these steps with multiple components facilitate the users’ understanding of the Cancer Control P.L.A.N.E.T. program guide. These research planning materials are updated annually with the exception of new programs added monthly to Research Intervention and Products (Step 4). A template of the five-step Cancer Control P.L.A.N.E.T. program guide for nine key cancer topics including diet/nutrition and physical activity is also posted on the home page of the site. Cancer survivorship was added to the list of topics in 2008 and genomics will be introduced in the near future. The integration of more interactive Web tools is also planned when the site is upgraded later this year.