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Are schizophrenic deficits in signal detection during vigilance and span of apprehension vulnerability or episode indicators?
Keith H. Nuechterlein,Fh.D.*, Mitiel E. Dawson, Ph.D., Jose@ Ventura, M.A., David Fogelson,M.D., and Michael Gitlin, M.D.
Universityof Dqarhe&ofPsy&iatryandBiobehavioralSciences, California,Ios Aqeles, 1010 Rstwccd Blvd., Rocm 317, Ios Angeles, CA 90024 schiZ_C SeveralinvestigatorshaveproposedadistixtionbeWeen vuherabilityh-dicatorsandepisodeirx?&ato~basedon~the ananalies arepreserrtogilyduringtheactivesyrrp?tomaticstateorona . . cxntmmq basis (C!rm~+&l&ISpaulding, 1978; Zubin & Sprirg, 1977). In addition, Nuedkerlein and Dawson (1984)distiqukhed two types of vubxability indicators- stable vulnerabilityinaicatorsarrlmeaiating vulnembility factors. Bothare&a.racterizedbycontimhgabnormal l~elsinschiz~cpatientsacross~icandranittedstates, butthefonWrrelnain stable while the latter show significant wvariationwithlevel ofpsycbtic sy@xanatology.
Thepresent investigationexamhesthesedistinctionsfor&hnuous withina PerformanceTest(cpT)ardspanofapprehensionperformance loxqilxlinalstudyof recent-onset,RDc+iefinedschizophrenicpatienk. remissionandduringanactivepsychotic ~~ti=&==etestedin standardizedmedicationlevels (12.5ny. fl~zine decanoate), wi~clinical st&edefineabytheBrief Psychiatric&king Scale. Matchednonnalsubjectswzretestedatoxparabletimehterval Schiz~cpatients~ fandtohavesignificantdeficits ineach% the~clinicdlstates~signdl~~duringafo~~i~span of~~ian,a~~inulus~,anla~~-loads. Deficits on the forced-choicespan of apprehension~degmded-stimulus CPTdidnutinuease with psychotic state ard fit the definition of stablevulnembility indicators. The deficit on the memory-load CPT is a potentialmediating vulnerabilityfactor, as it became significantly wxsewhenpatientswere inapsychticstate. Thefil&ngsextenddataf~childrenofschiz~cpati~ (Asarnx, Steffy, MacCrhnnon, C Cleghom, 1977; Nuedkerlein, 1983; Rubcham, Comblatt, & Erlemkqer-Kimling, 1977, 1986) and crosssectionalstudiesofschizophrenicpatierrtsby~ingdirectly that signal detection deficits in these tachkb6cqic tasks are exluring ~~~~of~z~cpati~thatarenatlimitedtoa~~e synpbnatic periods. l%eseongoi.qsubtleabnormaJ.ities in inforn&ionprocessingarel~ytobepartoftheunderlyingsubstratefor SchiZMC
--WY.
Universityof Dqarhe&ofPsy&iatryandBiobehavioralSciences, California,Ios Aqeles, 1010 Rstwccd Blvd., Rocm 317, Ios Angeles, CA 90024 schiZ_C SeveralinvestigatorshaveproposedadistixtionbeWeen vuherabilityh-dicatorsandepisodeirx?&ato~basedon~the ananalies arepreserrtogilyduringtheactivesyrrp?tomaticstateorona . . cxntmmq basis (C!rm~+&l&ISpaulding, 1978; Zubin & Sprirg, 1977). In addition, Nuedkerlein and Dawson (1984)distiqukhed two types of vubxability indicators- stable vulnerabilityinaicatorsarrlmeaiating vulnembility factors. Bothare&a.racterizedbycontimhgabnormal l~elsinschiz~cpatientsacross~icandranittedstates, butthefonWrrelnain stable while the latter show significant wvariationwithlevel ofpsycbtic sy@xanatology.
Thepresent investigationexamhesthesedistinctionsfor&hnuous withina PerformanceTest(cpT)ardspanofapprehensionperformance loxqilxlinalstudyof recent-onset,RDc+iefinedschizophrenicpatienk. remissionandduringanactivepsychotic ~~ti=&==etestedin standardizedmedicationlevels (12.5ny. fl~zine decanoate), wi~clinical st&edefineabytheBrief Psychiatric&king Scale. Matchednonnalsubjectswzretestedatoxparabletimehterval Schiz~cpatients~ fandtohavesignificantdeficits ineach% the~clinicdlstates~signdl~~duringafo~~i~span of~~ian,a~~inulus~,anla~~-loads. Deficits on the forced-choicespan of apprehension~degmded-stimulus CPTdidnutinuease with psychotic state ard fit the definition of stablevulnembility indicators. The deficit on the memory-load CPT is a potentialmediating vulnerabilityfactor, as it became significantly wxsewhenpatientswere inapsychticstate. Thefil&ngsextenddataf~childrenofschiz~cpati~ (Asarnx, Steffy, MacCrhnnon, C Cleghom, 1977; Nuedkerlein, 1983; Rubcham, Comblatt, & Erlemkqer-Kimling, 1977, 1986) and crosssectionalstudiesofschizophrenicpatierrtsby~ingdirectly that signal detection deficits in these tachkb6cqic tasks are exluring ~~~~of~z~cpati~thatarenatlimitedtoa~~e synpbnatic periods. l%eseongoi.qsubtleabnormaJ.ities in inforn&ionprocessingarel~ytobepartoftheunderlyingsubstratefor SchiZMC
--WY.