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Arginine incorporated to an etch-and-rinse adhesive system
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d e n t a l m a t e r i a l s 3 1 S ( 2 0 1 5 ) e1–e66
Results: There was no statistical difference in TP (p = 0.357) and CR (p < 0.05) between the tested IS. For both groups, CR was equal to 1.0, which means that the IS were opaque. Conclusion: LD has similar opacity to ZC if the manufacturer recommendations are followed, which means that LD infrastructure is thicker (1 mm) than ZC infrastructure (0.5 mm). Therefore, LD can be indicated for implantsupported restorations, being able to mask the metal abutment. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2015.08.110 In-office bleaching evaluation: Agent, treatment time and post-operative sensitivity L.D. Carvalho 1,∗ , G. Bruzi 2 , J.K. Bernardon 3 , L.N. Baratieri 3 1
The University of British Columbia, Canada Federal University of Alfenas, Brazil 3 Federal University of Santa Catarina, Brazil 2
Purpose: The present study aimed to evaluate the treatment time and the post-bleaching sensitivity of two different in-office bleaching agents: 37% carbamide peroxide (CP) and 38% hydrogen peroxide (HP). Methods and materials: After IRB approval and informed consent signed, 50 subjects were selected based on their anterior teeth shade (A3 or darker, Vita Classic Shade Guide), respecting the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The bleaching agents were evaluated through a split-mouth design, on anterior teeth from the same patient. On the right hemi-arc 37% CP (Power Bleaching/BM4) was used, through 6 applications made in consecutive days (1 h each), whereas the left hemiarc 38% HP (Opalescence Boost/Ultradent) was applied, in 4 sessions, one per week (45 min each). The dental color change was assessed using a spectrophotometer (Easyshade/Vita) and the tooth sensitivity was evaluated through VAS scale, just before the bleaching sessions. ANOVA, Tukey–Kramer and Kruskal–Wallis tests were used to analyze the results (p < 0.05). Results: The 38% HP provided a statistically significant color change after 2 sessions while the 37% CP after 3 sessions, when compared to baseline. The teeth treated with 38% HP showed higher sensitivity degree in the day of the gel application (described as 6–10 in the VAS scale). The sensitivity with 37% CP was described as 0–3 at the same scale. In both treatments, the color change after all sessions was approved by the patients. No difference was founded in the final color between the two treatments. Conclusion: It could be concluded that the color change obtained in 6 consecutive sessions with 37% CP was comparable to the the color change obtained in 4 sessions with 38% HP, one per week. The sensitivity was significantly lower with the 37% CP treatment. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2015.08.111
111 Arginine incorporated to an etch-and-rinse adhesive system E.F. Soares 1 , A.J. Alvarez 2 , M.A. Sinhoreti 1 , S. Geraldeli 2 , M.M. Nascimento 2,∗ 1
State University of Campinas, Piracicaba Dental School, Piracicaba, Brazil 2 University of Florida, College of Dentistry, Gainesville, USA Purpose: Arginine metabolism by oral bacteria generates ammonia, which can neutralize glycolytic acids and reduce the risk of secondary caries at the tooth-composite interface. This preliminary study aimed to develop and compare an etch-and-rinse adhesive system containing four different concentrations of arginine for sustainable release without affecting the mechanical properties. Methods and materials: The experimental etch-and-rinse two bottle adhesive was formulated without arginine (Control: C) and with different, effectively incorporated concentrations of arginine: G2.5%, G5%, G7% and G10%. Three-point bending flexural strength test (FS) and flexural modulus analysis (FM) were conducted on a total of 40 bar-shaped specimens 10 × 2 × 2 mm (n = 8 for each group) according to ISO 4049. A universal testing machine (Instron, USA; span between supports = 5 mm) at a cross-head speed of 0.5 mm/min was used to conduct the tests. FM was calculated using a Bluehill 3 software. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey’s test. Statistical significance was established at a = 0.05. Results: FS results for each group were as following: C (10.70 MPa), G2.5% (9.53 MPa), G5% (9.56 MPa), G7% (9.77 MPa), G10% (9.45 MPa). There were no statistically significant differences for FS values between C and G7% (p > 0.05), and among G2.5%, G5%, G7% and G10% (p > 0.05). C group had statistically significant higher FS values when compared to G2.5%, G5% and G10% (p > 0.05). The FM results were as following: C (1.24 GPa), G2.5% (1.18 GPa), G5% (1.13 GPa), G7% (1.26 GPa), G10% (1.29 GPa) and no statistically significant differences were found among all groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The incorporation of arginine at all concentrations tested did not alter the flexural modulus and the incorporation of 7% arginine did not alter the flexural strength of the experimental adhesive as compared to the control. Future directions include testing other physical and mechanical properties as well as the anti-caries efficacy of this novel arginine-based adhesive. Supported by the ADA Foundation (ADAF). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2015.08.112
d e n t a l m a t e r i a l s 3 1 S ( 2 0 1 5 ) e1–e66
Results: There was no statistical difference in TP (p = 0.357) and CR (p < 0.05) between the tested IS. For both groups, CR was equal to 1.0, which means that the IS were opaque. Conclusion: LD has similar opacity to ZC if the manufacturer recommendations are followed, which means that LD infrastructure is thicker (1 mm) than ZC infrastructure (0.5 mm). Therefore, LD can be indicated for implantsupported restorations, being able to mask the metal abutment. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2015.08.110 In-office bleaching evaluation: Agent, treatment time and post-operative sensitivity L.D. Carvalho 1,∗ , G. Bruzi 2 , J.K. Bernardon 3 , L.N. Baratieri 3 1
The University of British Columbia, Canada Federal University of Alfenas, Brazil 3 Federal University of Santa Catarina, Brazil 2
Purpose: The present study aimed to evaluate the treatment time and the post-bleaching sensitivity of two different in-office bleaching agents: 37% carbamide peroxide (CP) and 38% hydrogen peroxide (HP). Methods and materials: After IRB approval and informed consent signed, 50 subjects were selected based on their anterior teeth shade (A3 or darker, Vita Classic Shade Guide), respecting the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The bleaching agents were evaluated through a split-mouth design, on anterior teeth from the same patient. On the right hemi-arc 37% CP (Power Bleaching/BM4) was used, through 6 applications made in consecutive days (1 h each), whereas the left hemiarc 38% HP (Opalescence Boost/Ultradent) was applied, in 4 sessions, one per week (45 min each). The dental color change was assessed using a spectrophotometer (Easyshade/Vita) and the tooth sensitivity was evaluated through VAS scale, just before the bleaching sessions. ANOVA, Tukey–Kramer and Kruskal–Wallis tests were used to analyze the results (p < 0.05). Results: The 38% HP provided a statistically significant color change after 2 sessions while the 37% CP after 3 sessions, when compared to baseline. The teeth treated with 38% HP showed higher sensitivity degree in the day of the gel application (described as 6–10 in the VAS scale). The sensitivity with 37% CP was described as 0–3 at the same scale. In both treatments, the color change after all sessions was approved by the patients. No difference was founded in the final color between the two treatments. Conclusion: It could be concluded that the color change obtained in 6 consecutive sessions with 37% CP was comparable to the the color change obtained in 4 sessions with 38% HP, one per week. The sensitivity was significantly lower with the 37% CP treatment. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2015.08.111
111 Arginine incorporated to an etch-and-rinse adhesive system E.F. Soares 1 , A.J. Alvarez 2 , M.A. Sinhoreti 1 , S. Geraldeli 2 , M.M. Nascimento 2,∗ 1
State University of Campinas, Piracicaba Dental School, Piracicaba, Brazil 2 University of Florida, College of Dentistry, Gainesville, USA Purpose: Arginine metabolism by oral bacteria generates ammonia, which can neutralize glycolytic acids and reduce the risk of secondary caries at the tooth-composite interface. This preliminary study aimed to develop and compare an etch-and-rinse adhesive system containing four different concentrations of arginine for sustainable release without affecting the mechanical properties. Methods and materials: The experimental etch-and-rinse two bottle adhesive was formulated without arginine (Control: C) and with different, effectively incorporated concentrations of arginine: G2.5%, G5%, G7% and G10%. Three-point bending flexural strength test (FS) and flexural modulus analysis (FM) were conducted on a total of 40 bar-shaped specimens 10 × 2 × 2 mm (n = 8 for each group) according to ISO 4049. A universal testing machine (Instron, USA; span between supports = 5 mm) at a cross-head speed of 0.5 mm/min was used to conduct the tests. FM was calculated using a Bluehill 3 software. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and post hoc Tukey’s test. Statistical significance was established at a = 0.05. Results: FS results for each group were as following: C (10.70 MPa), G2.5% (9.53 MPa), G5% (9.56 MPa), G7% (9.77 MPa), G10% (9.45 MPa). There were no statistically significant differences for FS values between C and G7% (p > 0.05), and among G2.5%, G5%, G7% and G10% (p > 0.05). C group had statistically significant higher FS values when compared to G2.5%, G5% and G10% (p > 0.05). The FM results were as following: C (1.24 GPa), G2.5% (1.18 GPa), G5% (1.13 GPa), G7% (1.26 GPa), G10% (1.29 GPa) and no statistically significant differences were found among all groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: The incorporation of arginine at all concentrations tested did not alter the flexural modulus and the incorporation of 7% arginine did not alter the flexural strength of the experimental adhesive as compared to the control. Future directions include testing other physical and mechanical properties as well as the anti-caries efficacy of this novel arginine-based adhesive. Supported by the ADA Foundation (ADAF). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2015.08.112