- Email: [email protected]
Arthrowallemia, a new genus of hyphomycetes from tropical litter
Mycol. Res. 102 (1) : 16–18 (1998)
Printed in the United Kingdom
16
Arthrowallemia, a new genus of hyphomycetes from tropical litter
R. F. C A S T A NN E D A R U I; Z1, D. G A R C I; A A N D J. G U A R R O2 " Instituto de Investigaciones Fundamentales en Agricultura Tropical ‘Alejandro de Humboldt ’ (INIFAT) calle 1, esq. 2, Santiago de Las Vegas, C. Habana, Cuba # Unitat de Microbiologia, Facultat de Medicina i Cie[ ncies de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Tarragona, Spain
Arthrowallemia anam. gen. nov., characterized by holothallic conidiogenesis, secession randomly schizolytic, and cylindrical, septate, brown conidia emerging from conspicuous unbranched conidiophores, is described and illustrated. The type species, A. formosa sp. nov., was collected on unidentified decaying leaves in Cuba. Notes on similar genera are given.
Figs 1–11. Arthrowallemia formosa (INIFAT C95}88, holotype). Figs 1–7. Conidiophores. Note globose base in Figs 1–2, 4–6. Figs 8–11. Conidia with dark brown central cells. Bars, Figs 1–6 ¯ 30 µm, Figs 7–11 ¯ 10 µm.
R. F. Castan4 eda Ruı! z, D. Garcı! a and J. Guarro
17 colourless to black ; conidial secession schizolytic. Teleomorph unknown. Arthrowallemia formosa R. F. Castan4 eda, D. Garcı! a & Guarro, anam. sp. nov. (Figs 1–12) Etym. : from the Latin formosa ¯ beautiful. Coloniae effusae, pilosae, amphigenae, primo albae, tarde nigrae. Mycelium plerumque in substrato immersum, ex hyphis septatis, ramosis, laevibus, pallide brunneis, 1–2 µm latis, compositum. Conidiophora conspicua, mononematosa, erecta, recta, cylindrica supra, globosa ad basim, 0–3-septata, 28–400¬7–10±5 µm, laevia, primum hyalina, tarde pallidissime brunnea, interdum regenerata proliferationibus percurrentibus, non ramosa, sed raro proliferentia. Cellulae conidiogenae holothallicae, terminales, determinatae, in conidiophoris incorporatae. Conidia thallica–arthrica, catenata, formata disarticulatione hypharum fecundarum ad septa antea formata ; conidia cylindrica interdum spathulata, utrinque truncata et cicatricata, 0–3-septata, laevia, sicca, 20–52¬7–10±5 µm, bicoloria ; cellulis centralibus atro-brunneis usque nigris, et utrinque distalibus hyalinis, praedita ; secessio conidiorum schizolytica. Teleomorphosis ignota. Matrix : In foliis dejectis non determinatis, Santiago de las Vegas, Ciudad de la Habana, Cuba. Leg. : Dania Garcia, 25 Oct. 1995. Holotypus ; INIFAT C 95}88, Santiago de las Vegas, Cuba. Isotypus : MUCL 39876.
Fig. 12. Arthrowallemia formosa INIFAT (C95}88). Conidiophores, and conidia with schizolytic fragmentation. Bar, 10 µm.
During studies of microfungi from Cuba, an interesting hyphomycete was collected from decaying leaves of an unidentified plant. It showed remarkable differences from previously described hyphomycetes and is described as a new genus and species. Arthrowallemia R. F. Castan4 eda, D. Garcı! a & Guarro, anam. gen. nov. Etym. : L. arthro – thallic ; wallemia – name of a similar fungus. Ad fungos conidiales, hyphomycetes pertinens. Coloniae effusae, brunneae usque nigrae. Mycelium plerumque in substrato immersum. Conidiophora conspicua, mononemata, erecta, cylindrica, septata, laevia vel verrucosa, subhyalina usque brunnea, interdum regenerata, non-ramosa. Cellulae conidiogenae holothallicae, terminales, determinatae, in conidiophoris incorporatae. Conidia thallica–arthrica, catenata, formata disarticulatione hypharum fecundarum ad septa antea formata ; conidia cylindrica usque spathulata, subhyalina usque nigra ; secessio conidiorum schizolytica. Teleomorphosis ignota. Species typica : Arthrowallemia formosa, anam. sp. nov.
Conidial fungi, hyphomycetes. Colonies effuse, hairy, brown to black. Mycelium mostly immersed. Conidiophores macronematous, mononematous, erect, cylindrical, septate, smooth or verrucose, subhyaline to brown, sometimes with percurrent proliferations, unbranched. Conidiogenous cells holothallic, terminal, determinate, integrated. Conidia thallic–arthric, in unbranched chains, forming by disarticulation of the conidiogenous hyphae at the septa, cylindrical to spathulate, septate, smooth-walled or verrucose, almost
Colonies effuse, hairy, amphigenous, at first white, later black. Mycelium mostly immersed. Hyphae septate, branched, smooth-walled, pale brown, 1–2 µm wide. Conidiophores macronematous, mononematous, erect, straight, cylindrical above, globose at the base, 28–400¬7–10±5 µm, 0–3-septate, smooth, at first colourless, later pale brown, sometimes with percurrent proliferations, unbranched. Conidiogenous cells holothallic, terminal, determinate, integrated. Conidia thallic–arthric, in unbranched chains, formed by disarticulation of the conidiogenous hyphae at the septa, with schizolytic secession, conidia cylindrical, sometimes spathulate, truncated at the ends, slightly cicatrized, 0–3-septate, smooth-walled, dry, 20–52¬7–10±5 µm ; central cells dark brown to black, end cells colourless. Teleomorph unknown. Substrate : On decaying leaves of an unidentified plant, Santiago de las Vegas, Ciudad de la Habana, Cuba. Col. : Dania Garcia, 25 Oct. 1995. Holotype : INIFAT C 95}88, Santiago de las Vegas, Cuba. Isotype : MUCL 39876. Other specimen examined : MUCL 39882, on decaying leaves of unidentified plant, Santiago de las Vegas, Ciudad de la Habana, Cuba. Coll. : Dania Garcı! a, 25 Oct. 1995.
Arthrowallemia is close to some arthroconidial states of Basidiomycota (Sigler & Carmichael, 1976 ; Guarro et al., 1992 ; Abbot & Sigler, 1994 ; Gene! et al., 1996), but clamp connections have not been observed in A. formosa. Arthrowallemia also shows a slight resemblance to Wallemia Johan-Olson (Barron, 1968 ; Ellis, 1971 ; Cole & Samson, 1979) and Arthrocristula Sigler, M. T. Dunn & J. W. Carmich. (Sigler et al., 1982). Cole & Samson (1979) indicated that in Wallemia sebi (Fr.) Arx the fertile hyphae continue to elongate during conidium formation, and they considered the pattern of development blastic, the conidia maturing in basipetal succession by differentiation of a basauxically developing fertile hypha. In Arthrowallemia the fertile hyphae do not
Arthrowallemia elongate during the formation of the conidia, which originate by random schizolytic fragmentation of the fertile hyphae after growth stops : in other words the pattern of development is holothallic. Arthrocristula has conidia with similar shape and pigmentation to those of Arthrowallemia, but in the former the conidia are liberated rhexolytically. Other genera with thallic conidiogenesis and pigmented conidia similar to Arthrowallemia are Scytalidium Pesante (Ellis, 1971, 1976 ; Sigler & Carmichael, 1976) ; Bahusakala Subram. (Subramanian, 1958 ; Ellis 1971, 1976 ; Castan4 eda Ruiz, Guarro & Cano, 1996) and Arthropsis Sigler, M. T. Dunn & J. W. Carmich. (Sigler et al., 1982 ; Ulfig, Gene! & Guarro, 1995), which have undifferentiated conidiophores that are irregularly branched. We are indebted to Professor Bryce Kendrick for kindly reviewing the manuscript, and the Cuban Ministry of Agriculture for facilities. This work was supported in part by the Fundacio! Cie' ncia i Salut, Reus, Spain. REFERENCES Abbot, S. P. & Sigler, L. (1994). Filamentous basidiomycetes from clinical sources. In Proceedings of the 12th Congress of the International Society for Human and Animal Mycology, p. D133. Adelaide, Australia. (Accepted 24 March 1997)
18 Barron, G. L. (1968). The Genera of Hyphomycetes from Soil. Williams & Wilkins Co. : Baltimore. Castan4 eda Ruiz, R. F., Guarro, J. & Cano, J. (1996). Notes on conidial fungi. V. Two new dematiaceous Hyphomycetes from Cuba. Mycotaxon 57, 463–469. Cole, G. T. & Samson, R. A. (1979). Patterns of Development in Conidial Fungi. Pitman Publishing Limited : London. Ellis, M. B. (1971). Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes. Commonwealth Mycological Institute : Kew. Ellis, M. B. (1976). More Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes. Commonwealth Mycological Institute : Kew. Gene! , J., Guillamo! n, J. M., Guarro, J., Pujol, I. & Ulfig, K. (1996). Molecular characterization, relatedness and antifungal susceptibility of the basidiomycetous Hormographiella species and Coprinus cinereus from clinical and environmental sources. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 70 ; 49–57. Guarro, J., Gene! , J., de Vroey, Ch. & Gue! ho, E. (1992). Hormographiella, a new genus of hyphomycetes from clinical sources. Mycotaxon 45, 179–190. Sigler, L. & Carmichael, J. W. (1976). Taxonomy of Malbranchea and some other Hyphomycetes with arthroconidia. Mycotaxon 4, 349–388. Sigler, L., Dunn, M. T. & Carmichael, J. W. (1982). Arthrocristula and Arthropsis, two new Hyphomycetes with dematiaceous arthroconidia. Mycotaxon 15, 409–419. Subramanian, C. V. (1958). Hyphomycetes. V. Journal of the Indian Botanical Society 37, 47–64. Ulfig, K., Gene! , J. & Guarro, J. (1995). Studies on keratinophilic fungi. VI. A new Arthropsis (Fungi Imperfecti) from marine sediments. Mycotaxon 44, 281–286.
Printed in the United Kingdom
16
Arthrowallemia, a new genus of hyphomycetes from tropical litter
R. F. C A S T A NN E D A R U I; Z1, D. G A R C I; A A N D J. G U A R R O2 " Instituto de Investigaciones Fundamentales en Agricultura Tropical ‘Alejandro de Humboldt ’ (INIFAT) calle 1, esq. 2, Santiago de Las Vegas, C. Habana, Cuba # Unitat de Microbiologia, Facultat de Medicina i Cie[ ncies de la Salut, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Tarragona, Spain
Arthrowallemia anam. gen. nov., characterized by holothallic conidiogenesis, secession randomly schizolytic, and cylindrical, septate, brown conidia emerging from conspicuous unbranched conidiophores, is described and illustrated. The type species, A. formosa sp. nov., was collected on unidentified decaying leaves in Cuba. Notes on similar genera are given.
Figs 1–11. Arthrowallemia formosa (INIFAT C95}88, holotype). Figs 1–7. Conidiophores. Note globose base in Figs 1–2, 4–6. Figs 8–11. Conidia with dark brown central cells. Bars, Figs 1–6 ¯ 30 µm, Figs 7–11 ¯ 10 µm.
R. F. Castan4 eda Ruı! z, D. Garcı! a and J. Guarro
17 colourless to black ; conidial secession schizolytic. Teleomorph unknown. Arthrowallemia formosa R. F. Castan4 eda, D. Garcı! a & Guarro, anam. sp. nov. (Figs 1–12) Etym. : from the Latin formosa ¯ beautiful. Coloniae effusae, pilosae, amphigenae, primo albae, tarde nigrae. Mycelium plerumque in substrato immersum, ex hyphis septatis, ramosis, laevibus, pallide brunneis, 1–2 µm latis, compositum. Conidiophora conspicua, mononematosa, erecta, recta, cylindrica supra, globosa ad basim, 0–3-septata, 28–400¬7–10±5 µm, laevia, primum hyalina, tarde pallidissime brunnea, interdum regenerata proliferationibus percurrentibus, non ramosa, sed raro proliferentia. Cellulae conidiogenae holothallicae, terminales, determinatae, in conidiophoris incorporatae. Conidia thallica–arthrica, catenata, formata disarticulatione hypharum fecundarum ad septa antea formata ; conidia cylindrica interdum spathulata, utrinque truncata et cicatricata, 0–3-septata, laevia, sicca, 20–52¬7–10±5 µm, bicoloria ; cellulis centralibus atro-brunneis usque nigris, et utrinque distalibus hyalinis, praedita ; secessio conidiorum schizolytica. Teleomorphosis ignota. Matrix : In foliis dejectis non determinatis, Santiago de las Vegas, Ciudad de la Habana, Cuba. Leg. : Dania Garcia, 25 Oct. 1995. Holotypus ; INIFAT C 95}88, Santiago de las Vegas, Cuba. Isotypus : MUCL 39876.
Fig. 12. Arthrowallemia formosa INIFAT (C95}88). Conidiophores, and conidia with schizolytic fragmentation. Bar, 10 µm.
During studies of microfungi from Cuba, an interesting hyphomycete was collected from decaying leaves of an unidentified plant. It showed remarkable differences from previously described hyphomycetes and is described as a new genus and species. Arthrowallemia R. F. Castan4 eda, D. Garcı! a & Guarro, anam. gen. nov. Etym. : L. arthro – thallic ; wallemia – name of a similar fungus. Ad fungos conidiales, hyphomycetes pertinens. Coloniae effusae, brunneae usque nigrae. Mycelium plerumque in substrato immersum. Conidiophora conspicua, mononemata, erecta, cylindrica, septata, laevia vel verrucosa, subhyalina usque brunnea, interdum regenerata, non-ramosa. Cellulae conidiogenae holothallicae, terminales, determinatae, in conidiophoris incorporatae. Conidia thallica–arthrica, catenata, formata disarticulatione hypharum fecundarum ad septa antea formata ; conidia cylindrica usque spathulata, subhyalina usque nigra ; secessio conidiorum schizolytica. Teleomorphosis ignota. Species typica : Arthrowallemia formosa, anam. sp. nov.
Conidial fungi, hyphomycetes. Colonies effuse, hairy, brown to black. Mycelium mostly immersed. Conidiophores macronematous, mononematous, erect, cylindrical, septate, smooth or verrucose, subhyaline to brown, sometimes with percurrent proliferations, unbranched. Conidiogenous cells holothallic, terminal, determinate, integrated. Conidia thallic–arthric, in unbranched chains, forming by disarticulation of the conidiogenous hyphae at the septa, cylindrical to spathulate, septate, smooth-walled or verrucose, almost
Colonies effuse, hairy, amphigenous, at first white, later black. Mycelium mostly immersed. Hyphae septate, branched, smooth-walled, pale brown, 1–2 µm wide. Conidiophores macronematous, mononematous, erect, straight, cylindrical above, globose at the base, 28–400¬7–10±5 µm, 0–3-septate, smooth, at first colourless, later pale brown, sometimes with percurrent proliferations, unbranched. Conidiogenous cells holothallic, terminal, determinate, integrated. Conidia thallic–arthric, in unbranched chains, formed by disarticulation of the conidiogenous hyphae at the septa, with schizolytic secession, conidia cylindrical, sometimes spathulate, truncated at the ends, slightly cicatrized, 0–3-septate, smooth-walled, dry, 20–52¬7–10±5 µm ; central cells dark brown to black, end cells colourless. Teleomorph unknown. Substrate : On decaying leaves of an unidentified plant, Santiago de las Vegas, Ciudad de la Habana, Cuba. Col. : Dania Garcia, 25 Oct. 1995. Holotype : INIFAT C 95}88, Santiago de las Vegas, Cuba. Isotype : MUCL 39876. Other specimen examined : MUCL 39882, on decaying leaves of unidentified plant, Santiago de las Vegas, Ciudad de la Habana, Cuba. Coll. : Dania Garcı! a, 25 Oct. 1995.
Arthrowallemia is close to some arthroconidial states of Basidiomycota (Sigler & Carmichael, 1976 ; Guarro et al., 1992 ; Abbot & Sigler, 1994 ; Gene! et al., 1996), but clamp connections have not been observed in A. formosa. Arthrowallemia also shows a slight resemblance to Wallemia Johan-Olson (Barron, 1968 ; Ellis, 1971 ; Cole & Samson, 1979) and Arthrocristula Sigler, M. T. Dunn & J. W. Carmich. (Sigler et al., 1982). Cole & Samson (1979) indicated that in Wallemia sebi (Fr.) Arx the fertile hyphae continue to elongate during conidium formation, and they considered the pattern of development blastic, the conidia maturing in basipetal succession by differentiation of a basauxically developing fertile hypha. In Arthrowallemia the fertile hyphae do not
Arthrowallemia elongate during the formation of the conidia, which originate by random schizolytic fragmentation of the fertile hyphae after growth stops : in other words the pattern of development is holothallic. Arthrocristula has conidia with similar shape and pigmentation to those of Arthrowallemia, but in the former the conidia are liberated rhexolytically. Other genera with thallic conidiogenesis and pigmented conidia similar to Arthrowallemia are Scytalidium Pesante (Ellis, 1971, 1976 ; Sigler & Carmichael, 1976) ; Bahusakala Subram. (Subramanian, 1958 ; Ellis 1971, 1976 ; Castan4 eda Ruiz, Guarro & Cano, 1996) and Arthropsis Sigler, M. T. Dunn & J. W. Carmich. (Sigler et al., 1982 ; Ulfig, Gene! & Guarro, 1995), which have undifferentiated conidiophores that are irregularly branched. We are indebted to Professor Bryce Kendrick for kindly reviewing the manuscript, and the Cuban Ministry of Agriculture for facilities. This work was supported in part by the Fundacio! Cie' ncia i Salut, Reus, Spain. REFERENCES Abbot, S. P. & Sigler, L. (1994). Filamentous basidiomycetes from clinical sources. In Proceedings of the 12th Congress of the International Society for Human and Animal Mycology, p. D133. Adelaide, Australia. (Accepted 24 March 1997)
18 Barron, G. L. (1968). The Genera of Hyphomycetes from Soil. Williams & Wilkins Co. : Baltimore. Castan4 eda Ruiz, R. F., Guarro, J. & Cano, J. (1996). Notes on conidial fungi. V. Two new dematiaceous Hyphomycetes from Cuba. Mycotaxon 57, 463–469. Cole, G. T. & Samson, R. A. (1979). Patterns of Development in Conidial Fungi. Pitman Publishing Limited : London. Ellis, M. B. (1971). Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes. Commonwealth Mycological Institute : Kew. Ellis, M. B. (1976). More Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes. Commonwealth Mycological Institute : Kew. Gene! , J., Guillamo! n, J. M., Guarro, J., Pujol, I. & Ulfig, K. (1996). Molecular characterization, relatedness and antifungal susceptibility of the basidiomycetous Hormographiella species and Coprinus cinereus from clinical and environmental sources. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 70 ; 49–57. Guarro, J., Gene! , J., de Vroey, Ch. & Gue! ho, E. (1992). Hormographiella, a new genus of hyphomycetes from clinical sources. Mycotaxon 45, 179–190. Sigler, L. & Carmichael, J. W. (1976). Taxonomy of Malbranchea and some other Hyphomycetes with arthroconidia. Mycotaxon 4, 349–388. Sigler, L., Dunn, M. T. & Carmichael, J. W. (1982). Arthrocristula and Arthropsis, two new Hyphomycetes with dematiaceous arthroconidia. Mycotaxon 15, 409–419. Subramanian, C. V. (1958). Hyphomycetes. V. Journal of the Indian Botanical Society 37, 47–64. Ulfig, K., Gene! , J. & Guarro, J. (1995). Studies on keratinophilic fungi. VI. A new Arthropsis (Fungi Imperfecti) from marine sediments. Mycotaxon 44, 281–286.