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Aspects of the acoustic emission method in application to the diagnostic inspection of welded pipelines
NDT Abstracts number of Companies as a primary inspection tool for the inspection of welded structures, replacing MPI and dye penetrant for some applications. ‘fhis paper describes the ACFM technique and a series of weld inspection applications covering general weld inspection through to advanced systems for use in space, deployed by a,stronauts.
56138
57217 Nuding, W.; Link, I?.; Sauerwein, C.; Schro&r, P.; Wiacker, H.; Schroder, G. TIC welding recovery and high resolution on-line x-ray
Acoustic emission (AE) technology for continuous surveillance of a reactor component(s) to detect crack initiation and/or crack growth has been developed. A flaw indication was identified during normal inservice inspection of piping at Philadelphia Electric Company (PECO) reactor during the 1989 refueling outage. Evaluation of the flaw indication showed that it could remain in place during the subsequent fuel cycle without compromising safety. The existence of the flaw indication allowed validation surveillance to detect and evaluate crack growth during reactor operation.
inspection of turbine blades 6th European Conference on Non Destructive Testing, Nice (France), 24- 28 Oct. 1994. Vol. 1. pp. 683-684. ECNDT (1994) The paper describes the development of a prototype of an integrated inspection and repair station for turbine blades. The defects are detected using high resolution realtime radioscopy. For this purpose an inspection system consisting of an x-ray device, a real-time radioscopic system with 1024 x 1024 pixels and a manipulator has been built up. To guarantee reproducible conditions during the inspection a special, water-cooled high-capacity tube head for the microfocus x-ray tube. had to be developed. The X-ray inspection is also executed remotely controlled and the results are displayed on a television monitor, while the evaluation is done by a human inspector. A detected defect is marked and the image processing computer calculates it’s position in the object and it’s size. The coordinates of the defect are used for the automated repair by a welding robot, which has been developed by the other partners in this project. 57053
56129
AE features at various stages of welded joint corrosion cracking were studied. It was determined that the maximum amplitude of AE events is found at the initial stage of fracture. A complex parameter equal to the product of the maximum amplitude of AE events and its duration was proposed for solving the task of identification of welded joint corrosion cracking stages by the AE method.
Yeh. J.C.; Enneking, J.A.; Tsai, C.L.
55694
Dai, S-H
The methodology for the assessment of the safety of pressurized components containing welding defects and the related expert system International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping, Vol. 60, No. 2, pp. 127-132 (1994)
weld defect, were tested under ian incremental uniaxial tensile load while monitoring the AE generated from the defect area. Our initial effort was concentrated on identification of AE characteristics of 2219AL alloy and weld to assess whether direct correlation can be established between AE energy counts and fracture mechanics parameters including stress intensity factor and strain energy release rate. Additional effort was also directed to understanding of AE signal characteristics and related fracture behaviors of a weld defect when it is subject to loading such as that of a typical mission flight.
A structural parameter for characterizing the grade of welding defect damage is defined. The fuzzy fatigue diagram drawn by using data from fatigue tests has been considered as the basis for evaluating the probability of failure and the welding defect fatigue damage. The methodology for the safety assessment of pressurized components containing welding defects in loading based on the theory of fuzzy sets for treatment of imprecisions and uncertainties is proposed. An expert system aided assessment of welded destructive defects has been built by using Turbo-Prolog language.
Krautkraemer GMBH & Co
55663 Ship, V.V.; Muravin, G.B.; Chaburkin, V.F. Aspects of the acoustic emission method in application to the diagnostic inspection of welded pipelines Russian Journal of Nondestructive Testing, Vol. 29, No. 8, pp.
Ultrasonic testing device for weld seams uses mirrorsymmetrical supports each carrying several acoustic test heads at differing angles to weld seam (Ger) Patent Cooperation Treaty No. WO9,419,686 (1 Sep 1994) 57021
Nedoseka, A.Y.; Fomichev. S.K.; Veligin, V.A.
Evaluation of stages of corrosion cracking of welded joints in low- carbon steels by the acoustic emission method Technical Diagnostics and Nondestructive Testing, Vol. 5, No. 3, pp. 166-168 (Jul.Sep. 1993)
Study of acoustic emi&on characteristics for fracture assessment of structural weldment Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestruction Evaluation, Brunswick, Maine (United States), l-6 Aug. 1993. Vol. 13A, pp. 477- 484. Edited by D.O. Thompson and D.E. Chimenti. Plenum Press (1994) ISBN 0-306-44’73 I-2 In this study, dog bone-shaped specimens, with built-in fatigue crack or
57033
Hutton, P.H.; Friesel, MA.; Dawson, J.F.
Continuous AE crack monitoring of a dissimilar metal weldment at Limerick Unit 1 Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Richland, Washington (United States), NUREGKR-5963/GAR. 98pp. (Dec. 1993)
577-582 (Apr. 1994) The failure statistics of welded pipelines is analyzed. It is shown that weld flaws often induce failures in gas lines during testing and in actual service. It is established that the highest-risk factors leading to malfunction and complete failure of pipelines are cracklike flaws in the base metal and welded seams and corrosion damage to the pipe. The methodological principles of acoustic emission diagnostic monitoring of crack growth in welded pipelines are formulated, based on the plotting of regions of reliable identification of crack formation against the background of corrosion and plastic deformation processes in zones containing volume defects.
Isenherg, H.H.; Vogt, G.; Althaus, P.G.
Process and device for the ultrasonic testing for welds between
plastics U.S. Patent No. 5,359,895 (1 Nov. 1994) A heat sealed joint between a plastic package (for ready-to-eat meals and a cover film is ultrasonically tested. A package and transmitter are moved relative to each other along the whole joint. Pulse are supplied which overlap each other on the joint. Defective packages are deflected.
56308 Wincheski, B.; F&ton, J.; Nath, S.; Simpson, J.; Namkung, M.
55348
Detection of cracks at welds in steel tubing using flux focusing electromagnetic probe ASNT 1994 Fall Conference and Quality Testing Show, Atlanta, Georgia (United States), 19-23 Sep. 1994. pp. 105-107. ASNT
Wade Edens, C.
Coiled tubing: early warning system to detect flaws in flat sheet prior to rolling and welding Materials Evaluation, Vol. 52, No. 5, pp. 582-584 (May 1994) Through experimentation and dynamic evaluation of skelp at a coiled tubing mill, the use of leakage flux solid state sensing devices shows clearly that the requirement for nondestructively testing skelp can be met.
(1994) ISBN 1- 57117-002-2 The Flux Focusing Electromagnetic Flaw Detector, has been adapted for use in testing steel tubing for longitudinal fatigue cracks. The modified design allows for the probe to be placed axisymmetrically into the tubing, inducing eddy currents in the tube wall. The magnetic flux of the primary coil is focused through the use of ferromagnetic material so that in the absence of fatigue damage there will be not flux linkage with the pickup coil. The presence of a longitudinal fatigue crack will cause the eddy currents induced in the tube wall to flow around the flaw and directly under the pickup coil. The use of the flux focusing electromagnetic probe is especially suited for the detection of flaws originating at or near tube welds. The probe is shown to discriminate against signals due solely to the weld joint so that flaw signals are not hidden in the background in these locations. Experimental and finite element modeling results are presented for the flaw detection capabilities of the probe in stainless steel tubes.
55188
Anon
Residual stress measurements on alloy 600 pressurizer nozzle and heater sleeve weld mockups Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, California (United States), TR- 103 104, 128~~. (Dec. 1993) Alloy 600 nozzles and heater sleeves in some PWR pressurizers have experienced primary water stress corrosion cracking. This EPRI study showed that the cracking was associated with high tensile residual stresses produced on the inner surfaces of Alloy 600 penetrations as a consequence of welding. Once cracks have initiated, subsurface residual stresses drive crack growth.
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56138
57217 Nuding, W.; Link, I?.; Sauerwein, C.; Schro&r, P.; Wiacker, H.; Schroder, G. TIC welding recovery and high resolution on-line x-ray
Acoustic emission (AE) technology for continuous surveillance of a reactor component(s) to detect crack initiation and/or crack growth has been developed. A flaw indication was identified during normal inservice inspection of piping at Philadelphia Electric Company (PECO) reactor during the 1989 refueling outage. Evaluation of the flaw indication showed that it could remain in place during the subsequent fuel cycle without compromising safety. The existence of the flaw indication allowed validation surveillance to detect and evaluate crack growth during reactor operation.
inspection of turbine blades 6th European Conference on Non Destructive Testing, Nice (France), 24- 28 Oct. 1994. Vol. 1. pp. 683-684. ECNDT (1994) The paper describes the development of a prototype of an integrated inspection and repair station for turbine blades. The defects are detected using high resolution realtime radioscopy. For this purpose an inspection system consisting of an x-ray device, a real-time radioscopic system with 1024 x 1024 pixels and a manipulator has been built up. To guarantee reproducible conditions during the inspection a special, water-cooled high-capacity tube head for the microfocus x-ray tube. had to be developed. The X-ray inspection is also executed remotely controlled and the results are displayed on a television monitor, while the evaluation is done by a human inspector. A detected defect is marked and the image processing computer calculates it’s position in the object and it’s size. The coordinates of the defect are used for the automated repair by a welding robot, which has been developed by the other partners in this project. 57053
56129
AE features at various stages of welded joint corrosion cracking were studied. It was determined that the maximum amplitude of AE events is found at the initial stage of fracture. A complex parameter equal to the product of the maximum amplitude of AE events and its duration was proposed for solving the task of identification of welded joint corrosion cracking stages by the AE method.
Yeh. J.C.; Enneking, J.A.; Tsai, C.L.
55694
Dai, S-H
The methodology for the assessment of the safety of pressurized components containing welding defects and the related expert system International Journal of Pressure Vessels and Piping, Vol. 60, No. 2, pp. 127-132 (1994)
weld defect, were tested under ian incremental uniaxial tensile load while monitoring the AE generated from the defect area. Our initial effort was concentrated on identification of AE characteristics of 2219AL alloy and weld to assess whether direct correlation can be established between AE energy counts and fracture mechanics parameters including stress intensity factor and strain energy release rate. Additional effort was also directed to understanding of AE signal characteristics and related fracture behaviors of a weld defect when it is subject to loading such as that of a typical mission flight.
A structural parameter for characterizing the grade of welding defect damage is defined. The fuzzy fatigue diagram drawn by using data from fatigue tests has been considered as the basis for evaluating the probability of failure and the welding defect fatigue damage. The methodology for the safety assessment of pressurized components containing welding defects in loading based on the theory of fuzzy sets for treatment of imprecisions and uncertainties is proposed. An expert system aided assessment of welded destructive defects has been built by using Turbo-Prolog language.
Krautkraemer GMBH & Co
55663 Ship, V.V.; Muravin, G.B.; Chaburkin, V.F. Aspects of the acoustic emission method in application to the diagnostic inspection of welded pipelines Russian Journal of Nondestructive Testing, Vol. 29, No. 8, pp.
Ultrasonic testing device for weld seams uses mirrorsymmetrical supports each carrying several acoustic test heads at differing angles to weld seam (Ger) Patent Cooperation Treaty No. WO9,419,686 (1 Sep 1994) 57021
Nedoseka, A.Y.; Fomichev. S.K.; Veligin, V.A.
Evaluation of stages of corrosion cracking of welded joints in low- carbon steels by the acoustic emission method Technical Diagnostics and Nondestructive Testing, Vol. 5, No. 3, pp. 166-168 (Jul.Sep. 1993)
Study of acoustic emi&on characteristics for fracture assessment of structural weldment Review of Progress in Quantitative Nondestruction Evaluation, Brunswick, Maine (United States), l-6 Aug. 1993. Vol. 13A, pp. 477- 484. Edited by D.O. Thompson and D.E. Chimenti. Plenum Press (1994) ISBN 0-306-44’73 I-2 In this study, dog bone-shaped specimens, with built-in fatigue crack or
57033
Hutton, P.H.; Friesel, MA.; Dawson, J.F.
Continuous AE crack monitoring of a dissimilar metal weldment at Limerick Unit 1 Battelle Pacific Northwest Labs., Richland, Washington (United States), NUREGKR-5963/GAR. 98pp. (Dec. 1993)
577-582 (Apr. 1994) The failure statistics of welded pipelines is analyzed. It is shown that weld flaws often induce failures in gas lines during testing and in actual service. It is established that the highest-risk factors leading to malfunction and complete failure of pipelines are cracklike flaws in the base metal and welded seams and corrosion damage to the pipe. The methodological principles of acoustic emission diagnostic monitoring of crack growth in welded pipelines are formulated, based on the plotting of regions of reliable identification of crack formation against the background of corrosion and plastic deformation processes in zones containing volume defects.
Isenherg, H.H.; Vogt, G.; Althaus, P.G.
Process and device for the ultrasonic testing for welds between
plastics U.S. Patent No. 5,359,895 (1 Nov. 1994) A heat sealed joint between a plastic package (for ready-to-eat meals and a cover film is ultrasonically tested. A package and transmitter are moved relative to each other along the whole joint. Pulse are supplied which overlap each other on the joint. Defective packages are deflected.
56308 Wincheski, B.; F&ton, J.; Nath, S.; Simpson, J.; Namkung, M.
55348
Detection of cracks at welds in steel tubing using flux focusing electromagnetic probe ASNT 1994 Fall Conference and Quality Testing Show, Atlanta, Georgia (United States), 19-23 Sep. 1994. pp. 105-107. ASNT
Wade Edens, C.
Coiled tubing: early warning system to detect flaws in flat sheet prior to rolling and welding Materials Evaluation, Vol. 52, No. 5, pp. 582-584 (May 1994) Through experimentation and dynamic evaluation of skelp at a coiled tubing mill, the use of leakage flux solid state sensing devices shows clearly that the requirement for nondestructively testing skelp can be met.
(1994) ISBN 1- 57117-002-2 The Flux Focusing Electromagnetic Flaw Detector, has been adapted for use in testing steel tubing for longitudinal fatigue cracks. The modified design allows for the probe to be placed axisymmetrically into the tubing, inducing eddy currents in the tube wall. The magnetic flux of the primary coil is focused through the use of ferromagnetic material so that in the absence of fatigue damage there will be not flux linkage with the pickup coil. The presence of a longitudinal fatigue crack will cause the eddy currents induced in the tube wall to flow around the flaw and directly under the pickup coil. The use of the flux focusing electromagnetic probe is especially suited for the detection of flaws originating at or near tube welds. The probe is shown to discriminate against signals due solely to the weld joint so that flaw signals are not hidden in the background in these locations. Experimental and finite element modeling results are presented for the flaw detection capabilities of the probe in stainless steel tubes.
55188
Anon
Residual stress measurements on alloy 600 pressurizer nozzle and heater sleeve weld mockups Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, California (United States), TR- 103 104, 128~~. (Dec. 1993) Alloy 600 nozzles and heater sleeves in some PWR pressurizers have experienced primary water stress corrosion cracking. This EPRI study showed that the cracking was associated with high tensile residual stresses produced on the inner surfaces of Alloy 600 penetrations as a consequence of welding. Once cracks have initiated, subsurface residual stresses drive crack growth.
121