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Assessment of exposure to the population of Moscow from natural sources of radiation
International Congress Series 1276 (2005) 356 – 357
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Assessment of exposure to the population of Moscow from natural sources of radiation A.M. Marennya, S.M. Shinkarevb,c,*, A.V. Penezeva, A.V. Frolovaa, Yu.A. Morozovd, S.E. Okhrimenkoe, M.N. Savkinb, M. Hoshic a
Research Center of Spacecraft Radiation Safety, Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russia b State Research Center–Institute of Biophysics, Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russia c International Radiation Information Center, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan d Ltd. bMoscow Committee on Science and TechnologyQ, Moscow, Russia e Center of State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision, Moscow, Russia
Abstract. A model has been developed to assess exposure to the residents of Moscow, Russia from external (cosmic rays and terrestrial gamma rays) and radon exposures. This model accounts for different factors (demographic, social, materials of buildings, etc.) affecting the exposures considered and is based on contemporary measurement data. Ten administrative districts of Moscow were considered separately with respect to both external and internal exposures to the residents. The population-weighted average radon concentration in dwellings in Moscow, determined on the basis of the results of indoor surveys, is estimated to be about 82 Bq m 3. Current estimates of annual collective effective doses to the residents in Moscow city (8,638,100 people) are (1) 6300 man Sv with a 68% confidence interval of 5900–7300 man Sv from external gamma-exposure and (2) 12,000 man Sv with a 68% confidence interval of 8000–16,000 man Sv from radon. The annual per caput effective dose is estimated to be 0.73 mSv from external gamma-exposure and about 1.4 mSv from radon. About 4300 people (0.05% of total) receive an annual effective dose from radon above 5 mSv. D 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Natural radiation; Radon; Model; Collective effective dose; Moscow
1. Introduction The first purpose of this paper is to indicate the methods used to assess exposure to the population in Moscow, Russia from external (cosmic rays and terrestrial gamma rays) and * Corresponding author. State Research Center—Institute of Biophysics, Zhivopisnaya 46, Moscow 123182, Russia. Tel.: +7 95 190 9687; fax: +7 95 190 3590. E-mail address: [email protected] (S.M. Shinkarev). 0531-5131/ D 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.ics.2004.10.020
A.M. Marenny et al. / International Congress Series 1276 (2005) 356–357
357
radon exposures. Then, dose estimates based on currently available information are presented. Data collection is continuing, and the results will be updated at a later time. 2. Materials and methods A model developed has two independent parts related to estimation of exposure to the population of Moscow from (1) external (cosmic rays and terrestrial gamma rays) and (2) radon exposures. This model is based on the general approaches described in UNSCEAR 2000 Report [1]. The model accounts for different factors (demographic, social, materials of buildings, etc.) affecting the exposures considered. Ten administrative districts of Moscow were considered separately. With respect to exposure of the residents to radon, the population was further subdivided to form population subgroups with similar exposure conditions. The following factors were considered: (a) radon-hazard category according to the radio-geochemical survey results; (b) floor of living in a residential building; (c) type of building materials; (d) number of floors in a building; (e) whether the year of building construction was before 1997; (f ) peculiarity of ventilation rates; and (g) floor of the buildings where people work, study, etc. It was assumed that the distribution of indoor radon concentration in each group is satisfactorily fitted by a lognormal curve. Values of the parameters of a lognormal curve for each group were derived from the measurements. If no data were available for the groups considered, they were merged to a larger group, trying to form such a group more or less homogeneous with respect to radon exposure. Contemporary direct measurements of outdoor and indoor dose rates in air were used to estimate the external doses. Indoor radon concentrations, measured using the integral track method, were used to estimate the radon doses. 3. Results and discussion The population-weighted average radon concentration in dwellings in Moscow, determined using the indoor survey data, is estimated to be about 82 Bq m 3. Current estimates of annual collective effective doses to the residents in Moscow city (8,638,100 people) are (1) 6300 man Sv with a 68% confidence interval of 5900–7300 man Sv from external gamma-exposure and (2) 12,100 man Sv with a 68% confidence interval of 8000– 16,000 man Sv from radon, assuming the value of dose conversion factor is equal to 6.1 nSv (Bq h m 3) 1 [2]. The annual per caput effective dose is estimated to be 0.73 mSv from external gamma-exposure and about 1.4 mSv from radon. The current data suggest that about 4300 people (0.05% of total) receive annual doses from radon that exceed 5 mSv. By the present time, a limited number of measurements (824) of radon concentration in dwellings has been carried out and used to estimate the radon doses. So, the current assessment of exposure to the residents of Moscow from radon is the subject to change. This work is in progress. References [1] UNSCEAR, United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation, Sources and Effects of Atomic Radiation. Report to the General Assembly, Sources. Annex B. Exposures from Natural Sources of Radiation, vol. 1, United Nations, New York, 2000. [2] ICRP Publication 65, International Commission on Radiological Protection. Protection against radon-222 at home and at work, Annals of ICRP, vol. 22(2), Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1993.
www.ics-elsevier.com
Assessment of exposure to the population of Moscow from natural sources of radiation A.M. Marennya, S.M. Shinkarevb,c,*, A.V. Penezeva, A.V. Frolovaa, Yu.A. Morozovd, S.E. Okhrimenkoe, M.N. Savkinb, M. Hoshic a
Research Center of Spacecraft Radiation Safety, Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russia b State Research Center–Institute of Biophysics, Ministry of Health, Moscow, Russia c International Radiation Information Center, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan d Ltd. bMoscow Committee on Science and TechnologyQ, Moscow, Russia e Center of State Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision, Moscow, Russia
Abstract. A model has been developed to assess exposure to the residents of Moscow, Russia from external (cosmic rays and terrestrial gamma rays) and radon exposures. This model accounts for different factors (demographic, social, materials of buildings, etc.) affecting the exposures considered and is based on contemporary measurement data. Ten administrative districts of Moscow were considered separately with respect to both external and internal exposures to the residents. The population-weighted average radon concentration in dwellings in Moscow, determined on the basis of the results of indoor surveys, is estimated to be about 82 Bq m 3. Current estimates of annual collective effective doses to the residents in Moscow city (8,638,100 people) are (1) 6300 man Sv with a 68% confidence interval of 5900–7300 man Sv from external gamma-exposure and (2) 12,000 man Sv with a 68% confidence interval of 8000–16,000 man Sv from radon. The annual per caput effective dose is estimated to be 0.73 mSv from external gamma-exposure and about 1.4 mSv from radon. About 4300 people (0.05% of total) receive an annual effective dose from radon above 5 mSv. D 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Keywords: Natural radiation; Radon; Model; Collective effective dose; Moscow
1. Introduction The first purpose of this paper is to indicate the methods used to assess exposure to the population in Moscow, Russia from external (cosmic rays and terrestrial gamma rays) and * Corresponding author. State Research Center—Institute of Biophysics, Zhivopisnaya 46, Moscow 123182, Russia. Tel.: +7 95 190 9687; fax: +7 95 190 3590. E-mail address: [email protected] (S.M. Shinkarev). 0531-5131/ D 2004 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.ics.2004.10.020
A.M. Marenny et al. / International Congress Series 1276 (2005) 356–357
357
radon exposures. Then, dose estimates based on currently available information are presented. Data collection is continuing, and the results will be updated at a later time. 2. Materials and methods A model developed has two independent parts related to estimation of exposure to the population of Moscow from (1) external (cosmic rays and terrestrial gamma rays) and (2) radon exposures. This model is based on the general approaches described in UNSCEAR 2000 Report [1]. The model accounts for different factors (demographic, social, materials of buildings, etc.) affecting the exposures considered. Ten administrative districts of Moscow were considered separately. With respect to exposure of the residents to radon, the population was further subdivided to form population subgroups with similar exposure conditions. The following factors were considered: (a) radon-hazard category according to the radio-geochemical survey results; (b) floor of living in a residential building; (c) type of building materials; (d) number of floors in a building; (e) whether the year of building construction was before 1997; (f ) peculiarity of ventilation rates; and (g) floor of the buildings where people work, study, etc. It was assumed that the distribution of indoor radon concentration in each group is satisfactorily fitted by a lognormal curve. Values of the parameters of a lognormal curve for each group were derived from the measurements. If no data were available for the groups considered, they were merged to a larger group, trying to form such a group more or less homogeneous with respect to radon exposure. Contemporary direct measurements of outdoor and indoor dose rates in air were used to estimate the external doses. Indoor radon concentrations, measured using the integral track method, were used to estimate the radon doses. 3. Results and discussion The population-weighted average radon concentration in dwellings in Moscow, determined using the indoor survey data, is estimated to be about 82 Bq m 3. Current estimates of annual collective effective doses to the residents in Moscow city (8,638,100 people) are (1) 6300 man Sv with a 68% confidence interval of 5900–7300 man Sv from external gamma-exposure and (2) 12,100 man Sv with a 68% confidence interval of 8000– 16,000 man Sv from radon, assuming the value of dose conversion factor is equal to 6.1 nSv (Bq h m 3) 1 [2]. The annual per caput effective dose is estimated to be 0.73 mSv from external gamma-exposure and about 1.4 mSv from radon. The current data suggest that about 4300 people (0.05% of total) receive annual doses from radon that exceed 5 mSv. By the present time, a limited number of measurements (824) of radon concentration in dwellings has been carried out and used to estimate the radon doses. So, the current assessment of exposure to the residents of Moscow from radon is the subject to change. This work is in progress. References [1] UNSCEAR, United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation, Sources and Effects of Atomic Radiation. Report to the General Assembly, Sources. Annex B. Exposures from Natural Sources of Radiation, vol. 1, United Nations, New York, 2000. [2] ICRP Publication 65, International Commission on Radiological Protection. Protection against radon-222 at home and at work, Annals of ICRP, vol. 22(2), Pergamon Press, Oxford, 1993.