Assessment Of Knowledge, Attitude And Practice (Kap) Of Pharmacist Regarding Adverse Drug Reaction (Adrs) And Pharmacovigilance In Public Hospitals Quetta

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period between 2010-2014 was included into the nationwide analysis.  Results: The number of specialized home care rounds accounted for the values of 50441 (2010) and 63820 (2014). The rate of the number of patients amounted to approximately 55% and 45% regarding specialized care and physiotherapy services. Within physiotherapy services, the number of patients was the highest in physiotherapy opposite to electrotherapy and speech therapy- min. 22918 patients (83.62%) in 2010 and 31217 patients (88.55%) in 2014.  Conclusions: Coming from the number of patients, we can conclude that the demand for home care is constantly increasing in which physiotherapy would require more support. PHP258 Health Risk Of Drugs And Its Impact On Patient Adherence To Medical Treatment Masarykova L, Lehocka L, Olearova A, Buszekova B Comenius University in Bratislava, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bratislava, Slovakia

Objectives: Patient adherence is a  basic determinant of any successful treatment.  Medication non-adherence is a  serious problem influencing not only a patient, but also healthcare systems. The main aim of research was to obtain information about the impact of drug risk, associated with the occurrence of drugrelated problems (mainly adverse drug reactions), on patient adherence to drug treatment.  Methods: By a questionnaire survey and applying statistical methods, it was found how the occurrence of adverse drug reactions and patient information leaflet about adverse drug reactions could contribute to patient adherence to drug treatment.  Results: In total, 215 respondents were included. There were 69.3% of females and 30.7% of males. According to age, the biggest group of respondents consisted of those aged from 51 to 60 (24%). The most common chronical disease was hypertension followed by osteoporosis and some other diseases, such as gastrointestinal diseases, polyneuropathy and rheumatic diseases. The first question of the questionnaire was about adverse drug reactions after taking medications, which experienced 55.3% of the respondents. And 86.3% of the respondents took their prescribed medications following recommended treatment regimens. Mostly, pharmacists or GPs provided information about that (38.6%). Taking prescribed medications at the wrong time confessed 60.5% of the respondents. The information on adverse drug reactions in written form discouraged 31.6% of the respondents from taking medications. The most common reason to non-adherence, or better to say, to quit taking prescribed medications was the awareness of ADRs (44%).  Conclusions: The research shows that the risk of drugs associated with potential drug-related problems (mainly adverse drug reactions) contributes significantly to patient poor adherence to drug treatment, according to 44% of the respondents. It is a lot and can be enhanced by providing more information on ADRs for patients by pharmacists or general practitioners. PHP259 Tasks Involved In Platelet Production And Transfusion From The U.S. Hospital Perspective: Two Process Frameworks Prioli KM, Lyons NM, Pizzi LT Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA

Objectives: Platelet production (PP) and transfusion are complex processes, largely due to pathogen testing. Pathogen reduction (PR) is a new technology that has the potential to improve PP efficiency by simplifying these processes. Objectives of this project were to 1) develop frameworks detailing tasks involved in each process: one from the hospital blood donor center (BDC) perspective describing PP tasks, and the other from the hospital transfusion service (TS) detailing tasks for platelet procuring and administration (PA); and 2) assess the impact of PR on these processes.  Methods: Identification of tasks involved in producing and procuring conventional (non-PR) platelets was informed through literature review and discussion with clinical experts. Major tasks were identified in both processes, along with possible branching of pathways within each process. The frequency of tasks was assessed for conventional vs. PR PP, with categorization by type to identify which task groupings were major contributors to the complexity of the process.  Results: Major PP tasks include apheresis donation, processing, bacterial culturing, infectious disease testing, storage, shipping to hospital, and returns. PP comprises 14 tasks with conventional platelets vs. 12 tasks with PR platelets. Major PA tasks include receipt of shipment, storage, point-of-issue (POI) bacterial testing, physician ordering, administration to patient, and adverse event (AE) management. PA comprises 15 tasks with conventional platelets vs. 13 tasks with PR platelets. POI is task-intensive, requiring up to 6 additional steps per test repeated every 24 hours, ranging from 2-6 tests/platelet unit depending on platelet age. Noninfectious AE tasks are similar for both conventional vs PR however infectious AE are expected to be reduced or eliminated with PR.  Conclusions: The PP frameworks can be used in hospital operations research to simplify and improve PP efficiency. PR platelets represent a means of reducing tasks, and potentially costs, of producing and administering platelets.

PHP260 Automation Of Hospital Medication Distribution Systems In The Us Badawoud EM1, Seoane-Vazquez E1, Alhamdan HS2, Jacobson S1 University, Boston, MA, USA, 2King Abdulaziz Medical City, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

1MCPHS

Objectives: To describe trends in the utilization of medication distribution automation systems in hospital pharmacies in the US in the period 1975-2011 To describe trends in the number of studies assessing the costs and benefits associated with the automation of medication distribution systems published in journal articles in the period 1975-2011.  Methods: Data were collected from the American Society of Health-System Pharmacists (ASHP) national surveys of pharmacy practice in hospital settings. A systematic review identified published studies assessing the cost and benefits associated with the utilization of medication

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distribution automation systems. We used descriptive analysis to present trends in the utilization of automation in medication distribution systems in the US hospitals using the information derived from the ASHP surveys. Descriptive analysis was also used to describe the trends in the quantity and quality of the economic studies published in journal articles. We also assessed the correlation between the number of studies published in the economic literature about medication distribution automation technologies and the percentage of the hospitals reporting the use of each technology.  Results: At the end of 1990, the majority of hospitals used unit dose dispensing with the assistance of computerized systems. In the 2000s, hospitals started to use decentralized distribution technologies and robotics for supporting medication dispensing activities. The implementation of new pharmacy technologies in the hospital was not preceded by the publication of peer-reviewed journal articles confirming the benefits and associated costs of the technologies.  Conclusions: US hospitals have experienced important changes in their drug distribution systems that have affected the dispensing of drugs. There is a need for better evidence of the costs and benefits of new technologies used in hospital drug distribution systems that could be used to inform decisions about the implementation of those technologies. PHP261 Assessment Of Knowledge, Attitude And Practice (Kap) Of Pharmacist Regarding Adverse Drug Reaction (Adrs) And Pharmacovigilance In Public Hospitals Quetta Anwer M, Haq N, Nasim A University of Balochistan, Quetta, Pakistan

Objectives: To assess the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of Pharmacist regarding adverse drug reaction (ADRs) and pharmacovigilance in public hospitals Quetta.  Methods: A cross sectional and questionnaire- based study design was used among the professional pharmacists in seven public hospitals of Quetta city, who were performing their duties in hospital as pharmacist and chief pharmacist. A total of 26 questionnaires were present in survey comprised of (knowledge 7, Attitude 10, practice 9) for the assessment of pharmacists (KAP). A total of 140 questionnaires were distributed to the pharmacists. The completion of the questionnaire by pharmacist was taken as their consent to participate in the study. 127 pharmacists filled and returned the questionnaires at given time.  Results: The results of knowledge, attitude and practice about pharmacovigilance and ADR reporting system were very promising. Based on majority of respondents were male dominated (n=  89(70.1%). Majority of participants (n=  68 (53.5%) having age ranges between 24 – 34 years and experience group (n=  62(50%) between 4-7 years. having Current position (n=  123(96.9%) were hospital pharmacist. Overall knowledge score of all the responding professional pharmacists (127), about two thirds 85 (69.9%) of the respondents had poor knowledge on the pharmacovigilance and ADR reporting system, while 41 (31.1%) had adequate knowledge about it. Among the 127 professionals, 103 (81.1%) had positive attitude, while 24 (18.9%) had negative attitude regarding pharmacovigilance and ADR reporting system. Moreover, majority of the respondents 102 (80.3%) had poor practice and 25(19.7%) of respondents had good knowledge about it.  Conclusions: The pharmacist working in different hospitals of Quetta has poor knowledge, negative attitude and poor practice towards pharmacovigilance and ADR reporting. Establishment of pharmacovigilance Centre in facility and availability of ADR reporting form is necessary.

PHP262 Pretesting An E-Based Version Of The Oxford Participation & Activities Questionnaire (Ox-Paq) Kelly L1, Dummett S1, Dawson J1, Churchman D2, Fitzpatrick R1, Jenkinson C1, Morley D1 1University of Oxford, Oxford, UK, 2Clinical Outcomes at Oxford University Innovation, Oxford, UK

Objectives: The Oxford Participation & Activities Questionnaire (Ox-PAQ) is a new patient-reported outcome measure, theoretically grounded in the World Health Organisation International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. The measure is specifically designed for the assessment of participation and activity in patients experiencing a range of health conditions. Initial validation of the Ox-PAQ was based on a paper-based postal survey. The objective of this study was to pretest an e-based version of the measure for use on a range of electronic devices.  Methods: Cognitive interviews with people with multiple sclerosis (MS) and Parkinson’s disease (PD) were conducted to assess the usability and acceptability of the e-based Ox-PAQ. Participants completed the measure in the presence of a researcher who noted any potential difficulties which were discussed both during and after the interview. Participants were recruited via the MS Society and Parkinson’s UK.  Results: Six participants, four with MS and two with PD, completed the e-based Ox-PAQ. Two completed the measure on a personal computer, two on an iPad and two on a laptop. During the interview process two adjustments were made. Firstly, the progress bar that allows respondents to track their survey progress was moved to a more prominent position on the screen. Secondly, font colours were adjusted from red to green to indicate acceptance of information and consent statements. Participant comments were largely positive regarding presentation, ease of completion and time taken to complete the measure.  Conclusions: The e-based Ox-PAQ appears both usable and acceptable to participants on a range of electronic devices. It is currently being incorporated in a large-scale online survey to assess the responsiveness of the measure. PHP263 Exploring The Socioeconomic Impact Of Post Approval Change Requirements For Vaccines Angelis A, Lange A, Kanavos P London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK