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Association between primary amines and pressor substances in urine
240
Southern
Society for Clinical
between glomerular filtration and either urine flow or chloride excretion could be obtained. At low rates of flow an apparent correlation exists between water and chloride excretion. This is believed to be indicative of posterior pituitary activity. Evidence obtained by the administration of pitressin and hypertonic saline solution will be presented to support this concept. RELATIONSHIP OF VITAL CAPACITY TO PULMONARY BLOOD VOLUME. Walter S. Coe (by invitation), Maurice M. Best (by invitation) and Hampden C. Lawson. (From the University of Louisville Institute for Medical Research, Louisville, KY.) The quantity of blood contained in the pulmonary vessels, left heart, aorta and certain larger arteries can be calculated according to the formula of Stewart when the cardiac output and mean circulation time are known. Comparative data on calculated pulmonary blood volume in the normal human subject have been obtained by making two dye (T-1824) injections in each subject: into an antecubital vein and into the right auricle or ventricle. The vein injections yielded calculated volumes larger than the intracardiac injections. The difference in volumes is greatly in excess of the volume of blood standing between the heart and the site of vein injection. Data have been obtained on normal human subjects using intracardiac dye injections which show the effect of postural changes on the calculated pulmonary blood volume. In general there is a decrease in volume when the subject is tilted feet-down, a decrease of the same order of magnitude as the increase in vital capacity. Data on pulmonary circulation time suggest that the reduction in cardiac output in the feetdown posture is associated with an equivalent reduction in the cross-sectional area of the stream bed, mean velocity of flow remaining unchanged. INFLUENCE OF DIET AND LIPOTROPICAGENTS ON THE PHOSPHOLIPIDETURNOVER IN PLASMA OF NORMAL HUMAN ADULTS. W. E. Cornateer, David Cayer and William A. Lambeth (by invitation). (From the Departments of Biochemistry and Internal Medicine, Bowman Gray School of Medicine of Wake Forest College, WinstonSalem, N. C.) The formation of phospholipides is a fundamental function of the liver. Previous study has indicated a close parallelism between the histologic finding of fat in the liver as shown by needle aspiration biopsy and the response in the
Research
plasma phospholipide turnover after a large dose of lipotropic material as studied with radiophosphorus. The time interval for the devclopment of fatty infiltration of the liver is well established in experimental animals but unknown in humans. The use of radiophosphorus as an indicator offers an opportunity to determine the time required in normal subjects given a low protein diet for the development of sufficient alteration in fat metabolism which can be noted by a significant change in phospholipide synthesis. Twelve normal adults maintained on experimental diets, low in protein, (7.6 per cent) were studied. In three of the subjects a slight increase in phospholipide synthesis occurred after the administration of a single large dose of lipotropic agents. The time interval that is required to produce a response to lipotropic agents in most subjects is greater than nine days. ASSOCIATION BETWEEN PRIMARY AMINES AND PRESSORSUBSTANCESIN URINE. D. F. Davies, H. Miller and Henry A. Schroeder. (From the Hypertension Division, Department of Internal Medicine and the Oscar Johnson Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.) Irrefutable evidence has been reported from this laboratory for the existence of an organic base (pherentasin) in human hypertensive and not in normal blood, which gives a pressor response in the rat, and which is probably a primary amine. A study of pressor amines in urine was indicated because of the probability of a renal defect in amino acid metabolism and the paucity of specific data on urinary pressor substances. Fractional chromatography on silica gel was carried out on twenty-four urine samples. One ml. of each eluate fraction was tested intravenously in rats for pressor or depressor activity. The remaining portion of each eluate was extracted with chloroform from alkaline solution, evaporated almost to dryness and chromatographed on Whatman No. 1 filter paper sheets using a butanol-water solvent. The ninhydrinsensitive substances were developed by spraying and Rf values calculated for each spot. Good correlation was found to exist between the Rf values of the primary amines separated by chromatography and the blood pressure effect of the eluates. They could not be identified with known primary amines of biologic interest studied previously. AMERICAN
JOURNAL
OF
MEDICINE
Southern
Society for Clinical
between glomerular filtration and either urine flow or chloride excretion could be obtained. At low rates of flow an apparent correlation exists between water and chloride excretion. This is believed to be indicative of posterior pituitary activity. Evidence obtained by the administration of pitressin and hypertonic saline solution will be presented to support this concept. RELATIONSHIP OF VITAL CAPACITY TO PULMONARY BLOOD VOLUME. Walter S. Coe (by invitation), Maurice M. Best (by invitation) and Hampden C. Lawson. (From the University of Louisville Institute for Medical Research, Louisville, KY.) The quantity of blood contained in the pulmonary vessels, left heart, aorta and certain larger arteries can be calculated according to the formula of Stewart when the cardiac output and mean circulation time are known. Comparative data on calculated pulmonary blood volume in the normal human subject have been obtained by making two dye (T-1824) injections in each subject: into an antecubital vein and into the right auricle or ventricle. The vein injections yielded calculated volumes larger than the intracardiac injections. The difference in volumes is greatly in excess of the volume of blood standing between the heart and the site of vein injection. Data have been obtained on normal human subjects using intracardiac dye injections which show the effect of postural changes on the calculated pulmonary blood volume. In general there is a decrease in volume when the subject is tilted feet-down, a decrease of the same order of magnitude as the increase in vital capacity. Data on pulmonary circulation time suggest that the reduction in cardiac output in the feetdown posture is associated with an equivalent reduction in the cross-sectional area of the stream bed, mean velocity of flow remaining unchanged. INFLUENCE OF DIET AND LIPOTROPICAGENTS ON THE PHOSPHOLIPIDETURNOVER IN PLASMA OF NORMAL HUMAN ADULTS. W. E. Cornateer, David Cayer and William A. Lambeth (by invitation). (From the Departments of Biochemistry and Internal Medicine, Bowman Gray School of Medicine of Wake Forest College, WinstonSalem, N. C.) The formation of phospholipides is a fundamental function of the liver. Previous study has indicated a close parallelism between the histologic finding of fat in the liver as shown by needle aspiration biopsy and the response in the
Research
plasma phospholipide turnover after a large dose of lipotropic material as studied with radiophosphorus. The time interval for the devclopment of fatty infiltration of the liver is well established in experimental animals but unknown in humans. The use of radiophosphorus as an indicator offers an opportunity to determine the time required in normal subjects given a low protein diet for the development of sufficient alteration in fat metabolism which can be noted by a significant change in phospholipide synthesis. Twelve normal adults maintained on experimental diets, low in protein, (7.6 per cent) were studied. In three of the subjects a slight increase in phospholipide synthesis occurred after the administration of a single large dose of lipotropic agents. The time interval that is required to produce a response to lipotropic agents in most subjects is greater than nine days. ASSOCIATION BETWEEN PRIMARY AMINES AND PRESSORSUBSTANCESIN URINE. D. F. Davies, H. Miller and Henry A. Schroeder. (From the Hypertension Division, Department of Internal Medicine and the Oscar Johnson Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO.) Irrefutable evidence has been reported from this laboratory for the existence of an organic base (pherentasin) in human hypertensive and not in normal blood, which gives a pressor response in the rat, and which is probably a primary amine. A study of pressor amines in urine was indicated because of the probability of a renal defect in amino acid metabolism and the paucity of specific data on urinary pressor substances. Fractional chromatography on silica gel was carried out on twenty-four urine samples. One ml. of each eluate fraction was tested intravenously in rats for pressor or depressor activity. The remaining portion of each eluate was extracted with chloroform from alkaline solution, evaporated almost to dryness and chromatographed on Whatman No. 1 filter paper sheets using a butanol-water solvent. The ninhydrinsensitive substances were developed by spraying and Rf values calculated for each spot. Good correlation was found to exist between the Rf values of the primary amines separated by chromatography and the blood pressure effect of the eluates. They could not be identified with known primary amines of biologic interest studied previously. AMERICAN
JOURNAL
OF
MEDICINE