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Asymptomatic heart disease in young adults
and Heparin Loewe, L.: The Combined Use of Penicillin Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis. C’:I~:II~. Al. A. .1. 52: .I,
Moss, J. B.:
Asymptomatic
Heart
in the Treatment
of
19 k.i.
Disease in Young Adults.
South. !G.
.J. 37:
OR, 1941.
In the examination service, the incidence the various c+ological Despite a number organic heart disease their hearts abnormal
of a gwul,
of ~u~~l~os:“~lly 1~3~1th~ wnc!id:?teP lor mi1it:w.v organic heart disease was n.5 per wrli. The incidence of types conformed with tlw generally acwpted statistical data. of previous examinations, only 10 per cent of tlw cases of had been told of their defect-, and only 8 per cent considered at the time of examination. of
ABSTRACTS
AXI>
RICVIEWS
549
By standardization of criteria as to what constitutes a significant abnormality and by more universal adoption of a more complete method of examination, much could be done to eliminate errors of diagnosis. It is believed thab individuals with organic heart disease, even in asymptomatic cases, should be acquainted with the presence and nature of their llisease in order that they may properly adjust themselves to :t routine of lil’r tle.5ignetl lo produce maximum efficiency for the longest period of time. AUTHOL
Moses, Am.
L. E.: Mechanism of the J. Physiol. 142: 686, 1944.
Effect
of Hyperthyroidism
on Cardiac
Glycogen.
Methods were developed for accurate and consistent determination of heart rate, oxygen consumption, and cardiac glycogen in the white rat. A technique was also devised for the removal of large amounts of blood from the rat’s tail. Standard “predictable ” levels of heart rate and basal metabolic rate were established in After approximately two weeks of cxprrimmtal manipulation, cardiac 110 rats. glycogen contents were determined and compared, in relation to the changes produced Moderate in heart rate and metabolic rate, with normal controls and with each other. hyperthyroidism was found to deplete heart glycogen to an extent directly related to the increase in heart rate but not closely related to the metabolic stimulation. Atropine and chilling (by depilation) decreased heart glycogen, in relation to the tachycardia produced, to a degree similar to that obtained in hyperthyroidism. with refereme to the stimulation Caffeine caused a smaller loss of heart glycogru, of heart rate, than would have been predicted from the effects of thyroid, atropine, This might have resulted from the increased blood pressure and the and chilling. coronary dilatation characteristic of caff’eine medicniion. Primary anemia produced a decrease in heart glycogen loughly correlated with the def21ine in hemoglobin content of the blood. Cobalt polycythcmia seemed, to a slight extent, to protect the hyperthyroid heart from loss of its gl~cogen stores. The decrease in heart glycogen of nineteen hyperthyroid rats was participatc~tl in ly both the left and right ventricles. Loss b? the left ventriclcx I~:LS greater Ivy nn 3verage of 37 per cent, but the variability of results, due to technic3al difkulties, rentlers this different-e not statistically as significant as might be desired. It is concluded that the decrease in heart glycogt~n by hyperthyroidiem is not “toxic’” influence of the thgroitl hormonr. l’lle suggestion is due to any specific al>tion is exerted through a relative tentatively offered that the glycogcnolytic iscllcmia caused directly and indirectly by the increased cardiac activity.
Alberti, tions Aires
V. A., Segura, R. G., and Lanari, A.: of Arterial Pressure on the Pulmonary 4: 413, 1944.
Mechanisms Circulation.
of Respiratory Medicina,
VariaBu~os
The changes in pulmonary and sy&emic pressure induced by ordinary breathing and artificial breathing are stullied without opening the thorax, without opening the thorax but with an exposed heart, am1 with thorax opened. The Hamilton’s hypodermic manometer was used for pressure readings. With ordinary breatlkng, prersul’e falls during inspiration in both the systemic and pulmonary circuits althougll somewhat drlayed (two or three beats) in the former as cpmpared with the latter. The importance of the diminution of the intrathoracic pressure during inspiration is stressed, as a result of which there is an increase in the capacity of the pulmonary bed with a diminished flow to the left ventricle and a subsequent fall in the systemic pressure.
Moss, J. B.:
Asymptomatic
Heart
in the Treatment
of
19 k.i.
Disease in Young Adults.
South. !G.
.J. 37:
OR, 1941.
In the examination service, the incidence the various c+ological Despite a number organic heart disease their hearts abnormal
of a gwul,
of ~u~~l~os:“~lly 1~3~1th~ wnc!id:?teP lor mi1it:w.v organic heart disease was n.5 per wrli. The incidence of types conformed with tlw generally acwpted statistical data. of previous examinations, only 10 per cent of tlw cases of had been told of their defect-, and only 8 per cent considered at the time of examination. of
ABSTRACTS
AXI>
RICVIEWS
549
By standardization of criteria as to what constitutes a significant abnormality and by more universal adoption of a more complete method of examination, much could be done to eliminate errors of diagnosis. It is believed thab individuals with organic heart disease, even in asymptomatic cases, should be acquainted with the presence and nature of their llisease in order that they may properly adjust themselves to :t routine of lil’r tle.5ignetl lo produce maximum efficiency for the longest period of time. AUTHOL
Moses, Am.
L. E.: Mechanism of the J. Physiol. 142: 686, 1944.
Effect
of Hyperthyroidism
on Cardiac
Glycogen.
Methods were developed for accurate and consistent determination of heart rate, oxygen consumption, and cardiac glycogen in the white rat. A technique was also devised for the removal of large amounts of blood from the rat’s tail. Standard “predictable ” levels of heart rate and basal metabolic rate were established in After approximately two weeks of cxprrimmtal manipulation, cardiac 110 rats. glycogen contents were determined and compared, in relation to the changes produced Moderate in heart rate and metabolic rate, with normal controls and with each other. hyperthyroidism was found to deplete heart glycogen to an extent directly related to the increase in heart rate but not closely related to the metabolic stimulation. Atropine and chilling (by depilation) decreased heart glycogen, in relation to the tachycardia produced, to a degree similar to that obtained in hyperthyroidism. with refereme to the stimulation Caffeine caused a smaller loss of heart glycogru, of heart rate, than would have been predicted from the effects of thyroid, atropine, This might have resulted from the increased blood pressure and the and chilling. coronary dilatation characteristic of caff’eine medicniion. Primary anemia produced a decrease in heart glycogen loughly correlated with the def21ine in hemoglobin content of the blood. Cobalt polycythcmia seemed, to a slight extent, to protect the hyperthyroid heart from loss of its gl~cogen stores. The decrease in heart glycogen of nineteen hyperthyroid rats was participatc~tl in ly both the left and right ventricles. Loss b? the left ventriclcx I~:LS greater Ivy nn 3verage of 37 per cent, but the variability of results, due to technic3al difkulties, rentlers this different-e not statistically as significant as might be desired. It is concluded that the decrease in heart glycogt~n by hyperthyroidiem is not “toxic’” influence of the thgroitl hormonr. l’lle suggestion is due to any specific al>tion is exerted through a relative tentatively offered that the glycogcnolytic iscllcmia caused directly and indirectly by the increased cardiac activity.
Alberti, tions Aires
V. A., Segura, R. G., and Lanari, A.: of Arterial Pressure on the Pulmonary 4: 413, 1944.
Mechanisms Circulation.
of Respiratory Medicina,
VariaBu~os
The changes in pulmonary and sy&emic pressure induced by ordinary breathing and artificial breathing are stullied without opening the thorax, without opening the thorax but with an exposed heart, am1 with thorax opened. The Hamilton’s hypodermic manometer was used for pressure readings. With ordinary breatlkng, prersul’e falls during inspiration in both the systemic and pulmonary circuits althougll somewhat drlayed (two or three beats) in the former as cpmpared with the latter. The importance of the diminution of the intrathoracic pressure during inspiration is stressed, as a result of which there is an increase in the capacity of the pulmonary bed with a diminished flow to the left ventricle and a subsequent fall in the systemic pressure.