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Atharvavedic abhva-, n. “monster”
riiiften (mderer) iiberl
---t Debrunner
( 1954)‘
p_ 9 1.
prachen IQ (1897), pp. rachen (1904), pp. 144, rterb. der ai. Spra~he (18 etym. Wk%erb, I, p. 11. 3) A different etymology proposecjl by . B~oom~~e~d, Sacred East 42, p. 396, may be passe by in silence. 4) See Gramann, Wiirte uch zum Rigve a S.V. vibhva - and col QPdenberg, Noten I, p. 342 on sb (~a(~ap~~ha .~a#) for s6 U. 6) Thus Grassmann, col. 1287 (ZJ@I ner, t~a~s~at~o
1437,
226 vibhvb, which occurs in .16&l, III.31.16, VI.34.i, is everywhere trisyllabic, and we have no eason to suppose that as early as the famil collections such forms with1 ancient hiatus (from *v have become disyllables. The very few instances of di tanvh&, cam&F (for older ta.ntiam, etc.) are indeed 1 to ~bk~va~, can only family collections a). So disyllabic vibhvo, par be explained as a new formation of
agel-Debrunner,
Altind. Grammatik
III
(l930), p. 188. 7) I3 IV4 VI VII- VIII :;2. *) Alt~nd. Gramm. III, p. 195. Cf. a!lso IrAnman, Noun-Inflection in the Veda Or. Sot. 21, 18?8), 403, Renou, Grammaire vbdique (1952), p. 214. : ~~~a~~~~-,flabkzi-, puvubhz&, mayobhti-, dbhw, ey are the iollowi bhzi-. N.B. Ebhzi- (Altind. Cramm. III, p. 195) has been omitted ubtful that it should be regarded as a variant of iZbh& (see p. 165, note on the translation of X. 27.1). en left out of account.
gender, ,the new forms in -blatis reflect t
conceals the real historic
1”) mayobhJ ti h shortening in yausa (se;
qq of final vowels in the 18, 1955, p. 278).
ded. Kon. Ned. Akad. v. ramm. III, p. 195. 12) Altind. Gramm. III, pp. 32, 125, 128 ff. (root nam in -G-). h‘ztv~b~~d~v~~ EL) and vib m. III, p. 197,
228 4.9, Vpl. vz’bhvoIV.36.3, vi6kvo v h the new formation would have r than vdbhvan-; as a matter of fact hey are confined to the of l$bhu-hymns (IV.33.37) ar,Z :o V occurring in association with vibhu. and ybhli- is a proper name, which fbhvan- (like .r’bhvas-, ?/bhva-) never is. On the other hand, as vibhvan- probably existed already in the earliest gvedic period and must have been created at a date prior to the oldest hymns, it can be explained from vi-bhdil-an-, which would have become *vi-bhz%an- owing to the proto-Indian loss of laryngeals in composition. In that case, however, there remains the difficulty of vz’bhiivari in the yajus p@%vi vibhGvari sink&i (etc.) 14). If this is an we have to consider the possibility that it stands for vibhzcted as a variant reading in KS. !) 15), which in its turn might existence of an old masculine form *vibhuvan- (from *viwithout loss of the laryngeal). It is more at vibhGvari has been created on the analogy of th v~bh~va~~,used in addressing Qas 16). n any case such a prehistoric loss of a laryngeal is unquestionable ases such as s@uti- “easy birth”, which cannot .) but must gEti- (despite s&i- “parturition” ctly to a proto-Indian form *szc-~z&Cti- 17). irect co~~firmation of the existence of such fon Finnish @Adas “pure”, if as a loan-word from S ric loss are rare in the es not occur in of more recent compounds with a(n)-19) ) ave long been recognized ill dstytaXXV.3 (p. 51, lb), ICap S. XXVIII.4 (p. 29&l), with haplography S. XIV. 17.3. in -vavi have as a I, le a long syllable before the suffix: p~var&, ~t&uarF-, ~ibhtivnri-, phjvarta. See A kind. Gramm. II/2, p. 420. Cf. also the parallel format i n vdbkziman- in the formula rt&ya tva’ vian2 TS. III.3.5.2 and 4. Die Sprache VII, p. 30. 76 (1959), p. 37ff. IS) E.g. &zdri:a-, at&la-, anam?/&, dnGti-, dniina-, c&&t@-, d
serious difficulties.
A- ,,,,-:__.I
Cl1 1cxqprux.l
1 ram
20 21
1 )
seum 59, p. 118 ; but see also ind. Gramm. II/l,
a semantic
urzgef. etym. Wb. 11, p. 2 1. pp. 779, 780, 801, 814). Cf.
also J anert , 22) Cf. Altind. Gramm. I, p. 26. In the ~ata~a~bab~~~rna~a it has been supplanted by a ja~y A-. rugmann, Grundriss der vgl. Gramm. II/l, p. 145, .$ltind. C’rramm. 24) E.g. Brugmann, Grundriss II/l,
p. 145, Iitirze vgl. Gramm., pp. 102, 104 26) RV. I.63.1 viSvd girdyaS cid cibhvci(!j), 1. 39.8 d yd m dbhzqa iSate. neral Thieme, Untersuchungen zur Wortkunde 131x3 .~t~slcgung Allind. Gramm. II/l I p. 3. Cf des Rigveda ( I.9591, p. 3 . , and Wackernagel, also e.g. &@a VIIII.46 Otherwise .Brugmann, Kurze vgl. Gramm., p. 104: “ungeheuer” (“allem Sein widersprechend”). 27) Once in a prose text, X11.4.25 sb evb ~~ty~~~ sb ‘mitati, sci ‘bhvd?ti, sd rLikgall, twice as a disyllable in the Bda rbkso abhvdm nr8yydh IV. 17.5b = VI lb.
later books of the F?.igveda, a dissyl bit pronunciation
of %bK that case, however, we shou in the Atharvaveda would be possible. Ha- (with restored have to assume a dialectal variant dbktia- in proto-Indian z*). On the other hand a change of the accent is often found in later Vedic texts (sometimes as a corollary of a iemantic change, e.g. RV. p&ya- “last” < YV. p&y& “on the other e”) and since it cannot e proved that abhvd- has ever been pronounced as a trisyllable, it is more plausible to take it as ultimately e accent shift may have been favoured by the circumstance that - probably had gone out of use in common speech at an early ages in RV. and AV. it only occurs in two pasbrghmaqa 29) but from the fact that the author e accents on the iast syllable (abhvi-) we may robably infer that he did no longer know the word from the spoken as been an accent shift dbhvam > abhvdm tllais ue, to analogy. The only forms in -bhvdm that xt are vibhvdm (4) and szcbhvdm (1). These text s themselves were authoritative, rather than their pronunciation V-PrW%khya XVII. 13 (cf. 1 22 with Uvata’s commentary). Has perha s subhvdm in RV. .79.5ab cvd ha iszdo stibhvdm sq%%asati nisariz tufiju;rtti p~~tharn~ reted as an accusative of subhv& tion abhvhm of t e Atharvaveda ?
post-Rigvedic re-composition a + bhzi + a- would have become %bk4fM&-va- (cf. vibhtivari). 1.8.4.8 stancls in the mantra dy$vb PZO RV. I. I US. 2d. 30/ The first passage seems to aim at an archaistic diction: II1.2.1.26 indro cakve: mahkd va”itd ‘BhvaGt jani+yate (similarly 27) ; cf. RV. 1.168.9 ~~Q~~y~~t~bhv~~. The second passage (X1.2.3.4) deals with the ano mahati abhve’. See also Minard, I’rois Enigmes sur les Cent Chemins I W-745), p. 50 (8 140a). Fo the different origin of $Z3. III and XI see e.g. Caland, ~~tr~~~ctio~ to the Sat r%hmarJa in the KZpvIya recensicm, I (Lahore “19&j, p_ 108.
or
---t Debrunner
( 1954)‘
p_ 9 1.
prachen IQ (1897), pp. rachen (1904), pp. 144, rterb. der ai. Spra~he (18 etym. Wk%erb, I, p. 11. 3) A different etymology proposecjl by . B~oom~~e~d, Sacred East 42, p. 396, may be passe by in silence. 4) See Gramann, Wiirte uch zum Rigve a S.V. vibhva - and col QPdenberg, Noten I, p. 342 on sb (~a(~ap~~ha .~a#) for s6 U. 6) Thus Grassmann, col. 1287 (ZJ@I ner, t~a~s~at~o
1437,
226 vibhvb, which occurs in .16&l, III.31.16, VI.34.i, is everywhere trisyllabic, and we have no eason to suppose that as early as the famil collections such forms with1 ancient hiatus (from *v have become disyllables. The very few instances of di tanvh&, cam&F (for older ta.ntiam, etc.) are indeed 1 to ~bk~va~, can only family collections a). So disyllabic vibhvo, par be explained as a new formation of
agel-Debrunner,
Altind. Grammatik
III
(l930), p. 188. 7) I3 IV4 VI VII- VIII :;2. *) Alt~nd. Gramm. III, p. 195. Cf. a!lso IrAnman, Noun-Inflection in the Veda Or. Sot. 21, 18?8), 403, Renou, Grammaire vbdique (1952), p. 214. : ~~~a~~~~-,flabkzi-, puvubhz&, mayobhti-, dbhw, ey are the iollowi bhzi-. N.B. Ebhzi- (Altind. Cramm. III, p. 195) has been omitted ubtful that it should be regarded as a variant of iZbh& (see p. 165, note on the translation of X. 27.1). en left out of account.
gender, ,the new forms in -blatis reflect t
conceals the real historic
1”) mayobhJ ti h shortening in yausa (se;
qq of final vowels in the 18, 1955, p. 278).
ded. Kon. Ned. Akad. v. ramm. III, p. 195. 12) Altind. Gramm. III, pp. 32, 125, 128 ff. (root nam in -G-). h‘ztv~b~~d~v~~ EL) and vib m. III, p. 197,
228 4.9, Vpl. vz’bhvoIV.36.3, vi6kvo v h the new formation would have r than vdbhvan-; as a matter of fact hey are confined to the of l$bhu-hymns (IV.33.37) ar,Z :o V occurring in association with vibhu. and ybhli- is a proper name, which fbhvan- (like .r’bhvas-, ?/bhva-) never is. On the other hand, as vibhvan- probably existed already in the earliest gvedic period and must have been created at a date prior to the oldest hymns, it can be explained from vi-bhdil-an-, which would have become *vi-bhz%an- owing to the proto-Indian loss of laryngeals in composition. In that case, however, there remains the difficulty of vz’bhiivari in the yajus p@%vi vibhGvari sink&i (etc.) 14). If this is an we have to consider the possibility that it stands for vibhzcted as a variant reading in KS. !) 15), which in its turn might existence of an old masculine form *vibhuvan- (from *viwithout loss of the laryngeal). It is more at vibhGvari has been created on the analogy of th v~bh~va~~,used in addressing Qas 16). n any case such a prehistoric loss of a laryngeal is unquestionable ases such as s@uti- “easy birth”, which cannot .) but must gEti- (despite s&i- “parturition” ctly to a proto-Indian form *szc-~z&Cti- 17). irect co~~firmation of the existence of such fon Finnish @Adas “pure”, if as a loan-word from S ric loss are rare in the es not occur in of more recent compounds with a(n)-19) ) ave long been recognized ill dstytaXXV.3 (p. 51, lb), ICap S. XXVIII.4 (p. 29&l), with haplography S. XIV. 17.3. in -vavi have as a I, le a long syllable before the suffix: p~var&, ~t&uarF-, ~ibhtivnri-, phjvarta. See A kind. Gramm. II/2, p. 420. Cf. also the parallel format i n vdbkziman- in the formula rt&ya tva’ vian2 TS. III.3.5.2 and 4. Die Sprache VII, p. 30. 76 (1959), p. 37ff. IS) E.g. &zdri:a-, at&la-, anam?/&, dnGti-, dniina-, c&&t@-, d
serious difficulties.
A- ,,,,-:__.I
Cl1 1cxqprux.l
1 ram
20 21
1 )
seum 59, p. 118 ; but see also ind. Gramm. II/l,
a semantic
urzgef. etym. Wb. 11, p. 2 1. pp. 779, 780, 801, 814). Cf.
also J anert , 22) Cf. Altind. Gramm. I, p. 26. In the ~ata~a~bab~~~rna~a it has been supplanted by a ja~y A-. rugmann, Grundriss der vgl. Gramm. II/l, p. 145, .$ltind. C’rramm. 24) E.g. Brugmann, Grundriss II/l,
p. 145, Iitirze vgl. Gramm., pp. 102, 104 26) RV. I.63.1 viSvd girdyaS cid cibhvci(!j), 1. 39.8 d yd m dbhzqa iSate. neral Thieme, Untersuchungen zur Wortkunde 131x3 .~t~slcgung Allind. Gramm. II/l I p. 3. Cf des Rigveda ( I.9591, p. 3 . , and Wackernagel, also e.g. &@a VIIII.46 Otherwise .Brugmann, Kurze vgl. Gramm., p. 104: “ungeheuer” (“allem Sein widersprechend”). 27) Once in a prose text, X11.4.25 sb evb ~~ty~~~ sb ‘mitati, sci ‘bhvd?ti, sd rLikgall, twice as a disyllable in the Bda rbkso abhvdm nr8yydh IV. 17.5b = VI lb.
later books of the F?.igveda, a dissyl bit pronunciation
of %bK that case, however, we shou in the Atharvaveda would be possible. Ha- (with restored have to assume a dialectal variant dbktia- in proto-Indian z*). On the other hand a change of the accent is often found in later Vedic texts (sometimes as a corollary of a iemantic change, e.g. RV. p&ya- “last” < YV. p&y& “on the other e”) and since it cannot e proved that abhvd- has ever been pronounced as a trisyllable, it is more plausible to take it as ultimately e accent shift may have been favoured by the circumstance that - probably had gone out of use in common speech at an early ages in RV. and AV. it only occurs in two pasbrghmaqa 29) but from the fact that the author e accents on the iast syllable (abhvi-) we may robably infer that he did no longer know the word from the spoken as been an accent shift dbhvam > abhvdm tllais ue, to analogy. The only forms in -bhvdm that xt are vibhvdm (4) and szcbhvdm (1). These text s themselves were authoritative, rather than their pronunciation V-PrW%khya XVII. 13 (cf. 1 22 with Uvata’s commentary). Has perha s subhvdm in RV. .79.5ab cvd ha iszdo stibhvdm sq%%asati nisariz tufiju;rtti p~~tharn~ reted as an accusative of subhv& tion abhvhm of t e Atharvaveda ?
post-Rigvedic re-composition a + bhzi + a- would have become %bk4fM&-va- (cf. vibhtivari). 1.8.4.8 stancls in the mantra dy$vb PZO RV. I. I US. 2d. 30/ The first passage seems to aim at an archaistic diction: II1.2.1.26 indro cakve: mahkd va”itd ‘BhvaGt jani+yate (similarly 27) ; cf. RV. 1.168.9 ~~Q~~y~~t~bhv~~. The second passage (X1.2.3.4) deals with the ano mahati abhve’. See also Minard, I’rois Enigmes sur les Cent Chemins I W-745), p. 50 (8 140a). Fo the different origin of $Z3. III and XI see e.g. Caland, ~~tr~~~ctio~ to the Sat r%hmarJa in the KZpvIya recensicm, I (Lahore “19&j, p_ 108.
or