- Email: [email protected]
Atlas of electroencephalography in the developing monkey, Macaca mulatta
732
nOOK n~VJEWS
seems to feel that this needs some justification and devotes chapxer three to a dbcuss~on of scientific method and the relation between modeb and theory. He claims that various levels of approach are needed and seems a little obsessed by a linguistic philosophy whose methods are hardly powerful enoush to yield ft. required synthesis. of unifying lprasp is apparent in the details. Thus he ~ by noting that the brain cannot he a d~tmmlnisdc device and cites various incompleteness theorams in ~ of this. Now, while this conclusion is almost certain to be true, it does not follow from the evidence ~ and naKIs a much d~per discussion of the role of probability. One pthers that the author is not very happy about this: thus in chapter five on "Logical Nets" a discussion is bqgun and then almost immediately relepted to future development. There is no mention of MgCulloch and co-workers' theory of functional redundancy, or of the idea, implicit in an earlier work of ~ (1951), that learning proceeds by variation and seha:tion. As a consequence of the above, no clear distinction is made betwwn a probebilistic and aconditional probability automaton. The tint makes decisions probabilistically, while the latter estimates conditional probabilities in a thoroushly tletm~inistic fashion and is a relatively trivial device, This last points to anotherdisturbinsfeature. While the author seems to r~osnise the importance of recursive function theory, he almost immediately pushes it into the b a c ~ u n d by the t~triction to primitive recursive (resular) events, "for safety". This is surprising because in chapter six the idea of induction as learnin8 an unknown lanffLtage is put forwaN: that is to say of finding sonw generating rules for a structure which is certainly not recunive and only in some very approximate sense recursively unumerable. Unfortunately, in this potentially most interwtlnll chapter, flow diagrams for computer learning are too sketchy to discover what is bein8 done to draw sisnlflcant ~oncluslons. There are two faiHy comprehensive chapters (T and I0) on I¢~'nin8 and perception, the first stressin8 stimulus ruponstve chstm and the latter adaptive filtering. A final chapter ~ to brinll these together in relation to thousht. The author notu Reichenbach's distinction between discovery and justification, but lacking any treatment of probabilistic nets he is unable to make any significant comment, He then reiterates his basic viewpoint "the b/8 problem that cyberneti~ has to solve in the future is that of lansua~ '°. In view of this some account of the problems of machine translation would have been in pla~. Undoubtedly, there is a need for a book of this kind even though the rapid advanc~ make it an almost thanldm task. MARCL~~X}DALL
Meusoch~t~ettxl~tilu~e of Teelmolo~y Cambrld~, Ma~z, ElectS.
eli,. Neurol~yslol,, 196~ I$: 731-732
Athmof deetroeucepbalegmpJ~ in the devdopin8 monkey, Maeaca muIaua. - - Wflllmn F. Caveaem (Addboo-Wesley PuMbhing Co., Readlbv,, Mass., 1962, 148 p,, $17.50). This atlas of electroencephalography is a systematic study of the maturation patterns of the electrical activity of the Macaca mulatta monkey brain from I day old to puberty. It will become a standard reference, and will satisfy a great need in the woHd of primate research, comparable only to the Gibbs and Gibbs atlas in clinical electroencephalography. The historical introduction by HaIlowell Davis adds further to its stature. This edition of the atlas for Macaca mulatta impresses one because of its design. It is 8t n × II" in size, a not too large, and easy to handle book. It contains 154 pages of heavy white matte finish paper which eliminates surface reflection and the pages are turned over easily. There are 96 pl,tt~s of excellent full size reproductions ofthe original tracings. Each plate shows $ sac of recording at a speed of 30 mm per sac. The author presents a detailed description of the method used in obtaining the records. This will he of great help to others in developing their own technique. He particularly stresses the need for proper handling and adequate immobilization of the animal, so necessary if satisfactory tracings are to be made. The electrode placement used by +.he author leaves the central motor or parietal areas uncovered. Comparison with central or parietal activity in man, particularly during sleep, would be more valuable. A chapter is devoted to each state of activity: waking, drowsiness, lisht sleep, and deep sleep. Each chapter starts with a description of the chat~gesseen in the development of the pattern under digussion from birth to puberty, this being followed by illustrative plates, The chapter cop" ues withasectioncomparinlgtheformsjust degrilx,d ,,,;d illustrated, with comparable age patterns in man. Graphs and tables conclude the chapters and serve to reemphaslze these features. Chapter 9 is a summary of waking and sleepin8 activity at successive~ levels. T'neu are sin$1e runs at each of the age levels chosen, Anappen. dix "A" gives a recapitulation of the full records for the same age levels, in all states of activity. These tracings are reproduced in a reduced size,which allows presentation of ~veral t,acings on one page, thus making visual ~ompari. :~ ~ier. This atlas is an invitation to the world of interested in the development of brain activity to standardize the methods of r~ordin8 and interpretation. M.l. RouRT nz RA~dt~tzde Aa~U.ANO,i%D., M.D.
No~lo~l lnstitntes ofHe~ltb, &m 7 ~ (Puerto Rico) Electroen~ph, olin, Neurophy$iol,, IW,3, I$: 732
nOOK n~VJEWS
seems to feel that this needs some justification and devotes chapxer three to a dbcuss~on of scientific method and the relation between modeb and theory. He claims that various levels of approach are needed and seems a little obsessed by a linguistic philosophy whose methods are hardly powerful enoush to yield ft. required synthesis. of unifying lprasp is apparent in the details. Thus he ~ by noting that the brain cannot he a d~tmmlnisdc device and cites various incompleteness theorams in ~ of this. Now, while this conclusion is almost certain to be true, it does not follow from the evidence ~ and naKIs a much d~per discussion of the role of probability. One pthers that the author is not very happy about this: thus in chapter five on "Logical Nets" a discussion is bqgun and then almost immediately relepted to future development. There is no mention of MgCulloch and co-workers' theory of functional redundancy, or of the idea, implicit in an earlier work of ~ (1951), that learning proceeds by variation and seha:tion. As a consequence of the above, no clear distinction is made betwwn a probebilistic and aconditional probability automaton. The tint makes decisions probabilistically, while the latter estimates conditional probabilities in a thoroushly tletm~inistic fashion and is a relatively trivial device, This last points to anotherdisturbinsfeature. While the author seems to r~osnise the importance of recursive function theory, he almost immediately pushes it into the b a c ~ u n d by the t~triction to primitive recursive (resular) events, "for safety". This is surprising because in chapter six the idea of induction as learnin8 an unknown lanffLtage is put forwaN: that is to say of finding sonw generating rules for a structure which is certainly not recunive and only in some very approximate sense recursively unumerable. Unfortunately, in this potentially most interwtlnll chapter, flow diagrams for computer learning are too sketchy to discover what is bein8 done to draw sisnlflcant ~oncluslons. There are two faiHy comprehensive chapters (T and I0) on I¢~'nin8 and perception, the first stressin8 stimulus ruponstve chstm and the latter adaptive filtering. A final chapter ~ to brinll these together in relation to thousht. The author notu Reichenbach's distinction between discovery and justification, but lacking any treatment of probabilistic nets he is unable to make any significant comment, He then reiterates his basic viewpoint "the b/8 problem that cyberneti~ has to solve in the future is that of lansua~ '°. In view of this some account of the problems of machine translation would have been in pla~. Undoubtedly, there is a need for a book of this kind even though the rapid advanc~ make it an almost thanldm task. MARCL~~X}DALL
Meusoch~t~ettxl~tilu~e of Teelmolo~y Cambrld~, Ma~z, ElectS.
eli,. Neurol~yslol,, 196~ I$: 731-732
Athmof deetroeucepbalegmpJ~ in the devdopin8 monkey, Maeaca muIaua. - - Wflllmn F. Caveaem (Addboo-Wesley PuMbhing Co., Readlbv,, Mass., 1962, 148 p,, $17.50). This atlas of electroencephalography is a systematic study of the maturation patterns of the electrical activity of the Macaca mulatta monkey brain from I day old to puberty. It will become a standard reference, and will satisfy a great need in the woHd of primate research, comparable only to the Gibbs and Gibbs atlas in clinical electroencephalography. The historical introduction by HaIlowell Davis adds further to its stature. This edition of the atlas for Macaca mulatta impresses one because of its design. It is 8t n × II" in size, a not too large, and easy to handle book. It contains 154 pages of heavy white matte finish paper which eliminates surface reflection and the pages are turned over easily. There are 96 pl,tt~s of excellent full size reproductions ofthe original tracings. Each plate shows $ sac of recording at a speed of 30 mm per sac. The author presents a detailed description of the method used in obtaining the records. This will he of great help to others in developing their own technique. He particularly stresses the need for proper handling and adequate immobilization of the animal, so necessary if satisfactory tracings are to be made. The electrode placement used by +.he author leaves the central motor or parietal areas uncovered. Comparison with central or parietal activity in man, particularly during sleep, would be more valuable. A chapter is devoted to each state of activity: waking, drowsiness, lisht sleep, and deep sleep. Each chapter starts with a description of the chat~gesseen in the development of the pattern under digussion from birth to puberty, this being followed by illustrative plates, The chapter cop" ues withasectioncomparinlgtheformsjust degrilx,d ,,,;d illustrated, with comparable age patterns in man. Graphs and tables conclude the chapters and serve to reemphaslze these features. Chapter 9 is a summary of waking and sleepin8 activity at successive~ levels. T'neu are sin$1e runs at each of the age levels chosen, Anappen. dix "A" gives a recapitulation of the full records for the same age levels, in all states of activity. These tracings are reproduced in a reduced size,which allows presentation of ~veral t,acings on one page, thus making visual ~ompari. :~ ~ier. This atlas is an invitation to the world of interested in the development of brain activity to standardize the methods of r~ordin8 and interpretation. M.l. RouRT nz RA~dt~tzde Aa~U.ANO,i%D., M.D.
No~lo~l lnstitntes ofHe~ltb, &m 7 ~ (Puerto Rico) Electroen~ph, olin, Neurophy$iol,, IW,3, I$: 732