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ATMOSPHERIC NITRATE.
1412
nflexe:", including those of the pupil, were normal. When time, while it promises plenty, oddly enough the method is asked questions-for instance, how she felt, her age, and obviously available for the manufacture of dynamic comthe number of her children-she tried to answer but could pounds and thus the materials for the supply of powerful But there are those who urge not find the necessary words and uttered irrelevant words or explosives would be infinite. meaningless sounds. When the correct answer was told to that such a state of things would insure peace. her she nodded approval. She could recognise objects shown but could not name them. On being shown a letter OBSTRUCTIONS TO BRIDLE PATHS. she evidently understood its contents but could not read it IN reference to our annotation on Public Footpaths and aloud. Voluntary writing was affected in the same way Bridle Pathswe have received the following communication aas speech ; words fhe wrote were grossly mis-spelt and "It may possibly be of use to your from a correspondent. formed meaningless phrases. 11 days later she had remedical correspondent who is interested in the preservation covered almost fully and speech, writing, and intelligence of bridle paths to know that a pamphlet entitled ’Footpaths were practically normal as before. There was some albuminand Commons and Parish and District Councils’ has been uria but no casts appeared in the urine. Evidently in written by Sir Robert Hunter, solicitor to the Post Office and this case, says Professor Riesman, there was an obstruction honorary solicitor to the Commons Preservatior formerly in the cortico-efferent tracts concerned with speech utterThe publishers are Cassell and Co., and the ance and writing. ’’ She was able to see and hear and to Society. 6d." The pamphlet referred to deals with the law formulate the ideas to which she desired to give expression price in regard to (1) footpaths, (2) roadside wastes, (3) but she could not exteriorise them " through the medium of and (4) village greens. The part relatiog to commons, speech and writing. A survey of all the 29 cases known contains a i-ection on the obstruction of footpaths footpaths gave 15 cases of aphasia without paralysis and 14 cases with some form of coexistent paralysis. As regards age four and on the legal remedies which may be taken to redress below were three were 21 and 30, four such grievances. The Commons and Footpaths Preservation between 20, patients has done a great deal of mo’t u-eful work for the between 31 and 40, eight between 4and 50, two between of open spaces and rights of way. and we should 51 and 60, six between 61 and 70, and two above 70 years. protection advise our original correspondent and all those who are Six patients were females and 23 were males. When the in such questions to communicate with the .di:ea e occurred in children it was the sequel of post-scar- interested of the society, the offices of which are at 25, secretary latinal nephritis. Word-blindness or word-deafness was quite uncommon in cases of uræmic aphasia. The duration varied Victoria-street, Westminster. from a fleeting aphasia of five minutes’ duration in one case HEART AND AORTA to a week in another, but the average period of illness was THE CONDITION OF THE IN TABES DORSALIS. from 24 to 48 hours. In severe cases venesection was performed and excellent results followed. In cases which ended ALTHOUGH the text-books do not say much about the fatally there was no gross lesion or destruction of brain tissuecondition of the heart and the aorta in tabes dorsalis to account for the aphasia or hemiplegia, the only lesions there can be little doubt that important abnormal conditions affect these organs in the course of the disease pre.-ent being cerebral congestion and oedema. and especially in the early stages. In the Rerue Neuroloqigue of Oct. 30th last Dr. P. Arullani contributes the ATMOSPHERIC NITRATE. results of a number of observations made to elucidate THE nitrogen of the air is apt to be regarded as serving this point at the Neuro Pathological Laboratory of the Unithe mere purpose of a diluent poi-sessing no direct utility. versity of Turin. As the result of his investigations it When a method is discovered which succeeds in fixing this was shown that the heart and aorta of tabetic patients prenitrogen, converting it into ammonia or nitric acid for in- sented abnormal features and appearances in the majority of stance, we may wonder whether any appreciable effect upon cases, both during life and when verified by post-mortem the world’s supply will be apparent. After all the starting- examination. Tachycardia was generally present during life, point of nitrogenous compounds is atmospheric nitrogen, but the pulse-rate averaging from 90 to 100 beats per minute. natural processes by which the assimilation of nitrogen is Detailed and systematic examination of 68 cases of tabes brought about are slow. Thus if the soil depended upon a showed that in many there was increase of cardiac dulness ’flash of lightning creating nitrate for its source of fer- to the right of the upper part of the sternum, evidently tilisation it would be hopelessly barren. The action of signifying aortic dilatation. Aortic murmurs, says the lightning upon air is merely that of intense heat-the writer, were readily developed in these cases. The second nitrogen is raised to its combustion point, it burns, sound of the heart was accentuated, a systolic murmur Hence the was usually present, and when the patient made an effort .and nitrous or nitric acid is the result. rain of a thunderstorm contains nitric and nitrous acid a diastolic aortic murmur was developed. The heart was which form salts with the alkalies of the soil. Sir enfeebled and the radial tension was lowered. The latter, William Crookes, in his remarkable presidential address as measured by the sphygmometer of Riva-Itocei, registered to the British Association for the Advancement of from 100 to 122 degrees of pressure. When, however, science in 1898, suggested that the world’s supply of renal disease was present the blood pressure was heightened wheat would some day fall short owing to the lack of and in such cases, adds Dr. Arullani, carotid pulsation fer tilis ers. Taking a lesson from natural phenomena he was observed in the neck and there was little ’or no depresproposed to employ great natural forces, as for instance the sion in the right subclavicular fossa, both of these being Niagara Falls, for the production of electrical current of the indications of advanced aortitis. Premature arterio-sclerosis same intensity as lightning. The idea has been realised in with tortuous arteries about the temples and shoulders was practice and in the neighbourhood of the Niagara Falls met with in many tabetic patients aged from 20 tc 35 large quantities of nitrates are being made from the years. In 40 of the 68 cases which were studied symptoms air by burning its nitrogen in the presence of oxygen of aortitis were detected, this condition being more marked The in old-standing cases of tabes. in the intense temperature of the electric flame. This gave a proportion of importance of this achievement can hardly be estimated. 58 per cent. 77 per cent. of the patients had had syphilis, It promises to relieve us of all anxiety in regard to the but in 15 per cent. other causes of the tabes could be traced, failure of ordinary natural supplies of nitrogenous fertilisers. 1 THE !It usggests a solution of the food problem, but at the same ( LANCET, Nov. 15th, 1902, p. 1336.
Society
nflexe:", including those of the pupil, were normal. When time, while it promises plenty, oddly enough the method is asked questions-for instance, how she felt, her age, and obviously available for the manufacture of dynamic comthe number of her children-she tried to answer but could pounds and thus the materials for the supply of powerful But there are those who urge not find the necessary words and uttered irrelevant words or explosives would be infinite. meaningless sounds. When the correct answer was told to that such a state of things would insure peace. her she nodded approval. She could recognise objects shown but could not name them. On being shown a letter OBSTRUCTIONS TO BRIDLE PATHS. she evidently understood its contents but could not read it IN reference to our annotation on Public Footpaths and aloud. Voluntary writing was affected in the same way Bridle Pathswe have received the following communication aas speech ; words fhe wrote were grossly mis-spelt and "It may possibly be of use to your from a correspondent. formed meaningless phrases. 11 days later she had remedical correspondent who is interested in the preservation covered almost fully and speech, writing, and intelligence of bridle paths to know that a pamphlet entitled ’Footpaths were practically normal as before. There was some albuminand Commons and Parish and District Councils’ has been uria but no casts appeared in the urine. Evidently in written by Sir Robert Hunter, solicitor to the Post Office and this case, says Professor Riesman, there was an obstruction honorary solicitor to the Commons Preservatior formerly in the cortico-efferent tracts concerned with speech utterThe publishers are Cassell and Co., and the ance and writing. ’’ She was able to see and hear and to Society. 6d." The pamphlet referred to deals with the law formulate the ideas to which she desired to give expression price in regard to (1) footpaths, (2) roadside wastes, (3) but she could not exteriorise them " through the medium of and (4) village greens. The part relatiog to commons, speech and writing. A survey of all the 29 cases known contains a i-ection on the obstruction of footpaths footpaths gave 15 cases of aphasia without paralysis and 14 cases with some form of coexistent paralysis. As regards age four and on the legal remedies which may be taken to redress below were three were 21 and 30, four such grievances. The Commons and Footpaths Preservation between 20, patients has done a great deal of mo’t u-eful work for the between 31 and 40, eight between 4and 50, two between of open spaces and rights of way. and we should 51 and 60, six between 61 and 70, and two above 70 years. protection advise our original correspondent and all those who are Six patients were females and 23 were males. When the in such questions to communicate with the .di:ea e occurred in children it was the sequel of post-scar- interested of the society, the offices of which are at 25, secretary latinal nephritis. Word-blindness or word-deafness was quite uncommon in cases of uræmic aphasia. The duration varied Victoria-street, Westminster. from a fleeting aphasia of five minutes’ duration in one case HEART AND AORTA to a week in another, but the average period of illness was THE CONDITION OF THE IN TABES DORSALIS. from 24 to 48 hours. In severe cases venesection was performed and excellent results followed. In cases which ended ALTHOUGH the text-books do not say much about the fatally there was no gross lesion or destruction of brain tissuecondition of the heart and the aorta in tabes dorsalis to account for the aphasia or hemiplegia, the only lesions there can be little doubt that important abnormal conditions affect these organs in the course of the disease pre.-ent being cerebral congestion and oedema. and especially in the early stages. In the Rerue Neuroloqigue of Oct. 30th last Dr. P. Arullani contributes the ATMOSPHERIC NITRATE. results of a number of observations made to elucidate THE nitrogen of the air is apt to be regarded as serving this point at the Neuro Pathological Laboratory of the Unithe mere purpose of a diluent poi-sessing no direct utility. versity of Turin. As the result of his investigations it When a method is discovered which succeeds in fixing this was shown that the heart and aorta of tabetic patients prenitrogen, converting it into ammonia or nitric acid for in- sented abnormal features and appearances in the majority of stance, we may wonder whether any appreciable effect upon cases, both during life and when verified by post-mortem the world’s supply will be apparent. After all the starting- examination. Tachycardia was generally present during life, point of nitrogenous compounds is atmospheric nitrogen, but the pulse-rate averaging from 90 to 100 beats per minute. natural processes by which the assimilation of nitrogen is Detailed and systematic examination of 68 cases of tabes brought about are slow. Thus if the soil depended upon a showed that in many there was increase of cardiac dulness ’flash of lightning creating nitrate for its source of fer- to the right of the upper part of the sternum, evidently tilisation it would be hopelessly barren. The action of signifying aortic dilatation. Aortic murmurs, says the lightning upon air is merely that of intense heat-the writer, were readily developed in these cases. The second nitrogen is raised to its combustion point, it burns, sound of the heart was accentuated, a systolic murmur Hence the was usually present, and when the patient made an effort .and nitrous or nitric acid is the result. rain of a thunderstorm contains nitric and nitrous acid a diastolic aortic murmur was developed. The heart was which form salts with the alkalies of the soil. Sir enfeebled and the radial tension was lowered. The latter, William Crookes, in his remarkable presidential address as measured by the sphygmometer of Riva-Itocei, registered to the British Association for the Advancement of from 100 to 122 degrees of pressure. When, however, science in 1898, suggested that the world’s supply of renal disease was present the blood pressure was heightened wheat would some day fall short owing to the lack of and in such cases, adds Dr. Arullani, carotid pulsation fer tilis ers. Taking a lesson from natural phenomena he was observed in the neck and there was little ’or no depresproposed to employ great natural forces, as for instance the sion in the right subclavicular fossa, both of these being Niagara Falls, for the production of electrical current of the indications of advanced aortitis. Premature arterio-sclerosis same intensity as lightning. The idea has been realised in with tortuous arteries about the temples and shoulders was practice and in the neighbourhood of the Niagara Falls met with in many tabetic patients aged from 20 tc 35 large quantities of nitrates are being made from the years. In 40 of the 68 cases which were studied symptoms air by burning its nitrogen in the presence of oxygen of aortitis were detected, this condition being more marked The in old-standing cases of tabes. in the intense temperature of the electric flame. This gave a proportion of importance of this achievement can hardly be estimated. 58 per cent. 77 per cent. of the patients had had syphilis, It promises to relieve us of all anxiety in regard to the but in 15 per cent. other causes of the tabes could be traced, failure of ordinary natural supplies of nitrogenous fertilisers. 1 THE !It usggests a solution of the food problem, but at the same ( LANCET, Nov. 15th, 1902, p. 1336.
Society