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Atomic physics with highly-charged heavy ions at the GSI future facility: The scientific program of the SPARC collaboration
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research B 233 (2005) 28–30 www.elsevier.com/locate/nimb
Atomic physics with highly-charged heavy ions at the GSI future facility: The scientific program of the SPARC collaboration A. Gumberidze a,*, F. Bosch a, A. Bra¨uning-Demian a, S. Hagmann a, Th. Ku¨hl a, D. Liesen a, R. Schuch b, Th. Sto¨hlker a, for the SPARC Collaboration 1 a
GSI, Plankstr. 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany b Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden Available online 17 May 2005
Abstract The proposed new international accelerator Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) will open up exciting and far-reaching perspectives for atomic physics research in the realm of highly-charged heavy ions: it will provide the highest intensities of relativistic beams of both stable and unstable heavy nuclei. In combination with the strongest possible electromagnetic fields produced by the nuclear charge of the heaviest nuclei, this will allow to extend atomic spectroscopy up to the virtual limits of atomic matter. Based on the experience and results already achieved at the experimental storage ring (ESR), a substantial progress in atomic physics research has to be expected in this domain, due to a tremendous improvement of intensity, energy and production yield of both stable and unstable nuclei. 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. PACS: 01.52.+r; 13.40. f; 31.30.Jv Keywords: Heavy-ion accelerator; Highly-charged ions; Storage rings; Relativistic collisions
Atomic physics research using relativistic, highly-charged heavy-ion beams at the FAIR faci-
*
1
Corresponding author. E-mail address: [email protected] (A. Gumberidze). http://www-linux.gsi.de/~sparc/
lity can be associated mainly with three types of experimental studies: • The first type uses highly relativistic heavy ions for a wide range of collision studies that involve photons, electrons and atoms, and exploits the large Doppler boost and the rapidly varying
0168-583X/$ - see front matter 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.nimb.2005.03.082
A. Gumberidze et al. / Nucl. Instr. and Meth. in Phys. Res. B 233 (2005) 28–30
29
Fig. 1. Overview of the existing and planned accelerator facilities; locations of the future areas for atomic physics experiments are indicated: SIS100/300: laser cooling and spectroscopy using the Doppler boost in the rest frame of the counter-propagating ions. This is the subject of a separate Letter of Intent (LoI). High Energy Cave for AP/BP/MS: in this cave the experiments in atomic physics and applications in radiobiology, space and materials research with extracted beams from SIS12 or SIS100 will be performed. The investigation will concentrate on atomic structure and collision studies at moderate and high-relativistic energies as well as on irradiation of individual samples for biological or solid material research. NESR: a ‘‘second-generation’’ ESR with optimized features and novel experimental installations. It will be the workhorse for atomic physics experiments and will serve as an accumulator and storage/cooler-ring both for ions and antiprotons. AP Low-energy Cave/FLAIR Building: this building is devoted to experiments with decelerated, low-energetic ions and antiprotons. The experimental area will served by the NESR. In the building, different installations (e.g. the low-energy storage ring, LSR) are located and the ions can be actively slowed down, even to rest using the trap facility HITRAP.
electromagnetic fields in the reactions. An understanding of those relativistic collision phenomena, for example the e+e pair creation, is indispensable to all lines of research in highenergy atomic physics, including the interaction in solids (material research). • The second type uses high-energy beams for achieving high stages of ionization up to bare uranium nuclei. It focuses on structure studies for these ion species, a field still largely unexplored, but intimately connected to astrophysics. It allows for precision tests of quantum electrodynamics in extremely strong electromagnetic fields. Here, a precise determination of QED contributions to the binding energies in the heaviest one- and few-electron atoms, in particular to the 1s1/2 and 2s1/2 states, is of spe-
cial interest. For Li-like heavy ions, the direct excitation of the 2s–2p transition by Dopplerboosted, counter-propagating laser fields comes into reach at the new facility and will tremendously improve the achievable experimental precision. Since the Doppler boost in the rest frame of the counter-propagating ion amounts to about 2c (here c is the Lorenz factor), a direct excitation of the 2s–2p transition in Li-like uranium (E = 280 eV) could be achieved at SIS300 (c = 23). The latter option can also be exploited for an efficient laser cooling of fast, Li-like heavy ions. • The third type utilizes well-defined charge states of radioactive atoms for fundamental studies and model-independent determination of nuclear quantities by applying atomic physics
30
A. Gumberidze et al. / Nucl. Instr. and Meth. in Phys. Res. B 233 (2005) 28–30
methods such as collinear laser spectroscopy or Dielectronic Recombination. An important scenario for this class of experiments will be the slowing-down and trapping in atom or ion traps, of carefully chosen nuclei, which will enable high-accuracy experiments in atomic and nuclear physics as well as highly-sensitive tests of the Standard Model. This research will be conducted at the various experimental areas devoted to atomic physics at the future accelerator facility [1–4]. There, the new experimental storage ring (NESR) will serve as an accumulator and storage cooler-ring both for ions and antiprotons. Compared to all the other heavy-ion storage rings currently in operation or under construction, the NESR will be the most flexible one, providing intense beams up to bare uranium. New possibilities will be opened up by instrumentations such as a second electron target (in addition to an electron cooler) and an electron-ion collider. The intense beams of highly charged, radioactive ions and antiprotons enable novel types of experiments. A further important feature of the NESR is its capability to decelerate the heavy ions and antiprotons to beam energies of as low as 4 MeV/u for ions and 30 MeV for antiprotons, respectively. The interaction of the highly charged ions with matter will be investigated for a wide range of ion velocities in the new Atomic Physics Low-energy Cave located in the FLAIR (A Facility for Low-energy Antiproton and Ion Research) building (fixed target experiments) [5]. This experimental area will be connected to the NESR and is devoted to the physics with fast- or slow-extracted ions. In the different installations located inside the FLAIR building, the ions can be
actively slowed down, even to rest, a prerequisite for precision studies using the trap facility HITRAP (Heavy Ion TRAP) [6]. The HITRAP facility will allow to capture high yields of any element up to bare uranium. The experiments in atomic physics and applications in radiobiology, space and materials research with extracted beams from SIS12 or SIS100 will be performed in the new ‘‘High-energy Atomic Physics Cave’’ (Fig. 1). The investigation will concentrate on atomic structure and collision studies at moderate and high-relativistic energies as well as on irradiation of individual samples for biological or solid material research. For more detailed information about the SPARC collaboration, you may download the Letter of Intent for Atomic Physics Experiments and Installations at the International F A I R Facility from the SPARC web page [4]: we like to emphasize, that this Letter of Intent reflects the current status of the physics discussion of the atomic physics community and is still open for any additional ideas.
References [1] W.F. Henning (Ed.), Internal Accelerator Facility for Beams of Ions and Antiprotons, GSI-Darmstadt, November 2001 (http://www.gsi.de/GSI-Future/cdr/). [2] H. Backe, GSI Workshop on its Future Facility, 18–20 October 2000. [3] Th. Sto¨hlker, H. Backe, H.F. Beyer, F. Bosch, A. Bra¨uning-Demian, S. Hagmann, D.C. Ionescu, K. Jungmann, H.-J. Kluge, C. Kozhuharov, Th. Ku¨hl, D. Liesen, R. Mann, W. Quint, Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B 205 (2003) 156. [4] http://www-linux.gsi.de/~sparc/. [5] http://www-linux.gsi.de/~flair/. [6] Th. Beier et al. (Eds), HITRAP Technical Design Report, GSI, Darmstadt, 2003. Available from.
Atomic physics with highly-charged heavy ions at the GSI future facility: The scientific program of the SPARC collaboration A. Gumberidze a,*, F. Bosch a, A. Bra¨uning-Demian a, S. Hagmann a, Th. Ku¨hl a, D. Liesen a, R. Schuch b, Th. Sto¨hlker a, for the SPARC Collaboration 1 a
GSI, Plankstr. 1, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany b Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden Available online 17 May 2005
Abstract The proposed new international accelerator Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) will open up exciting and far-reaching perspectives for atomic physics research in the realm of highly-charged heavy ions: it will provide the highest intensities of relativistic beams of both stable and unstable heavy nuclei. In combination with the strongest possible electromagnetic fields produced by the nuclear charge of the heaviest nuclei, this will allow to extend atomic spectroscopy up to the virtual limits of atomic matter. Based on the experience and results already achieved at the experimental storage ring (ESR), a substantial progress in atomic physics research has to be expected in this domain, due to a tremendous improvement of intensity, energy and production yield of both stable and unstable nuclei. 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. PACS: 01.52.+r; 13.40. f; 31.30.Jv Keywords: Heavy-ion accelerator; Highly-charged ions; Storage rings; Relativistic collisions
Atomic physics research using relativistic, highly-charged heavy-ion beams at the FAIR faci-
*
1
Corresponding author. E-mail address: [email protected] (A. Gumberidze). http://www-linux.gsi.de/~sparc/
lity can be associated mainly with three types of experimental studies: • The first type uses highly relativistic heavy ions for a wide range of collision studies that involve photons, electrons and atoms, and exploits the large Doppler boost and the rapidly varying
0168-583X/$ - see front matter 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.nimb.2005.03.082
A. Gumberidze et al. / Nucl. Instr. and Meth. in Phys. Res. B 233 (2005) 28–30
29
Fig. 1. Overview of the existing and planned accelerator facilities; locations of the future areas for atomic physics experiments are indicated: SIS100/300: laser cooling and spectroscopy using the Doppler boost in the rest frame of the counter-propagating ions. This is the subject of a separate Letter of Intent (LoI). High Energy Cave for AP/BP/MS: in this cave the experiments in atomic physics and applications in radiobiology, space and materials research with extracted beams from SIS12 or SIS100 will be performed. The investigation will concentrate on atomic structure and collision studies at moderate and high-relativistic energies as well as on irradiation of individual samples for biological or solid material research. NESR: a ‘‘second-generation’’ ESR with optimized features and novel experimental installations. It will be the workhorse for atomic physics experiments and will serve as an accumulator and storage/cooler-ring both for ions and antiprotons. AP Low-energy Cave/FLAIR Building: this building is devoted to experiments with decelerated, low-energetic ions and antiprotons. The experimental area will served by the NESR. In the building, different installations (e.g. the low-energy storage ring, LSR) are located and the ions can be actively slowed down, even to rest using the trap facility HITRAP.
electromagnetic fields in the reactions. An understanding of those relativistic collision phenomena, for example the e+e pair creation, is indispensable to all lines of research in highenergy atomic physics, including the interaction in solids (material research). • The second type uses high-energy beams for achieving high stages of ionization up to bare uranium nuclei. It focuses on structure studies for these ion species, a field still largely unexplored, but intimately connected to astrophysics. It allows for precision tests of quantum electrodynamics in extremely strong electromagnetic fields. Here, a precise determination of QED contributions to the binding energies in the heaviest one- and few-electron atoms, in particular to the 1s1/2 and 2s1/2 states, is of spe-
cial interest. For Li-like heavy ions, the direct excitation of the 2s–2p transition by Dopplerboosted, counter-propagating laser fields comes into reach at the new facility and will tremendously improve the achievable experimental precision. Since the Doppler boost in the rest frame of the counter-propagating ion amounts to about 2c (here c is the Lorenz factor), a direct excitation of the 2s–2p transition in Li-like uranium (E = 280 eV) could be achieved at SIS300 (c = 23). The latter option can also be exploited for an efficient laser cooling of fast, Li-like heavy ions. • The third type utilizes well-defined charge states of radioactive atoms for fundamental studies and model-independent determination of nuclear quantities by applying atomic physics
30
A. Gumberidze et al. / Nucl. Instr. and Meth. in Phys. Res. B 233 (2005) 28–30
methods such as collinear laser spectroscopy or Dielectronic Recombination. An important scenario for this class of experiments will be the slowing-down and trapping in atom or ion traps, of carefully chosen nuclei, which will enable high-accuracy experiments in atomic and nuclear physics as well as highly-sensitive tests of the Standard Model. This research will be conducted at the various experimental areas devoted to atomic physics at the future accelerator facility [1–4]. There, the new experimental storage ring (NESR) will serve as an accumulator and storage cooler-ring both for ions and antiprotons. Compared to all the other heavy-ion storage rings currently in operation or under construction, the NESR will be the most flexible one, providing intense beams up to bare uranium. New possibilities will be opened up by instrumentations such as a second electron target (in addition to an electron cooler) and an electron-ion collider. The intense beams of highly charged, radioactive ions and antiprotons enable novel types of experiments. A further important feature of the NESR is its capability to decelerate the heavy ions and antiprotons to beam energies of as low as 4 MeV/u for ions and 30 MeV for antiprotons, respectively. The interaction of the highly charged ions with matter will be investigated for a wide range of ion velocities in the new Atomic Physics Low-energy Cave located in the FLAIR (A Facility for Low-energy Antiproton and Ion Research) building (fixed target experiments) [5]. This experimental area will be connected to the NESR and is devoted to the physics with fast- or slow-extracted ions. In the different installations located inside the FLAIR building, the ions can be
actively slowed down, even to rest, a prerequisite for precision studies using the trap facility HITRAP (Heavy Ion TRAP) [6]. The HITRAP facility will allow to capture high yields of any element up to bare uranium. The experiments in atomic physics and applications in radiobiology, space and materials research with extracted beams from SIS12 or SIS100 will be performed in the new ‘‘High-energy Atomic Physics Cave’’ (Fig. 1). The investigation will concentrate on atomic structure and collision studies at moderate and high-relativistic energies as well as on irradiation of individual samples for biological or solid material research. For more detailed information about the SPARC collaboration, you may download the Letter of Intent for Atomic Physics Experiments and Installations at the International F A I R Facility from the SPARC web page [4]: we like to emphasize, that this Letter of Intent reflects the current status of the physics discussion of the atomic physics community and is still open for any additional ideas.
References [1] W.F. Henning (Ed.), Internal Accelerator Facility for Beams of Ions and Antiprotons, GSI-Darmstadt, November 2001 (http://www.gsi.de/GSI-Future/cdr/). [2] H. Backe, GSI Workshop on its Future Facility, 18–20 October 2000. [3] Th. Sto¨hlker, H. Backe, H.F. Beyer, F. Bosch, A. Bra¨uning-Demian, S. Hagmann, D.C. Ionescu, K. Jungmann, H.-J. Kluge, C. Kozhuharov, Th. Ku¨hl, D. Liesen, R. Mann, W. Quint, Nucl. Instr. and Meth. B 205 (2003) 156. [4] http://www-linux.gsi.de/~sparc/. [5] http://www-linux.gsi.de/~flair/. [6] Th. Beier et al. (Eds), HITRAP Technical Design Report, GSI, Darmstadt, 2003. Available from