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Attitudes towards illness, antipsychotic medication and compliance in outpatients with schizophrenia
P2 Psychotic disorders and antipsychotics Fahrenberg and M. Myrtek (Eds.), Ambulatory assessment: Computer-assissted psychological and psychophysiological methods in monitoring and field studies (pp. 5 167). Seattle: Hogrefe and Huber Publishers. [Z] Pawlik, K., Buse, L. (1996). Verhaltensbeobachtong in Labor und Feld. In K. Pawlik (Ed.), Enzyklopiidie der Psychologie: Differentielle Psychologie und Pers6nlichkeitsforschung: Band 1. Grundlagen und Methoden der Differentiellen Psychologie (S. 359-394). Giittingen: Hogrefe. [3] Perrez, M., Homer, M. (1997). L’auto-observation du stress au niveau familia au moyen d’un ordinateur de poche. European Review of Applied Psychology, 47, 149-154.
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Comparison of efficacy of clozapine, sulpiride, chlorpromazine and haloperidol in chronic schizophrenic patients therapy
B. Cogar, S. Candansayar, E. Taner, E. Igik. Gazi University School of Medicine, Psychiatry Department, Ankara, Turkey There are many efforts to find out how to manage with chronic schizophrenia symptoms and many antipsychotics with different mechanism of action are marketed and used. Many investigations regarding their effects have been informed but still there is no consensus on which of them is the best acting in schizophrenic patients. Aim of this study was to compare he efficacy of clozapine, sulpiride, chlorpromazine and haloperidol in the treatment of chronic schizophrenia. 120 patients diagnosed as chronic schizophrenia according to DSM - IV diagnostic criterias were given randomly these four group antipsychotics. Each group consisted of 40 patients. Avarage dose of clozapine, haloperidol, sulpiride and chlorpromazine was 462.661 mg/day, 34.75 mg/day, 696 mg/day and 454 mg/day respectively. In order to see their antipsychotic efficacy, patients were evaluated by using Brief Psychiatric Raiting Scale (BPRS) on the O., l., 30., 60. and 90* day of the treatment and the differences between the scores of BPRS for each treatment group was evaluated by using anova method. To find out the group causing the difference, Sheffe analysis was used in the SPSS package program. All of the four antipsychotics used in this study had an antipsychotic efficacy during the 90 day of the treatment. But comparing the groups, the most efficient results were obtained in the clozapine group, whereas the sulpiride group was the second efficient one and chlorpromazin and haloperidol had an equal antipsychotic effects. (p < 0.01) Clozapine and sulpiride are antipsychotic drugs, showing different mechanism of action then chlorpromazine and haloperidol. Their different mechanism of actions are generally cause them to be more effective then classical antipsychotics in the treatment of schizophrenic symptoms.
IP.2.1001
The influence of pernazine on EEG in schizophrenic patients
W. Jemajczyk, A. Wierzbicka, A.J. Wichniak, J. Antczak, E. Szatkowska, K. Czasak. Institute of Psychiahy and Neurology, Student Research Group ‘Sentinel’: Warsaw, Poland More than 80% of psychiatric patients undergo EEG examination during treatment with psychotropic medicines. The influence of psychotropic drugs on EEG is dependent on the changes of certain factors such as individual sensitivity, time of treatment and dosage of medicine. The most important is the specificity of action of the drug. The influence on EEG of phenothizines with piperazine alkyl side chains is considered as neuroleptic action (Borenstein et al. 1974, Itil 1982). The purpose of this study was to evidence the abnormalities of EEG in patients with paranoid schizophrenia and the relationship between therapy with perazine and changes of EEG in these patients. 236 routine EEG recordings if patients with paranoid schizophrenia (diagnosed according to ICD 10 criteria) were analvsed (1996-1998). This group included22 patients treated ‘with polythkrapy‘(35 yrs), 81 patients treated with monotherapy (34.1 yrs) and 65 non-medicated patients (34.7 yrs). Localisation and intensity of the changes of EEG activity was evaluated in each of these groups. The numbers of normal
S287
recordings was compared with these of changed EEG activity within each group, using CHI2-test. The abnormalities of EEG were found in 29.2% untreated patients and 52.2% patients, who underwent pharmacotherapy. The amount of changes of EEG found in group treated with polytherapy was higher than in that, treated with monotherapy, 5 1.2% in group treated with perazine only and 55.1% in the group treated with polytherapy. The majority of EEG changes occurred in occipital regions of the brain. Many EEG recordings showed generalised changes. The significant changes were found between groups treated and untreated (p < O.OOl), treated with perazine only and untreated (p < 0.005) and treated with polytherapy and untreated (p < 0.003). The results indicate that perazine strongly changes EEG. The highest percentage of abnormalities in EEG show patients treated with perazine in polytherapy. References
[ 1]
Borenstein P, Cujo P (1974) Effects of In Psychotropic drugs and EEG’Modem 8 ed T.M. Itil, pp l-21 Basel: Krager. [2] Itil T.M. (1982) Psychotropic drugs cephalography eds. Niederrneyer E., Schwarzenberg,
Ip.2.1011
major tranquilizers on the resting EEG. problems of pharmacopsychiahy, vol. and the Human EEG. In ElectroenL. da Silva F., 499-513 Urban and
Attitudes towards illness, antipsychotic medication and compliance in outpatients with schizophrenia
M. Rettenbacher-Oehl, M. Hummer, U. Eder, A. Hofer, G. Kemmler, I. Kurzthaler, E. WeiB, W.W. Fleischhacker. Department of Biological Psychiatv, University Clinics Innsbruck, Austria Despite the fact that many effective antipsychotic drugs are available, the relapse rate in schizohrenic patients remains to be high. One major reason for this is non-compliance. Though numerous reports deal with this topic, little is known about how the attitudes of patients and their social environment towards the disorder and antipsychotic medication influence compliance. We report on a study dealing with these issues. Study inclusion criteria are: age between 18 and 68, ICD 10 diagnosis of schizophrenic disorder for at least one year, discharge from an inpatient ward at least six weeks ago. The following scales were used to assess psychopathology and side effects: PANSS (Positive and Negative Symptome Scale), St. Hans Rating Scale, UKU (Udvalg for Klinske Undersogelser) and Hillside Akathisia Scale. To assess compliance we used a structured compliance interview. So far 32 patients have been investigated. Preliminary results show, that 59% of the patients rated themselves to be compliant, 15% said to have missed their medication sometimes, 25% admitted to have taken their medication unregularly. 22% of the patients have been advised by others not to take their antipsychotic medication. All patients were regularly asked by medical professionals and only a few by their relatives whether they took their medication. Furthermore, only one third of the patients would recommend their medication to others. Surprisingly we found that patients estimate other illnesses (such as diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, epilepsy) to be worse than schizophrenia.
Ip.2.1021
An open-label study of olanzapine Pervasive Development Disorder
in children with
C. Kemner’ , H. van Engeland’ , H. Tuymnan-Qua’. ‘Dept. of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Utrecht Universi@ Hospital, Utrecht; ‘Eli Lilly, The Netherlands The effects of 1.25-20 mg/d olanzapine on negative symptomatology in children with Pervasive Developmental Disorder (PDD), and possible (extrapyramidal) adverse events were studied in a three-month openlabel study of 23 children with a diagnosis of PDD. Age of the children
-1
Comparison of efficacy of clozapine, sulpiride, chlorpromazine and haloperidol in chronic schizophrenic patients therapy
B. Cogar, S. Candansayar, E. Taner, E. Igik. Gazi University School of Medicine, Psychiatry Department, Ankara, Turkey There are many efforts to find out how to manage with chronic schizophrenia symptoms and many antipsychotics with different mechanism of action are marketed and used. Many investigations regarding their effects have been informed but still there is no consensus on which of them is the best acting in schizophrenic patients. Aim of this study was to compare he efficacy of clozapine, sulpiride, chlorpromazine and haloperidol in the treatment of chronic schizophrenia. 120 patients diagnosed as chronic schizophrenia according to DSM - IV diagnostic criterias were given randomly these four group antipsychotics. Each group consisted of 40 patients. Avarage dose of clozapine, haloperidol, sulpiride and chlorpromazine was 462.661 mg/day, 34.75 mg/day, 696 mg/day and 454 mg/day respectively. In order to see their antipsychotic efficacy, patients were evaluated by using Brief Psychiatric Raiting Scale (BPRS) on the O., l., 30., 60. and 90* day of the treatment and the differences between the scores of BPRS for each treatment group was evaluated by using anova method. To find out the group causing the difference, Sheffe analysis was used in the SPSS package program. All of the four antipsychotics used in this study had an antipsychotic efficacy during the 90 day of the treatment. But comparing the groups, the most efficient results were obtained in the clozapine group, whereas the sulpiride group was the second efficient one and chlorpromazin and haloperidol had an equal antipsychotic effects. (p < 0.01) Clozapine and sulpiride are antipsychotic drugs, showing different mechanism of action then chlorpromazine and haloperidol. Their different mechanism of actions are generally cause them to be more effective then classical antipsychotics in the treatment of schizophrenic symptoms.
IP.2.1001
The influence of pernazine on EEG in schizophrenic patients
W. Jemajczyk, A. Wierzbicka, A.J. Wichniak, J. Antczak, E. Szatkowska, K. Czasak. Institute of Psychiahy and Neurology, Student Research Group ‘Sentinel’: Warsaw, Poland More than 80% of psychiatric patients undergo EEG examination during treatment with psychotropic medicines. The influence of psychotropic drugs on EEG is dependent on the changes of certain factors such as individual sensitivity, time of treatment and dosage of medicine. The most important is the specificity of action of the drug. The influence on EEG of phenothizines with piperazine alkyl side chains is considered as neuroleptic action (Borenstein et al. 1974, Itil 1982). The purpose of this study was to evidence the abnormalities of EEG in patients with paranoid schizophrenia and the relationship between therapy with perazine and changes of EEG in these patients. 236 routine EEG recordings if patients with paranoid schizophrenia (diagnosed according to ICD 10 criteria) were analvsed (1996-1998). This group included22 patients treated ‘with polythkrapy‘(35 yrs), 81 patients treated with monotherapy (34.1 yrs) and 65 non-medicated patients (34.7 yrs). Localisation and intensity of the changes of EEG activity was evaluated in each of these groups. The numbers of normal
S287
recordings was compared with these of changed EEG activity within each group, using CHI2-test. The abnormalities of EEG were found in 29.2% untreated patients and 52.2% patients, who underwent pharmacotherapy. The amount of changes of EEG found in group treated with polytherapy was higher than in that, treated with monotherapy, 5 1.2% in group treated with perazine only and 55.1% in the group treated with polytherapy. The majority of EEG changes occurred in occipital regions of the brain. Many EEG recordings showed generalised changes. The significant changes were found between groups treated and untreated (p < O.OOl), treated with perazine only and untreated (p < 0.005) and treated with polytherapy and untreated (p < 0.003). The results indicate that perazine strongly changes EEG. The highest percentage of abnormalities in EEG show patients treated with perazine in polytherapy. References
[ 1]
Borenstein P, Cujo P (1974) Effects of In Psychotropic drugs and EEG’Modem 8 ed T.M. Itil, pp l-21 Basel: Krager. [2] Itil T.M. (1982) Psychotropic drugs cephalography eds. Niederrneyer E., Schwarzenberg,
Ip.2.1011
major tranquilizers on the resting EEG. problems of pharmacopsychiahy, vol. and the Human EEG. In ElectroenL. da Silva F., 499-513 Urban and
Attitudes towards illness, antipsychotic medication and compliance in outpatients with schizophrenia
M. Rettenbacher-Oehl, M. Hummer, U. Eder, A. Hofer, G. Kemmler, I. Kurzthaler, E. WeiB, W.W. Fleischhacker. Department of Biological Psychiatv, University Clinics Innsbruck, Austria Despite the fact that many effective antipsychotic drugs are available, the relapse rate in schizohrenic patients remains to be high. One major reason for this is non-compliance. Though numerous reports deal with this topic, little is known about how the attitudes of patients and their social environment towards the disorder and antipsychotic medication influence compliance. We report on a study dealing with these issues. Study inclusion criteria are: age between 18 and 68, ICD 10 diagnosis of schizophrenic disorder for at least one year, discharge from an inpatient ward at least six weeks ago. The following scales were used to assess psychopathology and side effects: PANSS (Positive and Negative Symptome Scale), St. Hans Rating Scale, UKU (Udvalg for Klinske Undersogelser) and Hillside Akathisia Scale. To assess compliance we used a structured compliance interview. So far 32 patients have been investigated. Preliminary results show, that 59% of the patients rated themselves to be compliant, 15% said to have missed their medication sometimes, 25% admitted to have taken their medication unregularly. 22% of the patients have been advised by others not to take their antipsychotic medication. All patients were regularly asked by medical professionals and only a few by their relatives whether they took their medication. Furthermore, only one third of the patients would recommend their medication to others. Surprisingly we found that patients estimate other illnesses (such as diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, epilepsy) to be worse than schizophrenia.
Ip.2.1021
An open-label study of olanzapine Pervasive Development Disorder
in children with
C. Kemner’ , H. van Engeland’ , H. Tuymnan-Qua’. ‘Dept. of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Utrecht Universi@ Hospital, Utrecht; ‘Eli Lilly, The Netherlands The effects of 1.25-20 mg/d olanzapine on negative symptomatology in children with Pervasive Developmental Disorder (PDD), and possible (extrapyramidal) adverse events were studied in a three-month openlabel study of 23 children with a diagnosis of PDD. Age of the children