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Author index, subject index
PROGRESS IN QUANTUM ELECTRONICS An International Review Journal Volume 16
Executive Editor P. T. LANDSBERG
Editors P. L. GOULD W. KAISER M. JANOSSY
PERGAMON
PRESS
OXFORD - NEW YORK - SEOUL - TOKYO
Executive Professor
P. T. Landsberg,
University
North
of Southampton,
American
Professor New
Editor: of Mathematical
Highfield,
Studies,
SOUTHAMPTON,
SO9
5NH.
U.K.
Editor:
M. Osiriski,
Mexico,
Faculty
Center for High
ALBUQUERQUE,
NM
Technology
87131-6081.
Materials.
University
of
U.S.A.
Authors are invited to submit papers to the editors for approval
@ 1994 Elsevier Science Ltd
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Progress
CONTENTS Theoretical Methods in Quantum Optics: S-Matrix and Keldysh Techniques for Strong-Field Processes H. R. REISS A New Theoretical Approach for the Quantum Well Semiconductor G. W. TAYLOR
of Waveguides
Book Review Quantum Magnetotransport D. K. FERRY
73
135
QED of Resonators in Quantum Optics L. KNOLL and D.-G. WELSCH The Use of Quantum Mechanics in the Treatment N. MARINESCU
Laser
1
183
249
in Lateral Surface Superlattices
251
Author Index
i
Subject Index
xi
Contents of Previous Volumes
xv
Aberg, T. 34,58 Abrahams, M. S. 76 Abram, I. 142, 143, 175 Abranyos, Y. 64 Ackerhalt, J. R. 63 Adams, A. R. 84 Adams, N. I. 185 Adduci, F. 26 Aganval, G. S. 136, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143 Agostini, P. 11, 47 Agrawal, G. P. 117, 129 Agullo-Rueda, F. 259 Aharonov, Y. 5 Ahmed, H. 261,284, 287,289,304, 305 Akers, L. A. 311 Allen, L. 139 &,I__ cJ. J. 1 I,_\ Auen, (Jr, ace ‘2‘ Allergrini, M. 27, 32, 47 Allis, W. P. 192, 199 Alphenaar, B. W. 276,277. 281 Alsing, P. 139 Alsmeier, J. 263, 277, 283 Altshuler, B. L. 306 Alves, E. S. 256,292,293, 294,295,2%, 297 Ammosov, M. V. 27,41.42 An, S. 136 Anderson, A. 137, 138 Ando, T. 305 Andrekson, P. A. 104, 124, 127, 128, 129 Andrews, D. 261 Antoniadis, D. A. 253, 254, 284, 287 Antunes-Neto, H. S. 63 Apostol, M. 238 Arakawa, Y. 76, 104 Amoldus, H. F. 140 Amot, H. 264,270 Ashcroft, N. W. 255 Aspect, A. 140 Assenat, P. 113 Athale, R. A. 76 Atwater, H. A. 215 Augst, S. 26, 27, 34, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42,49, 50, 51, 52 Averin, D. V. 273 Axelrod, D. 138 Azbel, M. Ya. 260 Babu, Toshihiko 76 Baawell. P. F. 253 Ba&, J: 140 Bakshi, P. 310 Baldwin, K. G. H. 12 Baldy, M. 113 Barbier, E. 281, 283 Bardfield, R. S. 38. 49. 50. 51 Barker, J. R. 276 Bamchaim. N. 126 Barnett, S..M. 140, 174 Barrow, W. L. 185 Barton, G. 137
Barut, A. 0. 12, 21 Baseia, B. 141, 156 Bashkansky, M. 26,34,38,46,47,48, 49, 52 Basile, S. 52 Basov, N. G. 26 Bassani, F. 22 Bastard. G. 269 Bate, R: T. 252 Batke, E. 252 Baumberg, J. J. 174 Beaumont, S. P. 256,265, 292, 293,294, 295, 296,297 Becker, W. 27 Beenakker, C. W. J. 276, 277,278, 281,290, 292.293 BeliC, M. R. 140 _ *. r aeunrante, F. J. 5 Belk, N. R. 276 Belk, P. A. 276 Belov, A. A. 138 Ben-Arveh, Y. 136. 175 Ben-Michael, R. 114 Bemardot. F. 139 Bemstein,‘G. 253, 254, 270, 278, 280, 298, 306 Bers, A. 192, 199 Berthold, G. 256,265,279,299, 300,301 Bertolotti, M. 140 Bethe, H. A. 18, 37, 59, 211, 228 Beton, P. H. 256, 292, 293, 294, 295, 2%, 297 Bevensee, R. M. 217 Bhat, R. 109 Bialynicki-Birula, I. 142 Binsma, J. J. M. 7, 76, 84, 117 Biondi, M. A. 228 Bimbaum, G. 228 Bjiirk, G. 136, 138 Bjorken, J. D. 12, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20, 32, 59,67 Blatt, J. M. 190 Blick, L. 261 Bloembergen, N. 174 Boersh, H. 5 Bohm, D. 5,190,244 Biihm, G. 256, 265,279, 299,300,301 Bolton, F. 268 Bondurant, R. S. 136 Bordag, M. 137 Boreham, B. W. 11, 26 Borgnis, F. F. 185, 228 Bowers, J. E. 76, 115 Boyer, K. 39 Branin, F. H. 228 n-n..” = UI~UII, L. 261 Brecha, R. J. 136, 139 Brendel, J. 140 Brey, L. 276 Brillouin, L. 185, 217 Brinkop, F. 253,269,292 Broekaart, M. E. I. 273, 271, 275, 276,286 Broido, D. A. 268,310 Brojan, J. B. 142 Brown, L. S. 7, 12, 26, 27, 37
ii
AUTHOR INDEX
Brown, S. C. 228 Brum, J. A. 264, 269, 270. 271. 272. 278 Brune, M. 139, 140 ’ Brunei, F. 4. 11. 46. 47. 49. 50. 61 Bryant; H. C.’ 4’ ’ ’ ’ Bucksbaum, P. H. 10, 26, 34, 38, 46, 47, 48, 49, 52 Bulle-Lieuwma, C. W. T. 76 Bulloueh. R. K. 139 Burkh&, M. 284, 287 Burks, A. W. 311 Burnett, N. H. 4, 8, 11, 12, 46,47, 49, 50, 52, 61 Bumham, G. T. 45 Burrus, C. A. 80, 124 Buschbaum, S. J. 192, 199 Butler, J. K. 102, 105 Biittiker, M. 289 Buyk, Oja 276 BuZek, V. 139 Campbell, E. M. 27, 34, 38,39, 49, 51, 52 Campos, R. A. 140 Candelas, P. 137, 174 Capron, B. A. 136 Carcemac, F. 298 Carmichael, H. J. 139. 140, 166 Camiglia, 6. K. 137, 142 Carson. J. R. 185 Carter,‘!% J. 175 Casey, H. C., Jr. 102 Casimir, H. B. G. 137 Catalano, I. M. 26 Caves, C. M. 136, 175 Chakravarty, S. 283 Chamberlid, R. 278, 298, 306 Chambers. R. G. 5 Chang, L.‘L. 251, 252, 264, 270 Chang De Gong 138 Chatterjee, S. K. 228 Chavance, P. 201 Chen. C. K. 138 Chen; T. R. 104, 115 Chen, W. 284,287, 289 Chen, Y. 284 Chew, G. F. 13 Chiccoli, C. 37 Chieu, W. Z. 185 Childs, J. J. 137, 138 Chin, S. L. 4, 10, 11, 26, 27, 34, 38, 39, 40,41, 42, 49, 50, 51, 52, 68 Ching Tsung Lee 136 Ching, S. C. 138 Chl, E. L. 217 Cho. A. Y. 76. 120 Choi, C. K. 25 Choi, H. K. 114, 115, 116 Choi, K. K. 261 Chu, J. L. 185, 230 Chu, P. 301 Chu, S. H. G. 115 Chu, S. I. 65 Chu, W. 253, 254
Chun-Rang Fu 138 Cingolani,A. 26 Claisse, P. R. 113 Clark, C. W. 8, 12, 30, 32, 44, 47, 52, 60 Clark. D. E. 197 Clara; F. H. 284 Cohen, E. 175 Cohen, S. 4 Cohen-Tannoudji, C. 136, 266 Coldren, L. A. 84, 95 Cole, T. 252 Coleman, J. P. 12 Collett, M. J. 140, 172, 173 Collin, R. E. 185, 200, 215 Collins, L. A. 65 Condon, E. U. 185 Cook, R. J. 137, 139, 140, 174 Cooke, P. W. 113 Copeland, J. A. 80, 124 Copper, J. 65 Corkum, P. B. 4, 11, 26, 39, 46, 47, 49, 50, 61 Cotzine, S. W. 84,95 Craig, D. P. 147 Cremoux, B. D. 113 Crescentini, L. 138, 155, 175 Cresser, J. D. 141, 143, 152, 155 Crouch, D. D. 175 Cummings, F. W. 139 Dagenais, M. 136 Dahl, C. 269,276, 277,292 Dalton, B. J. 136 Darwin, C. G. 268 Dattoli, G. 37 Davidovich, L. 63, 140 Davies, G. J. 261 Davison, M. 256, 293, 294 De Aeuiar. F. M. 278 De B&glie., L. 190 De Martini, F. 137, 138, 139, 155, 175 De Oliveira. F. A. M. 136 De Voe, R. G. 136 De Witt. B. S. 5 Debuisschert, T. 136 Dellow, M. W. 256, 292,293,294 DeLone. N. B. 27.41.42 Demel, T. 256, 263,264 Demmerle, W. 265, 299, 300, 301 Dempsey, J. 276 Den Nijs, M. 260, 281 Denker. J. S. 140 Dentai,‘A. G. 80, 124 Derry, P. L. 113 Deruelle, T. 283 Deutsch, I. H. 176 DeWaard, P. J. 84 Diedrich, F. 140 DiMauro. L. P. 38. 46. 47. 48 Dingle, R. 251 Dirac, P. A. M. 18 DiSalvo, F. 251 Dlugatch, I. 233 Doctor. D. P. 113
AUTHOR INDEX Doehler, 0. 217 Donahue, J. B. 4 Dongen, T. V. 76, 84 Donkersloot, H. C. 276 D&r, M. 52 Drell, S. D. 12, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20, 32, 59, 67 Drexhage, K. H. 137 Drexler, H. 265 Drummond, P. D. 136, 174, 175 Dubrovski, Yu. V. 52, 53 Duchemin, J. P. 113 Duff, M. J. B. 311 Duma, M. 219 Dupertuis, M. 140 Dutta, N. K. 76, 117, 120, 129 Eaves, L. 256,292, 293,294 Eberly, J. H. 7, 8, 11, 12, 32, 40, 49, 52, 65, 66, 139 Eden, R. J. 13 Egger, H. 4, 11, 26, 39 Ekert, A. K. 136, 140 Emde, F. 231 Endo, J. 5 Eng, L. F. 104, 115 Enelert. B.-G. 140 English; J. H. 269 Ensslin, K. 256, 283 Epstein, A. J. 251 Esaki, L. 251,252, 259, 264, 270 Ettiene, B. 298 Ettmiiller, W. 299, 300, 301 Evaldsson, P. A. 85 Fabre, C. 136 Fabre, M. 11 Faisal, F. H. M. 5, 6, 12, 25, 26, 43, 44 Fallieros, S. 20 Fang, F. F. 284, 297 Fearn, H. 140 Fedorov, M. V. 8, 12. 52. 53 Fekete, D. 114 Feld, M. S. 137, 138 Feng, X.-P. 141, 175 Fermi, E. 64 Ferrante. G. 52 Ferry, D: K. 252,253,254,256,259,270,276, 278, 280,281,283, 298, 301,305,306,308, 310, 311 Feshbach, H. 238 Feynman, R. P. 102 Filipowicz, P. 140 Fischer, R. J. 76, 120 Fleischhauer. M. 140. 174 Fleischmann, R. 304 ’ Floquet, G. 65 Florez, L. T. 76 Fock, V. 268 Fokkink, L. G. J. 276 Ford, G. W. 25, 138, 140 Forney, J. J. 22 Forrest, S. R. 75
.. IU
Fowler, A. B. 264, 270 Fowler, H. A. 5 Fox, R. A. 45 Foxman, E. B. 272, 274,275,276, 281 Foxton, C. T. 273, 271, 272, 274, 275, 276, 277, 278,279, 281,286 Franeau, J. 228 Frautschi, S. C. 13 Freeman, R. R. 26, 34, 38, 46, 47, 48 Friar, J. L. 20 Fried, Z. 22 Frost, J. E. F. 284,287, 289, 304, 305 Fukushima, T. 76, 115
Gallagher, T. F. 9, 11, 62 Gamow, G. 42 Gardiner, C. W. 138, 140, 166, 170, 173 Garito, A. F. 251 Garrison, J. C. 176 Gavrila, M. 8, 12, 25, 44, 52, 57 Gea-Benacloche, J. 141, 159 Geiger, R. H. 228 Geisel, T. 304 George, Th. F. 137, 139, 140 Gerhardts, R. 260, 263,289, 290,291,292, 293 Giacobino, E. 136 Giannessi, L. 37 Gillner. L. 136 Girard,‘C. H. 138 Girvin, S. M. 280 Glauber, R. J. 142, 146, 152 Goggin, M. E. 137 Gold, A. 45 Goldberg, P. 176 Goldberger, M. L. 12 Gol’dman. I. I. 12.26. 28. 42 Goldstein; L. 228 ’ ~’ Goodman, J. W. 76 Goodnick, S. M. 252 Goppert-Mayer, M. 28 Gordon, W. 5, 26, 27 Gornik, E. 256. 265, 279. 299. 300. 301. 310 Goy, P. 137, 138, 139, 140 Graham. R. 140. 173 Grambow, P. 256, 257, 263, 264. 276 Grangier, P. 136, 140 Grasvuk, A. Z. 26 Greeneich, E. W. 311 Greiner, W. 137 Grobe, R. 52 Grochmalicki, J. 8, 12, 52 Grohmann, K. 5 Gronbech-Jensen, N. 136 Grondin, R. 0. 252, 253, 259, 311 Gronel, P. 138 Gross, M. 137, 138, 139 Guedes, J. 141 Guenard, P. 217 Guenther, A. H. 26 Guidotti, C. 27, 32, 47 Guo, D. S. 34, 58 Gupta, S. D. 139
iv
AUTHOR
Haken, H. 135, 310 Hall, J. L. 136 Halperin, B. I. 276 Hamano, Tetsuko 76 Hamasaki, J. 252 Hamel, W. A. 176 Hamisch, H. 5 Hansen, W. 217,253, 261.264,265,270, 271, 272, 287 Harak, R. 140 Harbison, J. P. 76 Harder, C. 126 Harmans, C. J. P. M. 271, 272. 273, 275, 276, 277, 278, 279, 286 Haroche,S. 137, 138, 139, 140 Harper. P. G. 256, 260 Harrington, R. F. 200, 230, 231 Harris, J. J. 273, 271, 275, 276, 286 Harris, P. G. 4 Harvey, A. F. 213, 217 Hasko, D. 284, 287, 289, 304, 305 Hasnain, G. 76, 120 Hasumik, H. 115 Haue. R. J. 270. 277. 284 Haus; H. A. 136, 176 Hauser, M. 265 Hausler, K. T. 256 Heald, M. A. 228 Heard, P. J. 284 Heeger, A. J. 251 Heidmann, A. 136 Hein, G. 261 Heine. V. 310 Heinz, T. F. 138 Heinzen, D. J. 137, 138 Heisenberg, W. 12 Heitmann, D. 252, 256. 262, 263, 264, 276 Hekking, F. W. J. 277, 278, 279 Hellen, E. H. 138 Henini, M. 292, 293, 294, 295, 296, 297 Henneberger, W. C. 8, 25, 52 Henry, C.-M. 176, 251 Hernandez, J. P. 45 Hersee, S. D. 113 Hilfer, E. S. 137, 138 Hill, D. S. 118 Hill, S. C. 138 Hillerv. M. 136. 175 Hinds: E. A. 137, 138 Hippler, R. 26, 46, 47 Hirler, F. 265, 299, 300, 301 Hofstad, v.d. G. L. A. 7, 76, 117 Hofstadter, D. R. 260, 281 Holland, M. 256. 265 Hollberg, L. W. 136 Hollenhorst. J. N. 136 Holm, D. A. 136 Holmes, C. A. I36 Hong, C. K. 136 Hong,J. M. 255, 259.264.270, 271.277.284, 287 Horowitz, R. J. 136 Hughes, 0. H. 292, 293, 294, 295, 296. 297 Hulet, R. G. 137, 138
INDEX Humpert, H. J. 26, 46, 47 Hurd, R. A. 217 Huser, J. 276 Huttner, B. 136, 174, 175 Huxley, L. G. 199 lafrate, G. J. 252, 253, 259, 310 lga, Kenichi 76 Ikamoto, H. 115 Imajo, Y. 115 lmoto, N. 136, 140 lmrv. Y. 255 lnfeid, L. 185 lnkson. J. C. 310 Innocenti, G. 137, 138 lsmail, K. 253, 254, 270, 278, 284, 287 Itaya, Y. 136 ltzykson, C. 12, 15 lvanov. M. Yu. 52, 53 lzrael. A. 277
Jackson, J. D. 21, 214 Jacobovitz, G. R. 137, 138, 139 Jahnke, E. 231 Jakeman, E. 136, 140 Janszky. J. 140 Jarzembski, M. A. 138 Jauch, J. M. 12, 15, 21, 142, 174 Javanainen, J. 8, 11, 12, 52, 65, 66, 140 Jaynes, E. T. 139 Jewel], J. L. 76 Jhe, W. 137, 138 Jin, Y. 277, 298 Johann, U. 4, 11, 26, 39 Johnson, A. T. 276 Johnson, B. L. 281 Johnson, C. C. 4, 185 Johnson, N. F. 276 Jones, G. A. C. 284, 287, 289, 304, 305 Jones. H. D. 26 Jonsson. B. 104, 124, 127, 128, 129 Kahan, T. 185 Kalahne, A. 185 Kaluzny. Y. 139 Kamgar, A. 252 Kaminski, J. Z. 25, 44, 52 Kane, E. 0. 76, 84, 102, 105 Kanskar, M. 138 Kashiwa, S. 115 Kastner, M. A. 253, 272, 274, 275, 276, 281 Kasukawa, A. 109, 115 Katulin, V. A. 26 Kawakami, S. 176 Kawasaki, T. 5 Kayamar, Fumio 76 Kazarinov, R. F. 252 Keldysh, L. V. 5, 6, 12, 25, 26, 29, 31, 41, 42 43, 46, 51 Kelley, P. L. 152 Kelly, P. 26, 39, 49 Kemp, J. 185
AUTHOR INDEX Kempa, K. 310 Kennedy, T. A. B. 175 Kerker, M. 138 Kern, D. P. 255,264,270,271,272 Kern. K. 256. 263. 270. 276 Ketzmerick, RI 3&t Khmelnitskii, D. E. 306 Khosravi, H. 137, 142, 153 Kibble, T. W. B. 7, 12, 26, 27, 37 Kim, Y. S. 18 Kimble, H. J. 136, 139 Kimman, J. 11, 12,37,45 Kinsler, P. 136 Kirczenow, G. 281 Kirk, W. P. 265 Kirtley, J. P. 261 Kitagawa, M. 136 Kitamura, M. 115 Kittel, C.. 258 Klama, S. 269 Klarsfield, S. 45 Klein, N. 140 Kleiner, W. H. 152 Kleppner, D. 137, 138, 139 Knight, P. L. 8, 12, 52, 136, 139, 140 Knoedler, C. M. 255, 264, 270,271, 272, 287 Knoll, L. 141, 142, 143, 146, 152, 155, 173, 174 Kobe, D. H. 21 Koch, S. W. 136 Koch, T. L. 115 Koean. R. M. 45 Koimoto, M. 260,281 Konopinski, E. J. 5 Kool, W. 276 Koren, U. 115 Kose, V. 261 Kotthaus, J. P. 253,256,261,265,269,276, 277, 283, 289, 292 Kouwenhoven, L. P. 271, 272, 273, 275, 276, 277, 278, 279, 286 Koza, M. A. 109 Koxierowsky, M. 139 Krainov, V.-P. 27, 41, 42 Kramers. H. A. 8. 25. 52 Krause, J. L. 8, 12, 52, 66, 140 Kressel, H. 102, 105 Krieger, J. B. 259 Kriman, A. M. 278, 281, 283, 298, 301, 305, 306 Kroemer, H. 251,252, 310 Krokhin, 0. N. 26 Kroning, R. 219 Kruit, P. 11, 12. 37. 45 Ku, Y. C. 253,254 Kuhn. T. S. 2. 67 Kulander, K. C: 8, 12, 52, 66 Kulinsky, J. R. 139 Kumar, A. 255,269 Kumar, P. 136 Kung, S. Y. 76 Kupiszewska, D. 137 L’Huillier, A. 11, 39, 68 La Porta, A. 136. LaGattuta, K. 65
Lai, H. M. 138, 175 Lai, W. K. 140 Laibowitz, R. B. 5, 298 Lakhani, A. A. 252 Lamb, W. E. 21 Lambropoulos, P. 45 Lamont, H. R. L. 185,228 Lampert, M. A. 228 Landau, L. D. 5,7,27,42, 174 Landauer, R. 311 Landen, 0. L. 27, 34,38, 39, 49,51,52 Landsberg, P. T. 76, 109 Landshoff. P. 13 Lang(e), R. 140, 141 Larchuk. T. 140 Larkin, A. I. 306 Larsson, A. 104, 124, 127, 128, 129 Lau, K. Y. 126 Launois, H. 277,298 Laux, S. E. 255, 262,264,269,270 Lavigne, P. 4, 11, 26, 39 Law, C. K. 52 Ledinegg, E. 225 Lee, K. Y. 255, 264,270,271,272,277, 284, 287 Lee, P. A. 306 Lee, S. W. 200 Lee, T. P. 80, 109, 124 Lee, Y. H. 76 Leighton, R. B. 102 Leimann, G. 225 Leng, M. 278 Lent, C. S. 278,311 Leonberger, F. I. 76 Leonhardt, U. 174 Leopold, M. M. 118 Lettau, C. 256 Leung, P. T. 138, 175 Levenson, M. D. 136 Levialdi, S. 311 Levine, L. 200, 201 Levy, M. 5 Lewenstein, M. 8, 12, 52, 137, 142, 146, 153 Lewis, J. T. 140 Ley, M. 141, 156, 175 Lezama, A. 138 Li, F. L. 139 Li, X. S. 139 Li, Z. D. 139 Lifschitx. E. M. 5. 7, 27. 42. 174 Likharev, K. K. 273 Lin. D. L. 139 Lindberg, M. 136, 139 Lindstrom, C. 104, 124, 127, 128, 129 Liu, C. T. 284,297 Liu, K. C. 137 Liu, W.-P. 278, 283, 298, 301, 305, 306 Liu, Z. D. 139 Logan, R. A. 76, 115 Lompre, L. A. 11, 39 Lorenxutta, S. 37 Lorke, A. 256, 276, 277, 283 Loudon, R. 136, 137, 138, 140, 141, 142, 153, 155, 156, 175
Vi
AUTHOR INDEX
Lozovik, Y. E. 138 Lu, N. 141, 159 Luk, T. S. 4, 10, 11, 26, 39 Luther-Davies. B. 11. 26 Lutz, H. 0. 26,46,47 Ma, J. 278, 281, 283, 298, 301, 305, 3% Mabesoone, M. A. A. 276, 277, 281 MacFarlane, G. G. 201 Machado Mata, J. A. 136 Machida, S. 136, 140 Madajczyk, J. L. 139 Madelung, 0. 102 Maeda, M. 136 Mailly, D. 277, 298 Main, P. C. 256,292,293, 294,295,2%, 297 Mainfray, G. 11, 39 Maino, G. 37 Mandel, L. 136, 137, 142, 152, 153 Mandelstam, S. 5 Mander, G. L. 141, 175 Manus, C. 11, 39 Maquet, A. 45 Maracas, G. N. 278, 283, 298, 301, 305, 306 Marcuse, D. 80, 124 Marcuvitz, N. 200 Margenau, H. 231 Marinescu, N. 189, 191, 198, 219, 228, 238 Marocco, M. 138, 139, 155, 175 Marshall, T. W. 136 Martienssen, W. 140 Martin, J. Y. 277 Marton, L. 5 Masselink, W. T. 270, 278, 284 Mataloni, P. 137, 138, 155, 175 Matsuda 5 Matsumoto, N. 115 McDowell, M. R. C. 12 McEuen, P. L. 272, 274, 275, 276, 281 McIlrath. T. J. 26, 38. 46. 47. 48 Mead, Hl J. 197 Mead, S. P. 185 Meinke, H. 201 Meir, Y. 272, 274, 275, 276, 281 Meirav. U. 272. 274. 275. 276. 281 Mendez, E. E. 259 ’ Menschig, A. 256, 257 Merkt, U. 261, 263, 276, 277, 283 Mermin, N. D. 255 Merts, A. L. 65 Mertz, J. 136 Mescheda, D. 140 Mescheda. M. 137. 138 Messiah, A. 227, 240 Meurer, B. 276 Meyerhofer, D. D. 26, 27, 34, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 49, SO, 51, 52 Meystre, P. 139, 140 Mezenner, R. 278, 283, 298, 301, 305, 3% Mezi, L. 37 Mian, S. N. 25 Milburn, G. 136 Miller, B. I. 115
Milliken, F. P. 261 Milonni, P. W. 40,63, 137, 139, 140, 174, 176 Minafra, A. 26 Mito, I. 115 Mitra, R. 200 Mitra, S. S. 26 Mittleman, M. H. 63, 64 Mittlestein, M. 104 Mlodinow, L. D. 175 Mohagheghi, A. H. 4 Mohler, E. 140 Mohr. E. G. 252 Moi, L. 137, 138 Molenkamp, L. W. 276 Montie. E. A. 76 Morkoc, H. 115 Mossberg, T. W. 137 Mostowski, J. 8, 12, 137 Motohisa, J. 294 Motosha, J. 263 Movsesian, A. M. 8, 12, 52. 53 Miiller, B. 137 Mtiller, G. 140 Muller; H. G. 12, 37, 45 Mtiller, R. 201 Muraotrovd. I. J. 115 Murphy, GM. 231 Murra. D. 139 Nagarajan, R. 114, 119 Narozhny, N. B. 139 Nathan, V. 26 Nayak, N. 139 Nayfeh, M. H. 8, 12, 30, 32, 44, 47, 52, 60 Newburv, R. 304.305 Newman; P. 301 Newton, R. G. 12 Nicholas, R. J. 284 Nickel, H. 276, 277 Nicolaides, C. A. 8, 12, 30, 32, 44, 47, 52, 60 Niebauer, P. 304 Niemeyer, J. 261 Nightingale, M. P. 260, 281 Nikishov, A. I. 7, 12, 17, 26, 27, 37, 41, 42 Nilsson, 0. 140 Nistor, R. 189, 191, 219 Nocera, J. 284 Norgren, P. 311 Noz, M. E. 18 Nussenzveig, P. 139 O’Connell, R. F. 25, 140 Obermair, G. M. 260,304 offsey, s. P. 113, 114 Okamoto, H. 115 Olive, D. I. 13 Oliveira, F. A. M. 139 Oppenheimer, J. R. 27, 42 Orlando, T. P. 253 Orozco, L. A. 136, 139 Osakabe, N. 5 Osinski, M. 76
AUTHOR INDEX Ou, Z. Y. 136 Overhauser. A. W.
151
Page, L. 185 Palma, G. M. 136 Palmeteer, L. F. 261 Panish, M. B. 102 Panofsky, W. K. H. 21 Papas, C. H. 185 Pardo, F. 277 Paris. E. 281.283 Park, S. L. 253 Parker, J. 8, 52 Parkins, A. S. 138, 140, 172 Parodi, M. 217 Paul, A. E. 136 Peacock, D. C. 284,304,305 Pedrotti, L. M. 141, 159 Peeters. F. M. 293. 297 Peierls,‘R. 251, 310 Penaforte, J. C. 141, 156 Penney, W. 219 Pepper, M. 261,284,287,289, 304, 305,306 Perelomov, A. M. 12, 27, 41, 42 Pefina, J. 140 Perlmutter, S. H. 136 Perry, M. D. 26,27,34,38,39,40,49,51,52 Peterman, K. 80, 175 Petite, G. 11, 47 Petroff, P. M. 256, 283 Philippides, C. 190, 244 Phillips, M. 21 Philpott, M. R. 137 Phoenix, S. J. D. 139 Pippard, A. B. 260 Piraux, B. R. M. 8, 12, 52 Ploog, K. 253, 256, 263, 264,265, 276, 277, 280, 289,291 Plunien, G. 137 Pokrovsky, W. L. 138 Polkinghorne, J. 13 Pont, M. 8, 12, 25, 44, 52, 57 Popov, V. S. 12,27,41,42 Pored, W. 259, 311 Potasek, M. J. 136 Potvliege, R. M. 52 Power, E. A. 139 Prange, R. E. 280 Prasad, S. 141, 159 Preston, K. Jr. 311 Prewett; P. D. 284 Priou, M. 5 Proulx, D. 52 Puechner, R. 278, 283, 298, 301,305,306 Pummer, H. 4, 11, 26, 39 Purcell, E. M. 137, 138 Puri. R. R. 139 Quattropani, A. 22 Quemad, D. 192 Quick, C. R. 4
vii
Ragan, G. L. 225 Rahman, N. K. 11,27,32,47 Raimond, J. M. 137, 138, 139, 140 Raizen, M. G. 136, 139 Ramanujam, P. S. 136 Ramo, S. 185 Rarity, J. G. 140 Rauh. A. 260 Rayleigh, Lord 185 Razeahi. M. 263 Red&h; W. 228 Reed, M. A. 265 Reed, V. C. 8, 12, 52 Reeder, R. A. .4 Reich. H. J. 225 Reich; R. K. 252, 253, 259, 310 Reid, M. D. 136, 175 Reidel, H. 185 Reinacher, N. 265 Reiner, G. 140 Reinhardt, W. P. 65 Reiss, H. R. 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 12, 15, 19, 20, 25, 26, 27, 29, 30, 31, 32, 34, 36, 37, 38, 40, 41, 42, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 54, 55, 58, 60, 62, 63, 65 Rempe, G. 140 Reynaud, S. 136 Rhodes, C. K. 4, 11, 26, 39 Ricard, D. 138 Rice, P. R. 139 Ridley, B. K. 84 Ritchie, D. A. 284,287,289,304, 305 Ritus, V. I. 7, 12, 26, 27, 37, 41, 42 Robaschik, D. 137 Roberts, S. 228 Robinson, E. J. 45 Roger, G. 140 Rohrlich, F. 5, 12, 15, 21 Rolland, C. 26, 39, 49 Roman, P. 12 Ross, D. 82 Rosskopf, V. 256,279 Riissler, U. 262, 268, 269 Roukes, M. L. 256,257 Roza, A. J. 118 Ruth, E. 199,201 Rzazewski, K. 8, 11, 12, 52, 65, 66 Sachdev, S. 139 Saito, S. 252 Sakaki. H. 252, 263.294 Sakurai, J. J. 21 Saleh. B. E. A. 136. 140 Salort, P. 201 Salpeter, E. E. 18, 37, 59 Sanchez-Mondrazon. J. J. 139 Sanders, F. C. 25 Sandoghdar, V. 138 Sands, M. 102 Santos, E. 136 Santos, M. 284 Sara&k, E. S. 5, 7
...
VI”
AUTHOR INDEX
Sarfaty, R. 114 Sargent, M. III 136 Sasa, S. 283 Sasaki, T. 115 Savage, C. M. 136, 139 Saxon, D. S. 189,200 Schaevitz, H. 185 Schafer, K. J. 8, 12, 52, 66 Schappert, G. T. 57 Schattenburg, M. L. 253. 254 Schawlow, A. L. 129 Scheftelowitz. H. 225 Schelkunoff, S. A. 185 Scherer, A. 76 Schlapp, W. 261,265,276, 277, 292 Schleich, W. 140 Schlesinger, A. 261 Schlicher, R. R. 21, 27 Schmeller, A. 256 Schmid. A. 283 Schmidt, H. 264,270 Schnellnhuber, H. J. 260 Schiinenberaer. C. 276 Schriever, 6. .185 Schubert. M. 13.5. 136. 140. 174. 175 Schumacher, D. W: 26, 34,’ 38,47,48,49, 52 Schumaker, B. L. 136 Schuster, R. 256 Schwar, M. J. R. 199 Schweber, S. S. 12, 15 Schwier, H. 26,46,47 Schwinger, J. 200,228 Scully, M. 0. 21, 27, 140, 141, 159 Sengupta, N. D. 28 Sermage, B. 277 Serulnik, S. 175 Shakeshaft, R. 52 Sham. L. J. 252 Shapiro, J. H. 136 Shayegan, M. 284 Shelby, R. M. 136, 175 Shen, Y. R. 138, 142 Shepherd, T. J. 141, 175 Shieh, C. 113 Shirley, J. H. 65 Shnurer. F. 225 Short, R. 136 Sibilia, C. 140 Siegman. A. E. 176 Sik&ski, Ch. 263 Silberbauer, H. 279 Simpson, J. A. 5 Sipe, J. E. 138 Sites. J. R. 252 Slater, J. C. 228 Slusher, R. E. 136 Smirl, A. L. 21 Smith, C. G. 284,287,289,304,305 Smith, H. I. 253, 254, 278, 284, 287 Smith, T. P. III 255,264, 270, 271, 272,277, 278,284, 287 Smith, W. W. 4 Smoliner, J. 256, 265, 279, 299, 300, 301 Southworth, G. C. 185
Spencer, W. P. 137 Srivastava, V. 138 Staring, A. A. M. 276 Stehle, P. 137 Stemad, S. 251 Stenholm, S. 140 Stern, F. 255, 262, 269 Stevenson, A. 185 Stewart, J. E. 4 Stiles, P. J. 252, 297 Stoler, D. 136 Stone, H. S. 75 Stratton. J. A. 234 Strickland, D. 26, 27, 34, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 50, 51. 52 Strocchi, F. 5 Stroud, C. R. 8, 52 Sttickeiberg, E. C. G. 12 Sturge, M. D. 252 Su, Q. 8, 12, 52 Su, Y. K. 115 Suddeth, J. A. 5 Suematsu, Y. 75 Suemene, I. 102, 105, 117 Sundaram, B. 176 Sundaram, M. 269, 284 Suris, R. A. 252 Swift, J. D. 199 Svnae. J. L. 185 Sze,S: M. 108 Szoke, A. 27, 34, 38, 39, 49, 51, 52 Tai, K. 76, 120 Takagaki, Y. 278 Takano, S. 115 Tanaka, M. 263 Tanbun-Ek, T. 76, 115 Tang, C. Y. 4 Tapster, P. R. 140 Taub, A. H. 28 Taylor, G. W. 76, 80, 81, 96, 97, 106, 113, 118, 127 Taylor, R. P. 256, 293, 294 Teich, M. C. 136, 140 Temkin, H. 76, 115 Terent’ev, M. V. 12, 27, 41, 42 Theis, T. N. 261 Thijs, P. J. A. 7, 76, 84, 117 Thirunamachandran. T. 139. 147 Thomas, J. E. 137; 138 Thompson, B. V. 139 Thompson, G. H. B. 131 Thornton, T. J. 261 Thouless, D. J. 260, 281 Tihanji, P. L. 118 Timmering, C. E. 271, 272, 273, 275, 276, 277, 278, 279, 286 294, 295, 296, 297 Tip, A. 12, 37, 45 Tonomura, A. 5 Toombs, G. A. 294, 295, 296, 297 Toriumi, A. 287 Toriwaki, J. I. 311 Torre. A. 37
AUTHOR INDEX Townes, C. H. 129 Tran Quarts 139. 140 Tremeijer, t. F. 7, 76, 84, 117 Trombetta, F. 52 Tsu, R. 251, 259 Tsui, D. C. 252, 261, 284, 310 Ujihara, K. 141, 175 Umbach, C. P. 5, 298 Unruh, W. G. 136 Urban, P. 225 Ury, I. 126 Vaidyanathan, A. G. 137 Valley, J. F. 136 Van Der Putten, A. M. T. 276 Van Der Vaart, N. C. 276 Van der Wiel, M. J. 11, 12, 37, 45 Van Houten, H. 276, 277,278,281 Van Labeke, D. 138 Van Ouzer, T. 185 Van Sliedregt, M. 225 Van Vechten, J. A. 310 Van Wees, B. J. 271, 273, 275, 276, 277, 278, 279, 286 Van Woerkom, L. D. 26, 34, 38, 47, 48 Vasilopoulis, P. 293, 297 Vieoureux. J. M. 138 Viiars, F. 238 Vogel, W. 136, 139, 141, 142, 143, 146, 152, 155, 173 Volkov, D. M. 5, 26, 28 Vollmer, H. J. 118 Von Hippel, A. 228 Von Klitzing, K. 256, 280, 289, 290, 291, 292 Wagatsuma, K. 252 Waaenhuber, J. 304 Wagner, D. K. 118 Warmer. M. 276 Wakt, N. R. 8, 12, 25, 44, 52 Walker, J. G. 136 Walls. D. F. 136 Walther, H. 140 Wang, C. A. 114, 115, 116 Wang, D. S. 138 Wang, Y. H. 76, 120 Wannier. G. H. 260. 284 Warnecke, R. 217 Warren, A. C. 252 Washburn, S. 5, 298 Waters, R. G. 118 Watson. K. M. 12. 142. 174 Webb, R. A. 5, 298 Weber, R. H. 185 Weber, W. H. 138 Wei, H. P. 261 Weimann, G. 256, 257, 261,265,279, 291, 292, 299, 300, 301 Weiping, Zhang 136 Weir, B. 76, 120
Weisbuch, C. 77 Weiss, D. 256, 257. 260, 280, 289, 290, 291. .292, 294, 295 Weisskoof. V. F. 190 Welsch,b:-G. 136, 139, 141, 142, 143, 146, 152, 155, 173 Wharam, D. A. 278 Wharton, C. B. 228 Wheeler, J. A. 12 Whinnerv, J. R. 185 Wieczorek, E. 137 Wieder. H. H. 301 Wiegmann, W. 251 Wilhelmi, B. 135, 174, 175 Wilkens, H. 140, 153 Wilkinson, C. D. W. 256, 292, 293, 294, 295, 296, 297 Williams, R. L. 114 Williamson, J. G. 271, 272, 273, 275, 276, 286 Wilmsen, C. W. 252 Wind, S. J. 272, 274, 275, 276, 281 Wingreen, N. S. 272, 274, 275, 276, 281 Winkler. R. W. 265, 289 Wixforth, A. 269 Wodkiewicz. K. 27. 141. 159 Woerdman, J. P. 176 Wohlleben, D. 5 Wright, E. M. 175, 176 Wright, S. L. 261 Wu, H. 136 Wu, L.-A. 136 Wu, T. T. 5, 190 Wulf. u. 260 Wylie, J. M. 138 Wynn, J. D. 76, 120
Xiao, M. 136, 139 Xiao-Shen, Li 138 Xiong, W. 26
280, 289,
ix
Ya Azbel, M. 279 Yablonovitch. E. 76. 84 Yamada, H. 5, 115 Yamada, T. 256, 278 Yamamoto, Y. 136, 140 Yan, R. H. 84, 95 Yang, C. N. 5 Yang, K. H. 21 Yang, L. 76, 120 Yano, S. 5 Yariv, A. 76, 104, 115, 126 Yee, J. H. 26 Yen, A. 253, 254 Yergeau, F. 4, 11, 26, 39, 47 Yi. K. S. 252 Ydo, H.-I. 139 Young, K. 138, 175 Yuen, H. P. 136 Yurke, B. 136, 140 Yushin, Y. 140
X
Zah, C. E. 109 Zak, J. 260 Zaknewski, J. 137 Zhang, C. 291, 292,293 Zhang, Y. H. 263 Zhao, B. 115 Zheng, H. Z. 261
AUTHOR INDEX Zhu, (S)Y. 138, 139 Zhuane. Y. H. 104. 115 Zubair;; M. S. 139 Zubarev, I. G. 26 Zuber, J. B. 12, 15 Zukowski, M. 146
SUBJECT INDEX Above threshold ionization (“AH”) 8, 11, 30, 32, 37, 45-63 Aharonov-Bohm effect 5 Aharonov-Bohm flux 299. 304 Auger recombination 108 ’ also see Photon rate equations, electrical threshold
Interferometry 136, 141 Ionization above threshold ionization (“ATI”) 32.37.45-63 polarization 45,47,49 ionization from Rydberg states 62 multiphoton ionization 12, 25, 39 sequential ionization 39
Backward-wave oscillators see Waveguides, slow-wave structures Bloch oscillations 253, 259 Bose commutation relations 173 Brillouin zone, mini
Jaynes-Cummings model 139 Josephson junctions 259
251
Casimir effect 137 Cellular automata 311 Cernenkov radiation 142 Charge-density waves 251 Commutation relations, time-dependent Coulomb blockade 272. 273
Dirac matrix equation
8, 11, 30,
Keldvsh-Faisal-Reiss f”KFR”) ’ theories 6.I 9.I 25-63 Keldysh-like theories see S-matrix Klein-Gordon equation 15, 19-21,28, 33 Kramer+Henneberger transformation 8,25, 26, 44,52,57 Kronecker delta 19
181
15-18, 22
Langevin equations 140, 164 Laser amplifier 82 characterisation 8%94 electrical confinement factor 109 emission frequency: strained/unstrained quantum wells 86-94 “grin” lasers 108, 115, 118 high-speed response 76 inj&on level-wave modes 79 linewidth. ootical 127. 129 mass reversal see separate entry mode hop 131 micro cavity lasers 76 mode suppression ratio 126 photon ration equation see separate entry power transmission 84, 109 quantum well 73 also see quantum well saturated amplifier 82 amplifier gain 82 spontaneous emission 79 stimulated photon wave mode 79 lifetime 80 vertical cavity temperature dependence 76, 120 Lasers CO, 4,8, 10 excimer laser 8, 10 Nd laser 8, 10 noise 141 quantum electrodynamic approach 135, 175 short laser pulse assumptions 40 spontaneous emission 138, 141 stimulated emission 139 Linear accelerators see Waveguides, slow-wave structures
Effective mass mass reversal 84 strain effects 84, 114 Einstein B coefficient 99, 102 Electron-beam lithography 256 Fermi surface area 258 Ferroelectricity in coupled quantum dots see Superlattices, quantum dots Fevnman diagram techniques 15, 32 F&e optics -73 Floquet problem 65 Fluorescence, modified resonance 138 Fractal Hofstadter butterfly 260 superlattice fractal theory 284, 287 Gauge transformation 20-23, 23-24 Coulomb gauge, plane-wave laser field 20, 26, 28 gauge invariance 20, 22 length gauge 26, 28, 43 velocity gauge 26 Goppert-Mayer gauge see Gauge transformation, length gauge Gordon-Volkov solution 26, 27-30, 32, 34, 37, 43, 44, 51,63 Gunn effect 252 Hall effects: superlattices see Magnetic field effects Harper’s equation 304,308 Heisenberg equations of motion 149 xi
xii
SUBJEa
Linewidth, optical mode hop 131 Schawlow-Townes formula 129 Lippmann fringes 143 Luttinger-Kohn parameters 84
Magnetic field effects on lateral superlattices 254 Aharonov-Bohm flux 299 cyclotron orbits 256 Hall effects 280, 287 Hall voltages 304 harmonic oscillator potential 268 large magnetic fields 280-289 low magnetic fields 289-309 magnetotransport 251, 259-280 variations with gate voltage 285 Markovian relaxation theory 137 Mass reversal 84 Material electrical property testing, microwave 228 Micromaser 139 Microwave cavity, superconducting 139 Microwave cavity perturbation method 228-230 Microwave circuit low frequency theory 189 passive 189 Microwave filters 223-228 dissimilar waveguide sizes 225 Microwave propagation method 228 Microwave strong field 8, 9 Minkowski space 16 Mode suppression ratio 120 Mdller wave operators 13 Multiphoton absorption 11 ionization 12, 25, 39 Molecular-beam epitaxial growth 251 Monte Carlo technique 256
“Negative mass” prediction
251
Optical cavity dielectric effects 141, 145, 174 input-output theory 140, 148, 155 passive, lossless systems 143 photon flight time 161 quantum electrodynamics 135, 155 quantum noise theory 140 wall effects 137 Optical communications 136 Optical resonators cavity wall 136 experimental considerations 136 fr&tionally transparent mirrors 175 light squeezing 135. 139. 140 pLoton antibunching’ 135 spectral filtering 143 sub-Poisson’s photon statistics 135, 139 a&o see Radiation fields Opto-electronic devices 73
INDEX Peak suppression 37 Peierl’s substitution 302 Peierl’s instability 310 Persistent photoconductivity effect, superlattices 289 Perturbation theory 2, 3, 24, 45 waveguides 184 Petermann K factor 176 Phase transformation 21-23, 23-24 Photodetachment, strong-field see Strong-field approximation (SFA), photoionizaGon Photon rate equations 76. 77. 79. 94. 104 confinemenifactor 109, 118 diffusion, electron/hole 108 Einstein’s coefficients for absorption 76 electrical threshold 76, 80, 98, 109 recomination, electron/hole 108 Fermi-level representation 76 K-selection 77 laser cavity gain 81 material contamination effects 113 optical threshold 76, 79, 87, 98, 100 photon lifetime 84 Spontaneous emission 76, 79 stimulated emission 76. 79 threshold current 109, ill, 114 temperature dependence 118 wave mode 79, 80 power 84, 109 Quantum electrodynamics optical resonators 135, 155 optical response functions 143 spatially varying dielectric 135, 174 Quantum optics atomic binding potential 18 bound state intensity parameter 6 free-electron intensity parameter 7 free electron motion 7 non-perturbative intensity parameter 5-6, 8 pondermotive potential 5 strong field environment 2 Quantum potential barrier see Waveguides Quantum wells coupled 251 also see Superlattices, lateral Quantum well laser 73 charge density 85 energy momentum diagram 78 “energy transparency” 111 hole mass 74, 83 mode suppression ration 120 multi quantum well laser 76 quasi-fermi level relationships 85, 86, 111 strain effects on mass 84 strained 74, 86, 88, 97, 112 unstrained 86, 87, 97-106, 111 also see Laser and photon rate equation Quantum wires see Superlattices, lateral Rabi oscillations 139 Radiation fields correlation junctions
152, 166, 170
SUBJECT INDEX Heisenberg motion equations 149 mode decompositions 148 multi-mode radiation field operators 159 optical resonator external 136, 164 internal 136, 155, 160 quasimodes 143 spatially varying dielectric 145, 155 time dependence free field operator 151 source-quantity operator 151 Raman scattering 138 Schawlow-Townes formula 176 Schrodinger equation 4-5, 34 gauge transformations see separate entry Semiconductor laser materials GaAs/InGaAs/AIGaAs 76,97, 103, 113, 114, 124, 129, 131 In-GaAs P/InP 76, 85, 97, 115 Shubnikov-de Haas measurements 252, 263, 280, 289 Slow-wave structures see Waveguides S-matrix l-68, 12, 24, 3437 analytic S-matrix 13 atomic binding potential 18 Dirac equation 15-19, 31-33, 37, 59 experimental details 37, 39, 42, 45-63 gauge transformation see separate entry Keldysh-like theories Gordon-Volkov solution see separate entry Keldysh-Faisal-Reiss (“KFR”) theories 6, 9, 25-63 one-dimensional method 65 tunneling theories 27, 41, 42 validity of approximations 63 non-relativistic case 13-15, 22, 23,-24, 29, 33, 54, 60 one-dimensional behavior 65 phase transformation see separate entry relativistic case 15-21, 21-23, 31, 33, 37, 43, 58 strong field approximation (“SFA”) see separate entry Spontaneous emission 137 Stabilization (strong field effect) 8, 12, 41, 52-58 Strain, quantum well see Quantum wells and Effective mass Strong field approximation (SFA) 9, 11-12, 30, 32, 34, 44 atomic properties 38-39 experimental details 40, 42, 45-63 limiting procedures 33 monochromatic 34, 39 tunneling limit 41 one-dimensional model 65 photoionization 12, 26, 30, 33, 39, 45-63 very-strong-field applications 62 Stub tuner (screw) see Waveguides, discontinuity types Superlattices negative magnetoresistance 283 quantum dots 266280
Xlll
coupling between 276 ferroelectricity 310 “Hartree” term 276 instabilities 309 lateral gate structure 271 magnetoplasma effects 276 quantum Hall regime 276, 280 spectroscopy 272 Superlattices, lateral 251-311 antidote array 256 scattering 284, 297 electronic structure 254-259 Landau levels 251, 287 level break up 288 magnetic field effects 254 nfso see separate entry magnetotransport see Magnetic effects Mesfet-type structures 305, 306 minibands 251 population inversions 310 quantum dot 285 minigaps 251 negative differential conductance 251 negative differential resistance 252, 289 periodic potential 255 PMMA resist 256 quantum wires 261-265 experimental results 263-265 tunneling 265, 310 quenching 256 Si mosfet 252 growth of 252 single or double electron charging in quantum dots 286 synergetic switching of potential 310 weak potential modulation 289 “Superluminescence region” 126 Synergetic switching phenomena see Superlattices Telecommunications network 73 Theoretical methods dipole approximation 10-l 1, 29-30 Feynman diagram techniques 15 group theoretical approach 18 one-dimensional model 65 strong field approximations see separate entry Sziike method 51-52 wick theorem 15 also see S-matrix Time coarse-graining approximation 143 Travelling-wavetubes see Waveguides, slow wav structures Threshold, optical, electrical and current see Photon rate equations Van Hove singularities, density states Waveguides 183-247 Born approximation 238 cavity mediums 192 effective refractive index
192
258, 280
xiv loss-less dielectric 197 corrugated walls 217 “cross-section” 184 cross-section dimensions 189 dielectric-slab-loaded rectangular waveguide 193 de Brogli; relation 192 Dirac-tvne eauation 184. 240 discont&tities (macroscopic objects) 199-217 equivalent lumped circuit 201 impedances 200 reflection coefficient 200 transmission coefficient 200 transmission line theory 201 discontinuity types capacitive post 206 circular aperture 211 inductive thin circular post 209 screwtuner 206 . thin metallic diaphragm 201 empty spherical cavity 230 photon diffraction 235
SUBJECT INDEX
190,
photon scattering 233 homogeneously filled waveguides 197-199 inhomogeneously filled waveguides 192-197 Klein-Gordon type equation for wave propagation _ 184, 236238 Maxwell equations 185-189 microwave cavity perturbation method see separate entry microwave filter see separate entry microwave low frequency theory 189 parallelipipedical microwave cavity 228 photon refraction law 192 power transmission factor 184, 238 quantum notential barrier 184. 190-192. 203 “scattered” wave amplitude 239 slow-wave structures 217 pass-band 218, 219 stop-band 218, 219 vector potential operator 242 Weiss oscillations 290 Beenakker’s theory 292 temperature effects 293 Wigner formulation 252
CONTENTS OF PREVIOUS VOLUMES VOLUME I Parametric Processes: A. YARIV and J. E. PEARSON Light Propagation and Light Shifts in Optical Pumping Experiments: W. HAPPER Non-Resonant Feedback in Lasers: R. V. AMBARTSUMYAN, N. G. BASOV, P. G. KRYUKOVand V. S. LETOKHOV The Semiclassical Theory of the Gas Laser: S. STENHOLM Laser Lines in Atomic Species: C. S. WILLE?T VOLUME2 Photon Counting and Photon Statistics: G. J. TROUP Nonlinear Spectroscopy of Molecules: K. SHIMODAand T. SHIMIZU Collision Broadening of Spectral Lines by Neutral Atoms: W. R. HINDMARSHand J. M. FARR Quantum Theory of Josephson Radiation: D. ROGOVIN, M. 0. SCULLYand P. LEE VOLUME3 Three-level Gas Systems and Their Interaction with Radiation: I. M. BETEROVand V. P. CHEBOTAEV Mode-locking of Lasers: P. W. SMITH, M. A. DUGUAY and E. P. IPPEN The Quantum Theory of the Laser: A. P. KAZANTSEVand G. I. SURDUTOVICH VOLUME4 Self-focusing: Experimental: Y. R. SHEN Self-focusing: Theory: J. H. MARBURGER Nonlinear Narrow Optical Resonances Induced by Laser Radiation: V. P. CHEBOTAYEVand V. S. LETOKHOV Far-infrared Generation by Optical Mixing: Y. R. SHEN The Argon Ion Laser: M. H. DUNN and J. N. Ross Infrared Dispersions of Third-Order Susceptibilities in Dielectrics: Retardation Effects: CHR. FLYTZANISand N. BLOEMBERGEN Applications of the Josephson Effects: R. P. GIFFARD, J. C. GALLOP and B. W. PETLEY VOLUME5 Third-Order Optical Susceptibilities of Liquids and Solids: R. W. HELLWARTH Irreducible Components of the Density Matrix Application to Optical Pumping: ALAIN OMONT Selective Photoionization of Atoms by Laser Radiation and its Application: V. S. LETOKHOV,V. I. MISHIN and A. A. PURETZKY The Spin-Flip Raman Laser: S. D. SMITH, R. B. DENNIS and R. G. HARRISON
VOLUME6 Excimer Lasers: M. J. SHAW High Intensity Raman Interactions: A. PENZKOFER,A. LAUBEREAUand W. KAISER Electron-Hole Liquids in Semiconductors: A. A. ROGACHEV xv
XVi
CONTENTSOF PREVIOUSVOLUMES
Microwave Multiphoton Processes in Highly Excited Atoms: J. E. BAYFIELD Molecular Infrared Lasers Using Resonant Laser Pumping: A. Z. GRASIUK, V. S. LETOKHOVand V. V. LOBKO VOLUME7 CARS Spectroscopy: S. A. J. DRUET and J.-P. E. TARAN Free-Electron Lasers and Multiphoton Free-Free Transitions: M. V. FEDOROV The Importance of Spectroscopy for Infrared Multiphoton Excitation: W. Fuss and K. L. KOMPA Dye Lasers: L. G. NAIR VOLUME8 Nonlinear Optical Effects Associated with Excitonic Molecules in Large Gap Semiconductors: D. S. CHEMLAand A. MARUANI Collisional Broadening of Nonlinear Optical Resonances: V. P. CHEBOTAYEVand L. S. VASILENKO Laser Cooled and Trapped Atoms: W. D. PHILLIPS(Ed.) VOLUME9 Electron Theory of the Optical Properties of Laser Excited Semiconductors: H. HAUG and S. SCHMI-~T-RINK The Physics of Phase Conjugate Mirrors: M. C. GOWER Properties of Doped Silicon and Germanium Infrared Detectors: N. SCLAR Nitrogen Lasers: R. S. KUNABENCHI,M. R. GORBAL and M. I. SAVADA-ITI VOLUME 10 The Magnetophonon Effect: R. J. NICHOLAS The Photorefractive Effect - A Review: T. J. HALL, R. JAURA, L. M. CONNORSand P. D. FOOTE Pulsating Instabilities and Chaos in Lasers: R. G. HARRISONand D. J. BISWAS Spectral Control of Gain-Switched Lasers by Injection-Seeding: Application to TEA CO, Systems: D. M. TRA’IT, A. K. KAR and R. G. HARRISON VOLUME 11 Ring Lasers: J. R. WILKINSON Recent Advances in the Physics of Silicon P-N Junction Solar Cells Including Their Transient Response: S. C. JAIN, E. L. HEASELL and D. J. ROULSTON Photoelectromagnetic Effect in Semiconductors and its Applications: M. NOWAK VOLUME 12 Photo-initiated Deposition and Etching of Materials Relevant to Semiconductor Devices: J. HAIGH and M. R. AYLET~ Intrinsic Infrared Detectors: A. ROGAL~KIand J. PIOTROWSKI Solid State Lasers: A. PENZKOFER VOLUME13 Resonance and Saturation in Multiphoton Bound-Free Transitions: M. V. FEDOROV and A. E. KAZAKOV Photoacoustic and Electroacoustic Properties of Semiconductors: P. M. NIKOLIC and D. M. TODOROVIC Printed by BPC Wheaton~ Ltd. EXMM
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CONTENTS Theoretical Methods in Quantum Optics: S-Matrix and Keldysh Techniques for Strong-Field Processes H. R. REISS A New Theoretical Approach for the Quantum Well Semiconductor G. W. TAYLOR
of Waveguides
Book Review Quantum Magnetotransport D. K. FERRY
73
135
QED of Resonators in Quantum Optics L. KNOLL and D.-G. WELSCH The Use of Quantum Mechanics in the Treatment N. MARINESCU
Laser
1
183
249
in Lateral Surface Superlattices
251
Author Index
i
Subject Index
xi
Contents of Previous Volumes
xv
Aberg, T. 34,58 Abrahams, M. S. 76 Abram, I. 142, 143, 175 Abranyos, Y. 64 Ackerhalt, J. R. 63 Adams, A. R. 84 Adams, N. I. 185 Adduci, F. 26 Aganval, G. S. 136, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143 Agostini, P. 11, 47 Agrawal, G. P. 117, 129 Agullo-Rueda, F. 259 Aharonov, Y. 5 Ahmed, H. 261,284, 287,289,304, 305 Akers, L. A. 311 Allen, L. 139 &,I__ cJ. J. 1 I,_\ Auen, (Jr, ace ‘2‘ Allergrini, M. 27, 32, 47 Allis, W. P. 192, 199 Alphenaar, B. W. 276,277. 281 Alsing, P. 139 Alsmeier, J. 263, 277, 283 Altshuler, B. L. 306 Alves, E. S. 256,292,293, 294,295,2%, 297 Ammosov, M. V. 27,41.42 An, S. 136 Anderson, A. 137, 138 Ando, T. 305 Andrekson, P. A. 104, 124, 127, 128, 129 Andrews, D. 261 Antoniadis, D. A. 253, 254, 284, 287 Antunes-Neto, H. S. 63 Apostol, M. 238 Arakawa, Y. 76, 104 Amoldus, H. F. 140 Amot, H. 264,270 Ashcroft, N. W. 255 Aspect, A. 140 Assenat, P. 113 Athale, R. A. 76 Atwater, H. A. 215 Augst, S. 26, 27, 34, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42,49, 50, 51, 52 Averin, D. V. 273 Axelrod, D. 138 Azbel, M. Ya. 260 Babu, Toshihiko 76 Baawell. P. F. 253 Ba&, J: 140 Bakshi, P. 310 Baldwin, K. G. H. 12 Baldy, M. 113 Barbier, E. 281, 283 Bardfield, R. S. 38. 49. 50. 51 Barker, J. R. 276 Bamchaim. N. 126 Barnett, S..M. 140, 174 Barrow, W. L. 185 Barton, G. 137
Barut, A. 0. 12, 21 Baseia, B. 141, 156 Bashkansky, M. 26,34,38,46,47,48, 49, 52 Basile, S. 52 Basov, N. G. 26 Bassani, F. 22 Bastard. G. 269 Bate, R: T. 252 Batke, E. 252 Baumberg, J. J. 174 Beaumont, S. P. 256,265, 292, 293,294, 295, 296,297 Becker, W. 27 Beenakker, C. W. J. 276, 277,278, 281,290, 292.293 BeliC, M. R. 140 _ *. r aeunrante, F. J. 5 Belk, N. R. 276 Belk, P. A. 276 Belov, A. A. 138 Ben-Arveh, Y. 136. 175 Ben-Michael, R. 114 Bemardot. F. 139 Bemstein,‘G. 253, 254, 270, 278, 280, 298, 306 Bers, A. 192, 199 Berthold, G. 256,265,279,299, 300,301 Bertolotti, M. 140 Bethe, H. A. 18, 37, 59, 211, 228 Beton, P. H. 256, 292, 293, 294, 295, 2%, 297 Bevensee, R. M. 217 Bhat, R. 109 Bialynicki-Birula, I. 142 Binsma, J. J. M. 7, 76, 84, 117 Biondi, M. A. 228 Bimbaum, G. 228 Bjiirk, G. 136, 138 Bjorken, J. D. 12, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20, 32, 59,67 Blatt, J. M. 190 Blick, L. 261 Bloembergen, N. 174 Boersh, H. 5 Bohm, D. 5,190,244 Biihm, G. 256, 265,279, 299,300,301 Bolton, F. 268 Bondurant, R. S. 136 Bordag, M. 137 Boreham, B. W. 11, 26 Borgnis, F. F. 185, 228 Bowers, J. E. 76, 115 Boyer, K. 39 Branin, F. H. 228 n-n..” = UI~UII, L. 261 Brecha, R. J. 136, 139 Brendel, J. 140 Brey, L. 276 Brillouin, L. 185, 217 Brinkop, F. 253,269,292 Broekaart, M. E. I. 273, 271, 275, 276,286 Broido, D. A. 268,310 Brojan, J. B. 142 Brown, L. S. 7, 12, 26, 27, 37
ii
AUTHOR INDEX
Brown, S. C. 228 Brum, J. A. 264, 269, 270. 271. 272. 278 Brune, M. 139, 140 ’ Brunei, F. 4. 11. 46. 47. 49. 50. 61 Bryant; H. C.’ 4’ ’ ’ ’ Bucksbaum, P. H. 10, 26, 34, 38, 46, 47, 48, 49, 52 Bulle-Lieuwma, C. W. T. 76 Bulloueh. R. K. 139 Burkh&, M. 284, 287 Burks, A. W. 311 Burnett, N. H. 4, 8, 11, 12, 46,47, 49, 50, 52, 61 Bumham, G. T. 45 Burrus, C. A. 80, 124 Buschbaum, S. J. 192, 199 Butler, J. K. 102, 105 Biittiker, M. 289 Buyk, Oja 276 BuZek, V. 139 Campbell, E. M. 27, 34, 38,39, 49, 51, 52 Campos, R. A. 140 Candelas, P. 137, 174 Capron, B. A. 136 Carcemac, F. 298 Carmichael, H. J. 139. 140, 166 Camiglia, 6. K. 137, 142 Carson. J. R. 185 Carter,‘!% J. 175 Casey, H. C., Jr. 102 Casimir, H. B. G. 137 Catalano, I. M. 26 Caves, C. M. 136, 175 Chakravarty, S. 283 Chamberlid, R. 278, 298, 306 Chambers. R. G. 5 Chang, L.‘L. 251, 252, 264, 270 Chang De Gong 138 Chatterjee, S. K. 228 Chavance, P. 201 Chen. C. K. 138 Chen; T. R. 104, 115 Chen, W. 284,287, 289 Chen, Y. 284 Chew, G. F. 13 Chiccoli, C. 37 Chieu, W. Z. 185 Childs, J. J. 137, 138 Chin, S. L. 4, 10, 11, 26, 27, 34, 38, 39, 40,41, 42, 49, 50, 51, 52, 68 Ching Tsung Lee 136 Ching, S. C. 138 Chl, E. L. 217 Cho. A. Y. 76. 120 Choi, C. K. 25 Choi, H. K. 114, 115, 116 Choi, K. K. 261 Chu, J. L. 185, 230 Chu, P. 301 Chu, S. H. G. 115 Chu, S. I. 65 Chu, W. 253, 254
Chun-Rang Fu 138 Cingolani,A. 26 Claisse, P. R. 113 Clark, C. W. 8, 12, 30, 32, 44, 47, 52, 60 Clark. D. E. 197 Clara; F. H. 284 Cohen, E. 175 Cohen, S. 4 Cohen-Tannoudji, C. 136, 266 Coldren, L. A. 84, 95 Cole, T. 252 Coleman, J. P. 12 Collett, M. J. 140, 172, 173 Collin, R. E. 185, 200, 215 Collins, L. A. 65 Condon, E. U. 185 Cook, R. J. 137, 139, 140, 174 Cooke, P. W. 113 Copeland, J. A. 80, 124 Copper, J. 65 Corkum, P. B. 4, 11, 26, 39, 46, 47, 49, 50, 61 Cotzine, S. W. 84,95 Craig, D. P. 147 Cremoux, B. D. 113 Crescentini, L. 138, 155, 175 Cresser, J. D. 141, 143, 152, 155 Crouch, D. D. 175 Cummings, F. W. 139 Dagenais, M. 136 Dahl, C. 269,276, 277,292 Dalton, B. J. 136 Darwin, C. G. 268 Dattoli, G. 37 Davidovich, L. 63, 140 Davies, G. J. 261 Davison, M. 256, 293, 294 De Aeuiar. F. M. 278 De B&glie., L. 190 De Martini, F. 137, 138, 139, 155, 175 De Oliveira. F. A. M. 136 De Voe, R. G. 136 De Witt. B. S. 5 Debuisschert, T. 136 Dellow, M. W. 256, 292,293,294 DeLone. N. B. 27.41.42 Demel, T. 256, 263,264 Demmerle, W. 265, 299, 300, 301 Dempsey, J. 276 Den Nijs, M. 260, 281 Denker. J. S. 140 Dentai,‘A. G. 80, 124 Derry, P. L. 113 Deruelle, T. 283 Deutsch, I. H. 176 DeWaard, P. J. 84 Diedrich, F. 140 DiMauro. L. P. 38. 46. 47. 48 Dingle, R. 251 Dirac, P. A. M. 18 DiSalvo, F. 251 Dlugatch, I. 233 Doctor. D. P. 113
AUTHOR INDEX Doehler, 0. 217 Donahue, J. B. 4 Dongen, T. V. 76, 84 Donkersloot, H. C. 276 D&r, M. 52 Drell, S. D. 12, 15, 16, 17, 19, 20, 32, 59, 67 Drexhage, K. H. 137 Drexler, H. 265 Drummond, P. D. 136, 174, 175 Dubrovski, Yu. V. 52, 53 Duchemin, J. P. 113 Duff, M. J. B. 311 Duma, M. 219 Dupertuis, M. 140 Dutta, N. K. 76, 117, 120, 129 Eaves, L. 256,292, 293,294 Eberly, J. H. 7, 8, 11, 12, 32, 40, 49, 52, 65, 66, 139 Eden, R. J. 13 Egger, H. 4, 11, 26, 39 Ekert, A. K. 136, 140 Emde, F. 231 Endo, J. 5 Eng, L. F. 104, 115 Enelert. B.-G. 140 English; J. H. 269 Ensslin, K. 256, 283 Epstein, A. J. 251 Esaki, L. 251,252, 259, 264, 270 Ettiene, B. 298 Ettmiiller, W. 299, 300, 301 Evaldsson, P. A. 85 Fabre, C. 136 Fabre, M. 11 Faisal, F. H. M. 5, 6, 12, 25, 26, 43, 44 Fallieros, S. 20 Fang, F. F. 284, 297 Fearn, H. 140 Fedorov, M. V. 8, 12. 52. 53 Fekete, D. 114 Feld, M. S. 137, 138 Feng, X.-P. 141, 175 Fermi, E. 64 Ferrante. G. 52 Ferry, D: K. 252,253,254,256,259,270,276, 278, 280,281,283, 298, 301,305,306,308, 310, 311 Feshbach, H. 238 Feynman, R. P. 102 Filipowicz, P. 140 Fischer, R. J. 76, 120 Fleischhauer. M. 140. 174 Fleischmann, R. 304 ’ Floquet, G. 65 Florez, L. T. 76 Fock, V. 268 Fokkink, L. G. J. 276 Ford, G. W. 25, 138, 140 Forney, J. J. 22 Forrest, S. R. 75
.. IU
Fowler, A. B. 264, 270 Fowler, H. A. 5 Fox, R. A. 45 Foxman, E. B. 272, 274,275,276, 281 Foxton, C. T. 273, 271, 272, 274, 275, 276, 277, 278,279, 281,286 Franeau, J. 228 Frautschi, S. C. 13 Freeman, R. R. 26, 34, 38, 46, 47, 48 Friar, J. L. 20 Fried, Z. 22 Frost, J. E. F. 284,287, 289, 304, 305 Fukushima, T. 76, 115
Gallagher, T. F. 9, 11, 62 Gamow, G. 42 Gardiner, C. W. 138, 140, 166, 170, 173 Garito, A. F. 251 Garrison, J. C. 176 Gavrila, M. 8, 12, 25, 44, 52, 57 Gea-Benacloche, J. 141, 159 Geiger, R. H. 228 Geisel, T. 304 George, Th. F. 137, 139, 140 Gerhardts, R. 260, 263,289, 290,291,292, 293 Giacobino, E. 136 Giannessi, L. 37 Gillner. L. 136 Girard,‘C. H. 138 Girvin, S. M. 280 Glauber, R. J. 142, 146, 152 Goggin, M. E. 137 Gold, A. 45 Goldberg, P. 176 Goldberger, M. L. 12 Gol’dman. I. I. 12.26. 28. 42 Goldstein; L. 228 ’ ~’ Goodman, J. W. 76 Goodnick, S. M. 252 Goppert-Mayer, M. 28 Gordon, W. 5, 26, 27 Gornik, E. 256. 265, 279. 299. 300. 301. 310 Goy, P. 137, 138, 139, 140 Graham. R. 140. 173 Grambow, P. 256, 257, 263, 264. 276 Grangier, P. 136, 140 Grasvuk, A. Z. 26 Greeneich, E. W. 311 Greiner, W. 137 Grobe, R. 52 Grochmalicki, J. 8, 12, 52 Grohmann, K. 5 Gronbech-Jensen, N. 136 Grondin, R. 0. 252, 253, 259, 311 Gronel, P. 138 Gross, M. 137, 138, 139 Guedes, J. 141 Guenard, P. 217 Guenther, A. H. 26 Guidotti, C. 27, 32, 47 Guo, D. S. 34, 58 Gupta, S. D. 139
iv
AUTHOR
Haken, H. 135, 310 Hall, J. L. 136 Halperin, B. I. 276 Hamano, Tetsuko 76 Hamasaki, J. 252 Hamel, W. A. 176 Hamisch, H. 5 Hansen, W. 217,253, 261.264,265,270, 271, 272, 287 Harak, R. 140 Harbison, J. P. 76 Harder, C. 126 Harmans, C. J. P. M. 271, 272. 273, 275, 276, 277, 278, 279, 286 Haroche,S. 137, 138, 139, 140 Harper. P. G. 256, 260 Harrington, R. F. 200, 230, 231 Harris, J. J. 273, 271, 275, 276, 286 Harris, P. G. 4 Harvey, A. F. 213, 217 Hasko, D. 284, 287, 289, 304, 305 Hasnain, G. 76, 120 Hasumik, H. 115 Haue. R. J. 270. 277. 284 Haus; H. A. 136, 176 Hauser, M. 265 Hausler, K. T. 256 Heald, M. A. 228 Heard, P. J. 284 Heeger, A. J. 251 Heidmann, A. 136 Hein, G. 261 Heine. V. 310 Heinz, T. F. 138 Heinzen, D. J. 137, 138 Heisenberg, W. 12 Heitmann, D. 252, 256. 262, 263, 264, 276 Hekking, F. W. J. 277, 278, 279 Hellen, E. H. 138 Henini, M. 292, 293, 294, 295, 296, 297 Henneberger, W. C. 8, 25, 52 Henry, C.-M. 176, 251 Hernandez, J. P. 45 Hersee, S. D. 113 Hilfer, E. S. 137, 138 Hill, D. S. 118 Hill, S. C. 138 Hillerv. M. 136. 175 Hinds: E. A. 137, 138 Hippler, R. 26, 46, 47 Hirler, F. 265, 299, 300, 301 Hofstad, v.d. G. L. A. 7, 76, 117 Hofstadter, D. R. 260, 281 Holland, M. 256. 265 Hollberg, L. W. 136 Hollenhorst. J. N. 136 Holm, D. A. 136 Holmes, C. A. I36 Hong, C. K. 136 Hong,J. M. 255, 259.264.270, 271.277.284, 287 Horowitz, R. J. 136 Hughes, 0. H. 292, 293, 294, 295, 296. 297 Hulet, R. G. 137, 138
INDEX Humpert, H. J. 26, 46, 47 Hurd, R. A. 217 Huser, J. 276 Huttner, B. 136, 174, 175 Huxley, L. G. 199 lafrate, G. J. 252, 253, 259, 310 lga, Kenichi 76 Ikamoto, H. 115 Imajo, Y. 115 lmoto, N. 136, 140 lmrv. Y. 255 lnfeid, L. 185 lnkson. J. C. 310 Innocenti, G. 137, 138 lsmail, K. 253, 254, 270, 278, 284, 287 Itaya, Y. 136 ltzykson, C. 12, 15 lvanov. M. Yu. 52, 53 lzrael. A. 277
Jackson, J. D. 21, 214 Jacobovitz, G. R. 137, 138, 139 Jahnke, E. 231 Jakeman, E. 136, 140 Janszky. J. 140 Jarzembski, M. A. 138 Jauch, J. M. 12, 15, 21, 142, 174 Javanainen, J. 8, 11, 12, 52, 65, 66, 140 Jaynes, E. T. 139 Jewel], J. L. 76 Jhe, W. 137, 138 Jin, Y. 277, 298 Johann, U. 4, 11, 26, 39 Johnson, A. T. 276 Johnson, B. L. 281 Johnson, C. C. 4, 185 Johnson, N. F. 276 Jones, G. A. C. 284, 287, 289, 304, 305 Jones. H. D. 26 Jonsson. B. 104, 124, 127, 128, 129 Kahan, T. 185 Kalahne, A. 185 Kaluzny. Y. 139 Kamgar, A. 252 Kaminski, J. Z. 25, 44, 52 Kane, E. 0. 76, 84, 102, 105 Kanskar, M. 138 Kashiwa, S. 115 Kastner, M. A. 253, 272, 274, 275, 276, 281 Kasukawa, A. 109, 115 Katulin, V. A. 26 Kawakami, S. 176 Kawasaki, T. 5 Kayamar, Fumio 76 Kazarinov, R. F. 252 Keldysh, L. V. 5, 6, 12, 25, 26, 29, 31, 41, 42 43, 46, 51 Kelley, P. L. 152 Kelly, P. 26, 39, 49 Kemp, J. 185
AUTHOR INDEX Kempa, K. 310 Kennedy, T. A. B. 175 Kerker, M. 138 Kern, D. P. 255,264,270,271,272 Kern. K. 256. 263. 270. 276 Ketzmerick, RI 3&t Khmelnitskii, D. E. 306 Khosravi, H. 137, 142, 153 Kibble, T. W. B. 7, 12, 26, 27, 37 Kim, Y. S. 18 Kimble, H. J. 136, 139 Kimman, J. 11, 12,37,45 Kinsler, P. 136 Kirczenow, G. 281 Kirk, W. P. 265 Kirtley, J. P. 261 Kitagawa, M. 136 Kitamura, M. 115 Kittel, C.. 258 Klama, S. 269 Klarsfield, S. 45 Klein, N. 140 Kleiner, W. H. 152 Kleppner, D. 137, 138, 139 Knight, P. L. 8, 12, 52, 136, 139, 140 Knoedler, C. M. 255, 264, 270,271, 272, 287 Knoll, L. 141, 142, 143, 146, 152, 155, 173, 174 Kobe, D. H. 21 Koch, S. W. 136 Koch, T. L. 115 Koean. R. M. 45 Koimoto, M. 260,281 Konopinski, E. J. 5 Kool, W. 276 Koren, U. 115 Kose, V. 261 Kotthaus, J. P. 253,256,261,265,269,276, 277, 283, 289, 292 Kouwenhoven, L. P. 271, 272, 273, 275, 276, 277, 278, 279, 286 Koza, M. A. 109 Koxierowsky, M. 139 Krainov, V.-P. 27, 41, 42 Kramers. H. A. 8. 25. 52 Krause, J. L. 8, 12, 52, 66, 140 Kressel, H. 102, 105 Krieger, J. B. 259 Kriman, A. M. 278, 281, 283, 298, 301, 305, 306 Kroemer, H. 251,252, 310 Krokhin, 0. N. 26 Kroning, R. 219 Kruit, P. 11, 12. 37. 45 Ku, Y. C. 253,254 Kuhn. T. S. 2. 67 Kulander, K. C: 8, 12, 52, 66 Kulinsky, J. R. 139 Kumar, A. 255,269 Kumar, P. 136 Kung, S. Y. 76 Kupiszewska, D. 137 L’Huillier, A. 11, 39, 68 La Porta, A. 136. LaGattuta, K. 65
Lai, H. M. 138, 175 Lai, W. K. 140 Laibowitz, R. B. 5, 298 Lakhani, A. A. 252 Lamb, W. E. 21 Lambropoulos, P. 45 Lamont, H. R. L. 185,228 Lampert, M. A. 228 Landau, L. D. 5,7,27,42, 174 Landauer, R. 311 Landen, 0. L. 27, 34,38, 39, 49,51,52 Landsberg, P. T. 76, 109 Landshoff. P. 13 Lang(e), R. 140, 141 Larchuk. T. 140 Larkin, A. I. 306 Larsson, A. 104, 124, 127, 128, 129 Lau, K. Y. 126 Launois, H. 277,298 Laux, S. E. 255, 262,264,269,270 Lavigne, P. 4, 11, 26, 39 Law, C. K. 52 Ledinegg, E. 225 Lee, K. Y. 255, 264,270,271,272,277, 284, 287 Lee, P. A. 306 Lee, S. W. 200 Lee, T. P. 80, 109, 124 Lee, Y. H. 76 Leighton, R. B. 102 Leimann, G. 225 Leng, M. 278 Lent, C. S. 278,311 Leonberger, F. I. 76 Leonhardt, U. 174 Leopold, M. M. 118 Lettau, C. 256 Leung, P. T. 138, 175 Levenson, M. D. 136 Levialdi, S. 311 Levine, L. 200, 201 Levy, M. 5 Lewenstein, M. 8, 12, 52, 137, 142, 146, 153 Lewis, J. T. 140 Ley, M. 141, 156, 175 Lezama, A. 138 Li, F. L. 139 Li, X. S. 139 Li, Z. D. 139 Lifschitx. E. M. 5. 7, 27. 42. 174 Likharev, K. K. 273 Lin. D. L. 139 Lindberg, M. 136, 139 Lindstrom, C. 104, 124, 127, 128, 129 Liu, C. T. 284,297 Liu, K. C. 137 Liu, W.-P. 278, 283, 298, 301, 305, 306 Liu, Z. D. 139 Logan, R. A. 76, 115 Lompre, L. A. 11, 39 Lorenxutta, S. 37 Lorke, A. 256, 276, 277, 283 Loudon, R. 136, 137, 138, 140, 141, 142, 153, 155, 156, 175
Vi
AUTHOR INDEX
Lozovik, Y. E. 138 Lu, N. 141, 159 Luk, T. S. 4, 10, 11, 26, 39 Luther-Davies. B. 11. 26 Lutz, H. 0. 26,46,47 Ma, J. 278, 281, 283, 298, 301, 305, 3% Mabesoone, M. A. A. 276, 277, 281 MacFarlane, G. G. 201 Machado Mata, J. A. 136 Machida, S. 136, 140 Madajczyk, J. L. 139 Madelung, 0. 102 Maeda, M. 136 Mailly, D. 277, 298 Main, P. C. 256,292,293, 294,295,2%, 297 Mainfray, G. 11, 39 Maino, G. 37 Mandel, L. 136, 137, 142, 152, 153 Mandelstam, S. 5 Mander, G. L. 141, 175 Manus, C. 11, 39 Maquet, A. 45 Maracas, G. N. 278, 283, 298, 301, 305, 306 Marcuse, D. 80, 124 Marcuvitz, N. 200 Margenau, H. 231 Marinescu, N. 189, 191, 198, 219, 228, 238 Marocco, M. 138, 139, 155, 175 Marshall, T. W. 136 Martienssen, W. 140 Martin, J. Y. 277 Marton, L. 5 Masselink, W. T. 270, 278, 284 Mataloni, P. 137, 138, 155, 175 Matsuda 5 Matsumoto, N. 115 McDowell, M. R. C. 12 McEuen, P. L. 272, 274, 275, 276, 281 McIlrath. T. J. 26, 38. 46. 47. 48 Mead, Hl J. 197 Mead, S. P. 185 Meinke, H. 201 Meir, Y. 272, 274, 275, 276, 281 Meirav. U. 272. 274. 275. 276. 281 Mendez, E. E. 259 ’ Menschig, A. 256, 257 Merkt, U. 261, 263, 276, 277, 283 Mermin, N. D. 255 Merts, A. L. 65 Mertz, J. 136 Mescheda, D. 140 Mescheda. M. 137. 138 Messiah, A. 227, 240 Meurer, B. 276 Meyerhofer, D. D. 26, 27, 34, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 49, SO, 51, 52 Meystre, P. 139, 140 Mezenner, R. 278, 283, 298, 301, 305, 3% Mezi, L. 37 Mian, S. N. 25 Milburn, G. 136 Miller, B. I. 115
Milliken, F. P. 261 Milonni, P. W. 40,63, 137, 139, 140, 174, 176 Minafra, A. 26 Mito, I. 115 Mitra, R. 200 Mitra, S. S. 26 Mittleman, M. H. 63, 64 Mittlestein, M. 104 Mlodinow, L. D. 175 Mohagheghi, A. H. 4 Mohler, E. 140 Mohr. E. G. 252 Moi, L. 137, 138 Molenkamp, L. W. 276 Montie. E. A. 76 Morkoc, H. 115 Mossberg, T. W. 137 Mostowski, J. 8, 12, 137 Motohisa, J. 294 Motosha, J. 263 Movsesian, A. M. 8, 12, 52. 53 Miiller, B. 137 Mtiller, G. 140 Muller; H. G. 12, 37, 45 Mtiller, R. 201 Muraotrovd. I. J. 115 Murphy, GM. 231 Murra. D. 139 Nagarajan, R. 114, 119 Narozhny, N. B. 139 Nathan, V. 26 Nayak, N. 139 Nayfeh, M. H. 8, 12, 30, 32, 44, 47, 52, 60 Newburv, R. 304.305 Newman; P. 301 Newton, R. G. 12 Nicholas, R. J. 284 Nickel, H. 276, 277 Nicolaides, C. A. 8, 12, 30, 32, 44, 47, 52, 60 Niebauer, P. 304 Niemeyer, J. 261 Nightingale, M. P. 260, 281 Nikishov, A. I. 7, 12, 17, 26, 27, 37, 41, 42 Nilsson, 0. 140 Nistor, R. 189, 191, 219 Nocera, J. 284 Norgren, P. 311 Noz, M. E. 18 Nussenzveig, P. 139 O’Connell, R. F. 25, 140 Obermair, G. M. 260,304 offsey, s. P. 113, 114 Okamoto, H. 115 Olive, D. I. 13 Oliveira, F. A. M. 139 Oppenheimer, J. R. 27, 42 Orlando, T. P. 253 Orozco, L. A. 136, 139 Osakabe, N. 5 Osinski, M. 76
AUTHOR INDEX Ou, Z. Y. 136 Overhauser. A. W.
151
Page, L. 185 Palma, G. M. 136 Palmeteer, L. F. 261 Panish, M. B. 102 Panofsky, W. K. H. 21 Papas, C. H. 185 Pardo, F. 277 Paris. E. 281.283 Park, S. L. 253 Parker, J. 8, 52 Parkins, A. S. 138, 140, 172 Parodi, M. 217 Paul, A. E. 136 Peacock, D. C. 284,304,305 Pedrotti, L. M. 141, 159 Peeters. F. M. 293. 297 Peierls,‘R. 251, 310 Penaforte, J. C. 141, 156 Penney, W. 219 Pepper, M. 261,284,287,289, 304, 305,306 Perelomov, A. M. 12, 27, 41, 42 Pefina, J. 140 Perlmutter, S. H. 136 Perry, M. D. 26,27,34,38,39,40,49,51,52 Peterman, K. 80, 175 Petite, G. 11, 47 Petroff, P. M. 256, 283 Philippides, C. 190, 244 Phillips, M. 21 Philpott, M. R. 137 Phoenix, S. J. D. 139 Pippard, A. B. 260 Piraux, B. R. M. 8, 12, 52 Ploog, K. 253, 256, 263, 264,265, 276, 277, 280, 289,291 Plunien, G. 137 Pokrovsky, W. L. 138 Polkinghorne, J. 13 Pont, M. 8, 12, 25, 44, 52, 57 Popov, V. S. 12,27,41,42 Pored, W. 259, 311 Potasek, M. J. 136 Potvliege, R. M. 52 Power, E. A. 139 Prange, R. E. 280 Prasad, S. 141, 159 Preston, K. Jr. 311 Prewett; P. D. 284 Priou, M. 5 Proulx, D. 52 Puechner, R. 278, 283, 298, 301,305,306 Pummer, H. 4, 11, 26, 39 Purcell, E. M. 137, 138 Puri. R. R. 139 Quattropani, A. 22 Quemad, D. 192 Quick, C. R. 4
vii
Ragan, G. L. 225 Rahman, N. K. 11,27,32,47 Raimond, J. M. 137, 138, 139, 140 Raizen, M. G. 136, 139 Ramanujam, P. S. 136 Ramo, S. 185 Rarity, J. G. 140 Rauh. A. 260 Rayleigh, Lord 185 Razeahi. M. 263 Red&h; W. 228 Reed, M. A. 265 Reed, V. C. 8, 12, 52 Reeder, R. A. .4 Reich. H. J. 225 Reich; R. K. 252, 253, 259, 310 Reid, M. D. 136, 175 Reidel, H. 185 Reinacher, N. 265 Reiner, G. 140 Reinhardt, W. P. 65 Reiss, H. R. 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 12, 15, 19, 20, 25, 26, 27, 29, 30, 31, 32, 34, 36, 37, 38, 40, 41, 42, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 54, 55, 58, 60, 62, 63, 65 Rempe, G. 140 Reynaud, S. 136 Rhodes, C. K. 4, 11, 26, 39 Ricard, D. 138 Rice, P. R. 139 Ridley, B. K. 84 Ritchie, D. A. 284,287,289,304, 305 Ritus, V. I. 7, 12, 26, 27, 37, 41, 42 Robaschik, D. 137 Roberts, S. 228 Robinson, E. J. 45 Roger, G. 140 Rohrlich, F. 5, 12, 15, 21 Rolland, C. 26, 39, 49 Roman, P. 12 Ross, D. 82 Rosskopf, V. 256,279 Riissler, U. 262, 268, 269 Roukes, M. L. 256,257 Roza, A. J. 118 Ruth, E. 199,201 Rzazewski, K. 8, 11, 12, 52, 65, 66 Sachdev, S. 139 Saito, S. 252 Sakaki. H. 252, 263.294 Sakurai, J. J. 21 Saleh. B. E. A. 136. 140 Salort, P. 201 Salpeter, E. E. 18, 37, 59 Sanchez-Mondrazon. J. J. 139 Sanders, F. C. 25 Sandoghdar, V. 138 Sands, M. 102 Santos, E. 136 Santos, M. 284 Sara&k, E. S. 5, 7
...
VI”
AUTHOR INDEX
Sarfaty, R. 114 Sargent, M. III 136 Sasa, S. 283 Sasaki, T. 115 Savage, C. M. 136, 139 Saxon, D. S. 189,200 Schaevitz, H. 185 Schafer, K. J. 8, 12, 52, 66 Schappert, G. T. 57 Schattenburg, M. L. 253. 254 Schawlow, A. L. 129 Scheftelowitz. H. 225 Schelkunoff, S. A. 185 Scherer, A. 76 Schlapp, W. 261,265,276, 277, 292 Schleich, W. 140 Schlesinger, A. 261 Schlicher, R. R. 21, 27 Schmeller, A. 256 Schmid. A. 283 Schmidt, H. 264,270 Schnellnhuber, H. J. 260 Schiinenberaer. C. 276 Schriever, 6. .185 Schubert. M. 13.5. 136. 140. 174. 175 Schumacher, D. W: 26, 34,’ 38,47,48,49, 52 Schumaker, B. L. 136 Schuster, R. 256 Schwar, M. J. R. 199 Schweber, S. S. 12, 15 Schwier, H. 26,46,47 Schwinger, J. 200,228 Scully, M. 0. 21, 27, 140, 141, 159 Sengupta, N. D. 28 Sermage, B. 277 Serulnik, S. 175 Shakeshaft, R. 52 Sham. L. J. 252 Shapiro, J. H. 136 Shayegan, M. 284 Shelby, R. M. 136, 175 Shen, Y. R. 138, 142 Shepherd, T. J. 141, 175 Shieh, C. 113 Shirley, J. H. 65 Shnurer. F. 225 Short, R. 136 Sibilia, C. 140 Siegman. A. E. 176 Sik&ski, Ch. 263 Silberbauer, H. 279 Simpson, J. A. 5 Sipe, J. E. 138 Sites. J. R. 252 Slater, J. C. 228 Slusher, R. E. 136 Smirl, A. L. 21 Smith, C. G. 284,287,289,304,305 Smith, H. I. 253, 254, 278, 284, 287 Smith, T. P. III 255,264, 270, 271, 272,277, 278,284, 287 Smith, W. W. 4 Smoliner, J. 256, 265, 279, 299, 300, 301 Southworth, G. C. 185
Spencer, W. P. 137 Srivastava, V. 138 Staring, A. A. M. 276 Stehle, P. 137 Stemad, S. 251 Stenholm, S. 140 Stern, F. 255, 262, 269 Stevenson, A. 185 Stewart, J. E. 4 Stiles, P. J. 252, 297 Stoler, D. 136 Stone, H. S. 75 Stratton. J. A. 234 Strickland, D. 26, 27, 34, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 50, 51. 52 Strocchi, F. 5 Stroud, C. R. 8, 52 Sttickeiberg, E. C. G. 12 Sturge, M. D. 252 Su, Q. 8, 12, 52 Su, Y. K. 115 Suddeth, J. A. 5 Suematsu, Y. 75 Suemene, I. 102, 105, 117 Sundaram, B. 176 Sundaram, M. 269, 284 Suris, R. A. 252 Swift, J. D. 199 Svnae. J. L. 185 Sze,S: M. 108 Szoke, A. 27, 34, 38, 39, 49, 51, 52 Tai, K. 76, 120 Takagaki, Y. 278 Takano, S. 115 Tanaka, M. 263 Tanbun-Ek, T. 76, 115 Tang, C. Y. 4 Tapster, P. R. 140 Taub, A. H. 28 Taylor, G. W. 76, 80, 81, 96, 97, 106, 113, 118, 127 Taylor, R. P. 256, 293, 294 Teich, M. C. 136, 140 Temkin, H. 76, 115 Terent’ev, M. V. 12, 27, 41, 42 Theis, T. N. 261 Thijs, P. J. A. 7, 76, 84, 117 Thirunamachandran. T. 139. 147 Thomas, J. E. 137; 138 Thompson, B. V. 139 Thompson, G. H. B. 131 Thornton, T. J. 261 Thouless, D. J. 260, 281 Tihanji, P. L. 118 Timmering, C. E. 271, 272, 273, 275, 276, 277, 278, 279, 286 294, 295, 296, 297 Tip, A. 12, 37, 45 Tonomura, A. 5 Toombs, G. A. 294, 295, 296, 297 Toriumi, A. 287 Toriwaki, J. I. 311 Torre. A. 37
AUTHOR INDEX Townes, C. H. 129 Tran Quarts 139. 140 Tremeijer, t. F. 7, 76, 84, 117 Trombetta, F. 52 Tsu, R. 251, 259 Tsui, D. C. 252, 261, 284, 310 Ujihara, K. 141, 175 Umbach, C. P. 5, 298 Unruh, W. G. 136 Urban, P. 225 Ury, I. 126 Vaidyanathan, A. G. 137 Valley, J. F. 136 Van Der Putten, A. M. T. 276 Van Der Vaart, N. C. 276 Van der Wiel, M. J. 11, 12, 37, 45 Van Houten, H. 276, 277,278,281 Van Labeke, D. 138 Van Ouzer, T. 185 Van Sliedregt, M. 225 Van Vechten, J. A. 310 Van Wees, B. J. 271, 273, 275, 276, 277, 278, 279, 286 Van Woerkom, L. D. 26, 34, 38, 47, 48 Vasilopoulis, P. 293, 297 Vieoureux. J. M. 138 Viiars, F. 238 Vogel, W. 136, 139, 141, 142, 143, 146, 152, 155, 173 Volkov, D. M. 5, 26, 28 Vollmer, H. J. 118 Von Hippel, A. 228 Von Klitzing, K. 256, 280, 289, 290, 291, 292 Wagatsuma, K. 252 Waaenhuber, J. 304 Wagner, D. K. 118 Warmer. M. 276 Wakt, N. R. 8, 12, 25, 44, 52 Walker, J. G. 136 Walls. D. F. 136 Walther, H. 140 Wang, C. A. 114, 115, 116 Wang, D. S. 138 Wang, Y. H. 76, 120 Wannier. G. H. 260. 284 Warnecke, R. 217 Warren, A. C. 252 Washburn, S. 5, 298 Waters, R. G. 118 Watson. K. M. 12. 142. 174 Webb, R. A. 5, 298 Weber, R. H. 185 Weber, W. H. 138 Wei, H. P. 261 Weimann, G. 256, 257, 261,265,279, 291, 292, 299, 300, 301 Weiping, Zhang 136 Weir, B. 76, 120
Weisbuch, C. 77 Weiss, D. 256, 257. 260, 280, 289, 290, 291. .292, 294, 295 Weisskoof. V. F. 190 Welsch,b:-G. 136, 139, 141, 142, 143, 146, 152, 155, 173 Wharam, D. A. 278 Wharton, C. B. 228 Wheeler, J. A. 12 Whinnerv, J. R. 185 Wieczorek, E. 137 Wieder. H. H. 301 Wiegmann, W. 251 Wilhelmi, B. 135, 174, 175 Wilkens, H. 140, 153 Wilkinson, C. D. W. 256, 292, 293, 294, 295, 296, 297 Williams, R. L. 114 Williamson, J. G. 271, 272, 273, 275, 276, 286 Wilmsen, C. W. 252 Wind, S. J. 272, 274, 275, 276, 281 Wingreen, N. S. 272, 274, 275, 276, 281 Winkler. R. W. 265, 289 Wixforth, A. 269 Wodkiewicz. K. 27. 141. 159 Woerdman, J. P. 176 Wohlleben, D. 5 Wright, E. M. 175, 176 Wright, S. L. 261 Wu, H. 136 Wu, L.-A. 136 Wu, T. T. 5, 190 Wulf. u. 260 Wylie, J. M. 138 Wynn, J. D. 76, 120
Xiao, M. 136, 139 Xiao-Shen, Li 138 Xiong, W. 26
280, 289,
ix
Ya Azbel, M. 279 Yablonovitch. E. 76. 84 Yamada, H. 5, 115 Yamada, T. 256, 278 Yamamoto, Y. 136, 140 Yan, R. H. 84, 95 Yang, C. N. 5 Yang, K. H. 21 Yang, L. 76, 120 Yano, S. 5 Yariv, A. 76, 104, 115, 126 Yee, J. H. 26 Yen, A. 253, 254 Yergeau, F. 4, 11, 26, 39, 47 Yi. K. S. 252 Ydo, H.-I. 139 Young, K. 138, 175 Yuen, H. P. 136 Yurke, B. 136, 140 Yushin, Y. 140
X
Zah, C. E. 109 Zak, J. 260 Zaknewski, J. 137 Zhang, C. 291, 292,293 Zhang, Y. H. 263 Zhao, B. 115 Zheng, H. Z. 261
AUTHOR INDEX Zhu, (S)Y. 138, 139 Zhuane. Y. H. 104. 115 Zubair;; M. S. 139 Zubarev, I. G. 26 Zuber, J. B. 12, 15 Zukowski, M. 146
SUBJECT INDEX Above threshold ionization (“AH”) 8, 11, 30, 32, 37, 45-63 Aharonov-Bohm effect 5 Aharonov-Bohm flux 299. 304 Auger recombination 108 ’ also see Photon rate equations, electrical threshold
Interferometry 136, 141 Ionization above threshold ionization (“ATI”) 32.37.45-63 polarization 45,47,49 ionization from Rydberg states 62 multiphoton ionization 12, 25, 39 sequential ionization 39
Backward-wave oscillators see Waveguides, slow-wave structures Bloch oscillations 253, 259 Bose commutation relations 173 Brillouin zone, mini
Jaynes-Cummings model 139 Josephson junctions 259
251
Casimir effect 137 Cellular automata 311 Cernenkov radiation 142 Charge-density waves 251 Commutation relations, time-dependent Coulomb blockade 272. 273
Dirac matrix equation
8, 11, 30,
Keldvsh-Faisal-Reiss f”KFR”) ’ theories 6.I 9.I 25-63 Keldysh-like theories see S-matrix Klein-Gordon equation 15, 19-21,28, 33 Kramer+Henneberger transformation 8,25, 26, 44,52,57 Kronecker delta 19
181
15-18, 22
Langevin equations 140, 164 Laser amplifier 82 characterisation 8%94 electrical confinement factor 109 emission frequency: strained/unstrained quantum wells 86-94 “grin” lasers 108, 115, 118 high-speed response 76 inj&on level-wave modes 79 linewidth. ootical 127. 129 mass reversal see separate entry mode hop 131 micro cavity lasers 76 mode suppression ratio 126 photon ration equation see separate entry power transmission 84, 109 quantum well 73 also see quantum well saturated amplifier 82 amplifier gain 82 spontaneous emission 79 stimulated photon wave mode 79 lifetime 80 vertical cavity temperature dependence 76, 120 Lasers CO, 4,8, 10 excimer laser 8, 10 Nd laser 8, 10 noise 141 quantum electrodynamic approach 135, 175 short laser pulse assumptions 40 spontaneous emission 138, 141 stimulated emission 139 Linear accelerators see Waveguides, slow-wave structures
Effective mass mass reversal 84 strain effects 84, 114 Einstein B coefficient 99, 102 Electron-beam lithography 256 Fermi surface area 258 Ferroelectricity in coupled quantum dots see Superlattices, quantum dots Fevnman diagram techniques 15, 32 F&e optics -73 Floquet problem 65 Fluorescence, modified resonance 138 Fractal Hofstadter butterfly 260 superlattice fractal theory 284, 287 Gauge transformation 20-23, 23-24 Coulomb gauge, plane-wave laser field 20, 26, 28 gauge invariance 20, 22 length gauge 26, 28, 43 velocity gauge 26 Goppert-Mayer gauge see Gauge transformation, length gauge Gordon-Volkov solution 26, 27-30, 32, 34, 37, 43, 44, 51,63 Gunn effect 252 Hall effects: superlattices see Magnetic field effects Harper’s equation 304,308 Heisenberg equations of motion 149 xi
xii
SUBJEa
Linewidth, optical mode hop 131 Schawlow-Townes formula 129 Lippmann fringes 143 Luttinger-Kohn parameters 84
Magnetic field effects on lateral superlattices 254 Aharonov-Bohm flux 299 cyclotron orbits 256 Hall effects 280, 287 Hall voltages 304 harmonic oscillator potential 268 large magnetic fields 280-289 low magnetic fields 289-309 magnetotransport 251, 259-280 variations with gate voltage 285 Markovian relaxation theory 137 Mass reversal 84 Material electrical property testing, microwave 228 Micromaser 139 Microwave cavity, superconducting 139 Microwave cavity perturbation method 228-230 Microwave circuit low frequency theory 189 passive 189 Microwave filters 223-228 dissimilar waveguide sizes 225 Microwave propagation method 228 Microwave strong field 8, 9 Minkowski space 16 Mode suppression ratio 120 Mdller wave operators 13 Multiphoton absorption 11 ionization 12, 25, 39 Molecular-beam epitaxial growth 251 Monte Carlo technique 256
“Negative mass” prediction
251
Optical cavity dielectric effects 141, 145, 174 input-output theory 140, 148, 155 passive, lossless systems 143 photon flight time 161 quantum electrodynamics 135, 155 quantum noise theory 140 wall effects 137 Optical communications 136 Optical resonators cavity wall 136 experimental considerations 136 fr&tionally transparent mirrors 175 light squeezing 135. 139. 140 pLoton antibunching’ 135 spectral filtering 143 sub-Poisson’s photon statistics 135, 139 a&o see Radiation fields Opto-electronic devices 73
INDEX Peak suppression 37 Peierl’s substitution 302 Peierl’s instability 310 Persistent photoconductivity effect, superlattices 289 Perturbation theory 2, 3, 24, 45 waveguides 184 Petermann K factor 176 Phase transformation 21-23, 23-24 Photodetachment, strong-field see Strong-field approximation (SFA), photoionizaGon Photon rate equations 76. 77. 79. 94. 104 confinemenifactor 109, 118 diffusion, electron/hole 108 Einstein’s coefficients for absorption 76 electrical threshold 76, 80, 98, 109 recomination, electron/hole 108 Fermi-level representation 76 K-selection 77 laser cavity gain 81 material contamination effects 113 optical threshold 76, 79, 87, 98, 100 photon lifetime 84 Spontaneous emission 76, 79 stimulated emission 76. 79 threshold current 109, ill, 114 temperature dependence 118 wave mode 79, 80 power 84, 109 Quantum electrodynamics optical resonators 135, 155 optical response functions 143 spatially varying dielectric 135, 174 Quantum optics atomic binding potential 18 bound state intensity parameter 6 free-electron intensity parameter 7 free electron motion 7 non-perturbative intensity parameter 5-6, 8 pondermotive potential 5 strong field environment 2 Quantum potential barrier see Waveguides Quantum wells coupled 251 also see Superlattices, lateral Quantum well laser 73 charge density 85 energy momentum diagram 78 “energy transparency” 111 hole mass 74, 83 mode suppression ration 120 multi quantum well laser 76 quasi-fermi level relationships 85, 86, 111 strain effects on mass 84 strained 74, 86, 88, 97, 112 unstrained 86, 87, 97-106, 111 also see Laser and photon rate equation Quantum wires see Superlattices, lateral Rabi oscillations 139 Radiation fields correlation junctions
152, 166, 170
SUBJECT INDEX Heisenberg motion equations 149 mode decompositions 148 multi-mode radiation field operators 159 optical resonator external 136, 164 internal 136, 155, 160 quasimodes 143 spatially varying dielectric 145, 155 time dependence free field operator 151 source-quantity operator 151 Raman scattering 138 Schawlow-Townes formula 176 Schrodinger equation 4-5, 34 gauge transformations see separate entry Semiconductor laser materials GaAs/InGaAs/AIGaAs 76,97, 103, 113, 114, 124, 129, 131 In-GaAs P/InP 76, 85, 97, 115 Shubnikov-de Haas measurements 252, 263, 280, 289 Slow-wave structures see Waveguides S-matrix l-68, 12, 24, 3437 analytic S-matrix 13 atomic binding potential 18 Dirac equation 15-19, 31-33, 37, 59 experimental details 37, 39, 42, 45-63 gauge transformation see separate entry Keldysh-like theories Gordon-Volkov solution see separate entry Keldysh-Faisal-Reiss (“KFR”) theories 6, 9, 25-63 one-dimensional method 65 tunneling theories 27, 41, 42 validity of approximations 63 non-relativistic case 13-15, 22, 23,-24, 29, 33, 54, 60 one-dimensional behavior 65 phase transformation see separate entry relativistic case 15-21, 21-23, 31, 33, 37, 43, 58 strong field approximation (“SFA”) see separate entry Spontaneous emission 137 Stabilization (strong field effect) 8, 12, 41, 52-58 Strain, quantum well see Quantum wells and Effective mass Strong field approximation (SFA) 9, 11-12, 30, 32, 34, 44 atomic properties 38-39 experimental details 40, 42, 45-63 limiting procedures 33 monochromatic 34, 39 tunneling limit 41 one-dimensional model 65 photoionization 12, 26, 30, 33, 39, 45-63 very-strong-field applications 62 Stub tuner (screw) see Waveguides, discontinuity types Superlattices negative magnetoresistance 283 quantum dots 266280
Xlll
coupling between 276 ferroelectricity 310 “Hartree” term 276 instabilities 309 lateral gate structure 271 magnetoplasma effects 276 quantum Hall regime 276, 280 spectroscopy 272 Superlattices, lateral 251-311 antidote array 256 scattering 284, 297 electronic structure 254-259 Landau levels 251, 287 level break up 288 magnetic field effects 254 nfso see separate entry magnetotransport see Magnetic effects Mesfet-type structures 305, 306 minibands 251 population inversions 310 quantum dot 285 minigaps 251 negative differential conductance 251 negative differential resistance 252, 289 periodic potential 255 PMMA resist 256 quantum wires 261-265 experimental results 263-265 tunneling 265, 310 quenching 256 Si mosfet 252 growth of 252 single or double electron charging in quantum dots 286 synergetic switching of potential 310 weak potential modulation 289 “Superluminescence region” 126 Synergetic switching phenomena see Superlattices Telecommunications network 73 Theoretical methods dipole approximation 10-l 1, 29-30 Feynman diagram techniques 15 group theoretical approach 18 one-dimensional model 65 strong field approximations see separate entry Sziike method 51-52 wick theorem 15 also see S-matrix Time coarse-graining approximation 143 Travelling-wavetubes see Waveguides, slow wav structures Threshold, optical, electrical and current see Photon rate equations Van Hove singularities, density states Waveguides 183-247 Born approximation 238 cavity mediums 192 effective refractive index
192
258, 280
xiv loss-less dielectric 197 corrugated walls 217 “cross-section” 184 cross-section dimensions 189 dielectric-slab-loaded rectangular waveguide 193 de Brogli; relation 192 Dirac-tvne eauation 184. 240 discont&tities (macroscopic objects) 199-217 equivalent lumped circuit 201 impedances 200 reflection coefficient 200 transmission coefficient 200 transmission line theory 201 discontinuity types capacitive post 206 circular aperture 211 inductive thin circular post 209 screwtuner 206 . thin metallic diaphragm 201 empty spherical cavity 230 photon diffraction 235
SUBJECT INDEX
190,
photon scattering 233 homogeneously filled waveguides 197-199 inhomogeneously filled waveguides 192-197 Klein-Gordon type equation for wave propagation _ 184, 236238 Maxwell equations 185-189 microwave cavity perturbation method see separate entry microwave filter see separate entry microwave low frequency theory 189 parallelipipedical microwave cavity 228 photon refraction law 192 power transmission factor 184, 238 quantum notential barrier 184. 190-192. 203 “scattered” wave amplitude 239 slow-wave structures 217 pass-band 218, 219 stop-band 218, 219 vector potential operator 242 Weiss oscillations 290 Beenakker’s theory 292 temperature effects 293 Wigner formulation 252
CONTENTS OF PREVIOUS VOLUMES VOLUME I Parametric Processes: A. YARIV and J. E. PEARSON Light Propagation and Light Shifts in Optical Pumping Experiments: W. HAPPER Non-Resonant Feedback in Lasers: R. V. AMBARTSUMYAN, N. G. BASOV, P. G. KRYUKOVand V. S. LETOKHOV The Semiclassical Theory of the Gas Laser: S. STENHOLM Laser Lines in Atomic Species: C. S. WILLE?T VOLUME2 Photon Counting and Photon Statistics: G. J. TROUP Nonlinear Spectroscopy of Molecules: K. SHIMODAand T. SHIMIZU Collision Broadening of Spectral Lines by Neutral Atoms: W. R. HINDMARSHand J. M. FARR Quantum Theory of Josephson Radiation: D. ROGOVIN, M. 0. SCULLYand P. LEE VOLUME3 Three-level Gas Systems and Their Interaction with Radiation: I. M. BETEROVand V. P. CHEBOTAEV Mode-locking of Lasers: P. W. SMITH, M. A. DUGUAY and E. P. IPPEN The Quantum Theory of the Laser: A. P. KAZANTSEVand G. I. SURDUTOVICH VOLUME4 Self-focusing: Experimental: Y. R. SHEN Self-focusing: Theory: J. H. MARBURGER Nonlinear Narrow Optical Resonances Induced by Laser Radiation: V. P. CHEBOTAYEVand V. S. LETOKHOV Far-infrared Generation by Optical Mixing: Y. R. SHEN The Argon Ion Laser: M. H. DUNN and J. N. Ross Infrared Dispersions of Third-Order Susceptibilities in Dielectrics: Retardation Effects: CHR. FLYTZANISand N. BLOEMBERGEN Applications of the Josephson Effects: R. P. GIFFARD, J. C. GALLOP and B. W. PETLEY VOLUME5 Third-Order Optical Susceptibilities of Liquids and Solids: R. W. HELLWARTH Irreducible Components of the Density Matrix Application to Optical Pumping: ALAIN OMONT Selective Photoionization of Atoms by Laser Radiation and its Application: V. S. LETOKHOV,V. I. MISHIN and A. A. PURETZKY The Spin-Flip Raman Laser: S. D. SMITH, R. B. DENNIS and R. G. HARRISON
VOLUME6 Excimer Lasers: M. J. SHAW High Intensity Raman Interactions: A. PENZKOFER,A. LAUBEREAUand W. KAISER Electron-Hole Liquids in Semiconductors: A. A. ROGACHEV xv
XVi
CONTENTSOF PREVIOUSVOLUMES
Microwave Multiphoton Processes in Highly Excited Atoms: J. E. BAYFIELD Molecular Infrared Lasers Using Resonant Laser Pumping: A. Z. GRASIUK, V. S. LETOKHOVand V. V. LOBKO VOLUME7 CARS Spectroscopy: S. A. J. DRUET and J.-P. E. TARAN Free-Electron Lasers and Multiphoton Free-Free Transitions: M. V. FEDOROV The Importance of Spectroscopy for Infrared Multiphoton Excitation: W. Fuss and K. L. KOMPA Dye Lasers: L. G. NAIR VOLUME8 Nonlinear Optical Effects Associated with Excitonic Molecules in Large Gap Semiconductors: D. S. CHEMLAand A. MARUANI Collisional Broadening of Nonlinear Optical Resonances: V. P. CHEBOTAYEVand L. S. VASILENKO Laser Cooled and Trapped Atoms: W. D. PHILLIPS(Ed.) VOLUME9 Electron Theory of the Optical Properties of Laser Excited Semiconductors: H. HAUG and S. SCHMI-~T-RINK The Physics of Phase Conjugate Mirrors: M. C. GOWER Properties of Doped Silicon and Germanium Infrared Detectors: N. SCLAR Nitrogen Lasers: R. S. KUNABENCHI,M. R. GORBAL and M. I. SAVADA-ITI VOLUME 10 The Magnetophonon Effect: R. J. NICHOLAS The Photorefractive Effect - A Review: T. J. HALL, R. JAURA, L. M. CONNORSand P. D. FOOTE Pulsating Instabilities and Chaos in Lasers: R. G. HARRISONand D. J. BISWAS Spectral Control of Gain-Switched Lasers by Injection-Seeding: Application to TEA CO, Systems: D. M. TRA’IT, A. K. KAR and R. G. HARRISON VOLUME 11 Ring Lasers: J. R. WILKINSON Recent Advances in the Physics of Silicon P-N Junction Solar Cells Including Their Transient Response: S. C. JAIN, E. L. HEASELL and D. J. ROULSTON Photoelectromagnetic Effect in Semiconductors and its Applications: M. NOWAK VOLUME 12 Photo-initiated Deposition and Etching of Materials Relevant to Semiconductor Devices: J. HAIGH and M. R. AYLET~ Intrinsic Infrared Detectors: A. ROGAL~KIand J. PIOTROWSKI Solid State Lasers: A. PENZKOFER VOLUME13 Resonance and Saturation in Multiphoton Bound-Free Transitions: M. V. FEDOROV and A. E. KAZAKOV Photoacoustic and Electroacoustic Properties of Semiconductors: P. M. NIKOLIC and D. M. TODOROVIC Printed by BPC Wheaton~ Ltd. EXMM
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