Authors

Authors A Abedon, S.T. Ecology of Viruses Infecting Bacteria Accotto, G.P. Ourmiavirus Ackermann, H.-W. History of Virology: Bacteriophages Adam, G. Diagnostic Techniques: Plant Viruses Adams, C. Common Cold Viruses Adams, M.J. Flexiviruses Adderson, E. Parainfluenza Viruses of Humans Adhya, S. Transcriptional Regulation in Bacteriophage Afonso, C.L. Baculoviruses: Molecular Biology of Mosquito Baculoviruses Ahlquist, P. Brome Mosaic Virus Air, G.M. Antigenic Variation Alcendor, D.J. Cytomegaloviruses: Simian Cytomegaloviruses Almond, J.W. Vaccine Strategies Amin, I. Cotton Leaf Curl Disease Angel, J. Rotaviruses Apetrei, C. Simian Immunodeficiency Virus: Natural Infection Arif, B.M. Baculoviruses: Molecular Biology of Sawfly Baculoviruses Attoui, H. Coltiviruses Insect Reoviruses Orbiviruses Seadornaviruses Aurelian, L. Herpes Simplex Viruses: General Features

B Babiuk, L.A. DNA Vaccines Babiuk, S. DNA Vaccines Bader, A.G. Retroviral Oncogenes Baker, S.C. Coronaviruses: Molecular Biology Baker, T.S. Partitiviruses: General Features Bamford, J.K.H. Icosahedral dsDNA Bacterial Viruses with an Internal Membrane Bao, Y. Virus Classification by Pairwise Sequence Comparison (PASC) Bar-Joseph, M. Citrus Tristeza Virus Barker, H. Idaeovirus Barrett, A.D.T. Japanese Encephalitis Virus Barrett, J.W.

Yatapoxviruses Barrett, T. Rinderpest and Distemper Viruses Bartenschlager, R. Hepatitis C Virus Bartlett, N.W. Rhinoviruses Basak, S. Chandipura Virus Basler, C.F. Innate Immunity: Defeating Basta, T. Crenarchaeal Viruses: Morphotypes and Genomes Baxby, D. Cowpox Virus Beard, P. Poxviruses Becker, M.N. Entomopoxviruses Becnel, J.J. Baculoviruses: Molecular Biology of Mosquito Baculoviruses Beemon, K.L. Retroviruses of Birds Belay, E.D. Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies Benkő, M. Adenoviruses: Pathogenesis Bennett, M. Cowpox Virus Bergoin, M. Parvoviruses of Arthropods Bernard, H.U. Papillomaviruses: General Features Berns, K.I. Gene Therapy: Use of Viruses as Vectors Biagini, P. Anellovirus Bieniasz, P.D. Host Resistance to Retroviruses Bigot, Y. Ascoviruses Billinis, C. Cardioviruses Bishop, R.F. Enteric Viruses Blacklaws, B.A. Visna-Maedi Viruses Blair, C.D. Interfering RNAs Blanc, S. Vector Transmission of Plant Viruses Blawid, R. Alphacryptovirus and Betacryptovirus Blissard, G.W. Baculoviruses: Molecular Biology of Nucleopolyhedroviruses Blomqvist, S. Enteroviruses: Human Enteroviruses Numbered 68 and Beyond Bol, J.F. Alfalfa Mosaic Virus Bonami, J.-R. Shrimp Viruses Bos, L. Legume Viruses Bose, H.R., Jr. Reticuloendotheliosis Viruses Bourhy, H. Animal Rhabdoviruses Bowser, P.R. Fish Retroviruses Boyle, D.B.

Animal Rhabdoviruses Bragard, C. Pecluvirus Bragg, J.N. Hordeivirus Plant Rhabdoviruses Briddon, R.W. Beta ssDNA Satellites Cotton Leaf Curl Disease Brinton, M.A. Arteriviruses Britton, P. Coronaviruses: General Features Brown, J.K. Plant Resistance to Viruses: Geminiviruses Brown, K.S. Ebolavirus Bruenn, J. Ustilago Maydis Viruses Brussaard, C.P.D. Algal Viruses Bugert, J.J. Molluscum Contagiosum Virus Bühler, S. Hepatitis C Virus Bujarski, J.J. Bromoviruses Recombination Buller, R.M. Smallpox and Monkeypox Viruses Burand, J.P. Insect Viruses: Nonoccluded Burgyan, J. Plant Antiviral Defense: Gene Silencing Pathway Burt, F.J. Flaviviruses of Veterinary Importance Butcher, S.J. Icosahedral dsDNA Bacterial Viruses with an Internal Membrane Butel, J.S. Simian Virus 40 Butler, M.I. Retrotransposons of Fungi

C Caciagli, P. Vegetable Viruses Calisher, C.H. Bunyaviruses: Unassigned Orthobunyaviruses Candresse, T. Plum Pox Virus Cann, A.J. Replication of Viruses Caranta, C. Plant Resistance to Viruses: Natural Resistance Associated with Recessive Genes Carlile, G. Aquareoviruses Carr, J.P. Viral Suppressors of Gene Silencing Carrion, R., Jr. Leishmaniaviruses Casey, J.W. Fish Retroviruses Casey, R.N. Fish Retroviruses Casjens, S. Capsid Assembly: Bacterial Virus Structure and Assembly Cattaneo, R. Measles Virus Cavanagh, D.

Coronaviruses: General Features Chahroudi, A. Human Immunodeficiency Viruses: Pathogenesis Chakraborty, S. Tomato Leaf Curl Viruses from India Chambers, T.J. Flaviviruses: General Features Chang, J.T. Cryo-Electron Microscopy Chang, Y. Kaposi’s Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus: General Features Chapman, D. African Swine Fever Virus Chattopadhyay, D. Chandipura Virus Chen, M. Icosahedral ssDNA Bacterial Viruses Cherwa, J.E. Icosahedral ssDNA Bacterial Viruses Chinchar, V.G. Iridoviruses of Vertebrates Iridoviruses: General Features Chintakuntlawar, A.V. Human Eye Infections Chiu, W. Cryo-Electron Microscopy Chodosh, J. Human Eye Infections Choi, I.-R. Sequiviruses Christian, P.D. Dicistroviruses Ciufolini, M.G. Rift Valley Fever and Other Phleboviruses Clarke, P. Reoviruses: General Features Claverie, J.-M. Mimivirus Clayton, J.R. Apoptosis and Virus Infection Clem, R.J. Baculoviruses: Apoptosis Inhibitors Clements, C.J. Vaccine Safety Coffey, L.L. Togaviruses Not Associated with Human Disease Cohen, J.I. Varicella-Zoster Virus: General Features Collinge, J. Prions of Vertebrates Collins, A. Papillomaviruses: Molecular Biology of Human Viruses Collins, P.L. Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Contamine, D. Sigma Rhabdoviruses Coombs, K.M. Reoviruses: Molecular Biology Cowley, J.A. Nidovirales Craigo, J.K. Equine Infectious Anemia Virus Crane, M.St.J. Aquareoviruses Crowe, J.E., Jr. Human Respiratory Viruses Czosnek, H. Tomato Yellow Leaf Curl Virus

D

Dalmay, T. Plant Antiviral Defense: Gene Silencing Pathway Dannevig, B.H. Infectious Salmon Anemia Virus D’Arcy, C.J. Luteoviruses Davison, A.J. Fish and Amphibian Herpesviruses Herpesviruses: General Features Dawson, W.O. Citrus Tristeza Virus Day, L.A. Inoviruses de Groot, R.J. Nidovirales de la Torre, J.C. Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus: Molecular Biology de Lamballerie, X. Coltiviruses de las Heras, M. Jaagsiekte Sheep Retrovirus de Micco, P. Anellovirus de Vega, M. Replication of Bacterial Viruses Delfosse, P. Pecluvirus Delmas, B. Birnaviruses Deng, M. Plant Rhabdoviruses DeRisi, J. Diagnostic Techniques: Microarrays Desbiez, C. Watermelon Mosaic Virus and Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus Desrosiers, R.C. Simian Immunodeficiency Virus: General Features Dhar, A.K. Taura Syndrome Virus Dietzgen, R.G. Plant Rhabdoviruses Dinesh-Kumar, S.P. Virus-Induced Gene Silencing (VIGS) Dixon, L.K. African Swine Fever Virus Dogimont, C. Plant Resistance to Viruses: Natural Resistance Associated with Recessive Genes Domanska, A. Virus Entry to Bacterial Cells Domier, L.L. Barley Yellow Dwarf Viruses Luteoviruses Dotzauer, A. Hepatitis A Virus Dreher, T.W. Tymoviruses Dreschers, S. Common Cold Viruses Duda, R.L. Icosahedral Tailed dsDNA Bacterial Viruses Dudley, J.P. Mouse Mammary Tumor Virus Duprex, W.P. Mumps Virus Dutch, R.E. Paramyxoviruses Dutia, B.M. Murine Gammaherpesvirus 68 Dyall-Smith, M.L.

Viruses Infecting Euryarchaea

E East, J. AIDS: Disease Manifestation Easton, A.J. Mononegavirales Eastwell, K.C. Ilarvirus Eaton, B.T. Henipaviruses Edskes, H. Prions of Yeast and Fungi Ehlers, B. Herpesviruses: Discovery Elliott, R.M. Bunyaviruses: General Features Engel, A. Prions of Yeast and Fungi Engelmann, J. Plant Virus Diseases: Ornamental Plants Enjuanes, L. Nidovirales Ensser, A. Simian Gammaherpesviruses Erlandson, M. Insect Pest Control by Viruses Ertel, K.J. Picornaviruses: Molecular Biology Esteban, R. Narnaviruses Yeast L-A Virus Evans, D.J. Viral Receptors Evensen, Ø. Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus

F Falzarano, D. Marburg Virus Fane, B.A. Icosahedral ssDNA Bacterial Viruses Fang, R.-X. Plant Rhabdoviruses Fargette, D. Rice Yellow Mottle Virus Fath-Goodin, A. Polydnaviruses: General Features Fauquet, C.M. Emerging Geminiviruses Taxonomy, Classification and Nomenclature of Viruses Federici, B.A. Ascoviruses Feldmann, H. Ebolavirus Marburg Virus Fenner, F. History of Virology: Vertebrate Viruses Mousepox and Rabbitpox Viruses Ferreira, S.A. Papaya Ringspot Virus Field, H.J. Antiviral Agents Fischer, K. Diagnostic Techniques: Microarrays Fishman, J.A. Organ Transplantation, Risks Fleckenstein, B. Tumor Viruses: Human Flores, R.

Viroids Flotte, T.R. Gene Therapy: Use of Viruses as Vectors Forterre, P. Origin of Viruses Franco, M.A. Rotaviruses Frey, T.K. Rubella Virus Fuchs, M. Plant Resistance to Viruses: Engineered Resistance Fuentes, S. Sweetpotato Viruses Fujimura, T. Narnaviruses Yeast L-A Virus Fujinami, R.S. Immunopathology Fukuhara, T. Endornavirus

G Gallitelli, D. Emerging and Reemerging Virus Diseases of Plants García, J.A. Potyviruses García-Arenal, F. Cucumber Mosaic Virus Satellite Nucleic Acids and Viruses Garrett, R.A. Crenarchaeal Viruses: Morphotypes and Genomes Gaumer, S. Sigma Rhabdoviruses Geijskes, R.J. Plant Reoviruses Geisbert, T.W. Filoviruses Gellermann, E. Kaposi’s Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus: Molecular Biology Gessain, A. Human T-Cell Leukemia Viruses: Human Disease Ghabrial, S.A. Chrysoviruses Fungal Viruses Partitiviruses: General Features Totiviruses Gibson, W. Human Cytomegalovirus: Molecular Biology Glasa, M. Plum Pox Virus Gleba, Y. Plant Virus Vectors (Gene Expression Systems) Gompels, U.A. Human Herpesviruses 6 and 7 Gonsalves, D. Papaya Ringspot Virus Goodin, M.M. Plant Rhabdoviruses Goodwin, T.J.D. Retrotransposons of Fungi Gorbalenya, A.E. Nidovirales Phylogeny of Viruses Gould, E.A. Tick-Borne Encephalitis Viruses Grakoui, A. Persistent and Latent Viral Infection Grandbastien, M.-A. Retrotransposons of Plants

Grassmann, R. Tumor Viruses: Human Gravell, M. Polyomaviruses Graves, M.V. Phycodnaviruses Green, K.Y. Noroviruses and Sapoviruses Greenberg, B.M. Central Nervous System Viral Diseases Greenberg, H.B. Rotaviruses Greiser-Wilke, I. Classical Swine Fever Virus Griffin, D.E. Cytokines and Chemokines Togaviruses: Equine Encephalitic Viruses Gritsun, T.S. Tick-Borne Encephalitis Viruses Gubala, A.J. Animal Rhabdoviruses Gubler, D.J. Dengue Viruses

H Haenni, A.-L. Tymoviruses Haig, D. Parapoxviruses Haines, F.J. Baculoviruses: Expression Vector Hamacher, J. Plant Virus Diseases: Ornamental Plants Hammond, J. Bean Common Mosaic Virus and Bean Common Mosaic Necrosis Virus Harding, R.M. Plant Reoviruses Hardwick, J.M. Apoptosis and Virus Infection Hariri, D. Cereal Viruses: Wheat and Barley Harrach, B. Adenoviruses: General Features Harries, P.A. Movement of Viruses in Plants Harrington, L.E. Immune Response to Viruses: Cell-Mediated Immunity Harrison, T.J. Hepadnaviruses: General Features Hepatitis B Virus: Molecular Biology Hatziioannou, T. Host Resistance to Retroviruses Hay, J. Varicella-Zoster Virus: Molecular Biology Hayward, G.S. Cytomegaloviruses: Simian Cytomegaloviruses Hébrard, E. Rice Yellow Mottle Virus Hendrix, R.W. Virus Evolution: Bacterial Viruses Hensley, L.E. Filoviruses Hertzler, S. Theiler’s Virus Hilliard, J. Simian Alphaherpesviruses Hillman, B.I. Mycoreoviruses Hilton, S. Baculoviruses: Molecular Biology of Granuloviruses

Hinton, D.M. Transcriptional Regulation in Bacteriophage Hinz, A. Membrane Fusion Hoet, A.E. Torovirus Hogenhout, S.A. Plant Rhabdoviruses Hohn, T. Caulimoviruses: Molecular Biology Hong, J.S. Potexvirus Horzinek, M.C. Torovirus Hovi, T. Enteroviruses: Human Enteroviruses Numbered 68 and Beyond Huger, A.M. Oryctes Rhinoceros Virus Hughes, L.E. Enteroviruses of Animals Hull, R. History of Virology: Plant Viruses Rice Tungro Disease Hunter, E. Retroviruses: General Features Hyatt, A.D. Iridoviruses of Vertebrates Iridoviruses: General Features Hyypiä, T. Echoviruses

I Ian Lipkin, W. Bornaviruses Iwanami, T. Sadwavirus

J Jackson, A.O. Hordeivirus Plant Rhabdoviruses Jardine, P. Genome Packaging in Bacterial Viruses Jehle, J.A. Oryctes Rhinoceros Virus Jilbert, A.R. Hepadnaviruses of Birds John, P. Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Viruses Johnson, J.E. Tetraviruses Virus Particle Structure: Nonenveloped Viruses Virus Particle Structure: Principles Johnson, R.T. Central Nervous System Viral Diseases Johnson, W.E. Endogenous Retroviruses Johnston, S.L. Rhinoviruses Jones, A.T. Idaeovirus Jordan, R. Bean Common Mosaic Virus and Bean Common Mosaic Necrosis Virus

K Kapustin, Y. Virus Classification by Pairwise Sequence Comparison (PASC) Karayiannis, P. Hepatitis B Virus: General Features Kazmierczak, P.

Hypovirulence Keene, K.M. Interfering RNAs Kerlan, C. Potato Virus Y Potato Viruses Khalili, K. Polyomaviruses of Humans Kilmarx, P.H. AIDS: Global Epidemiology King, L.A. Baculoviruses: Expression Vector Kirkland, P.D. Akabane Virus Kirkwood, C.D. Enteric Viruses Kitching, R.P. Capripoxviruses Klasse, P.J. Neutralization of Infectivity Klatt, N.R. Human Immunodeficiency Viruses: Pathogenesis Kleespies, R.G. Oryctes Rhinoceros Virus Klessig, D.F. Plant Resistance to Viruses: Natural Resistance Associated with Dominant Genes Klimstra, W.B. Togaviruses: General Features Togaviruses: Molecular Biology Klimyuk, V. Plant Virus Vectors (Gene Expression Systems) Knowles, N. Theiler’s Virus Koenig, R. Benyvirus Diagnostic Techniques: Plant Viruses Furovirus Konaté, G. Rice Yellow Mottle Virus Kotton, C.N. Organ Transplantation, Risks Kramer, L.D. West Nile Virus Krell, P.J. Baculoviruses: General Features Kreuze, J. Sweetpotato Viruses Kryndushkin, D. Prions of Yeast and Fungi Kuehnert, M.J. Organ Transplantation, Risks Kuhn, R.J. Assembly of Viruses: Enveloped Particles Kurath, G. Fish Rhabdoviruses Kusters, I. Vaccine Strategies Kuzmin, I.V. Rabies Virus

L Laird, M.E. Simian Immunodeficiency Virus: General Features Lamb, R.A. Influenza Lambert, P.F. Papillomaviruses: Molecular Biology of Human Viruses Lang, A.S. Marnaviruses Lapierre, H.D.

Cereal Viruses: Wheat and Barley Lawrence, G. Vaccine Safety Lecoq, H. Watermelon Mosaic Virus and Zucchini Yellow Mosaic Virus Lee, B.Y. Carlavirus Lefkowitz, E.J. Virus Databases Legg, J.P. African Cassava Mosaic Disease Leinikki, P. Diagnostic Techniques: Serological and Molecular Approaches Lenard, J. Viral Membranes Leong, J.C. Fish Viruses Leppard, K.N. Adenoviruses: Molecular Biology Lescoute, A. Ribozymes Lesemann, D.-E. Diagnostic Techniques: Plant Viruses Leu, J.-H. White Spot Syndrome Virus Levin, H.L. Metaviruses Lewandowski, D.J. Tobamovirus Lim, H.-S. Hordeivirus Lindsay, M.D.A. Togaviruses Causing Rash and Fever Ling, R. Mononegavirales Linial, M.L. Foamy Viruses Liotta, D.C. Human Immunodeficiency Viruses: Antiretroviral Agents Lipton, H.L. Theiler’s Virus Liss, A.S. Reticuloendotheliosis Viruses Lo, C.-F. White Spot Syndrome Virus Loebenstein, G. Plant Virus Diseases: Economic Aspects Lommel, S.A. Tombusviruses Lomonossoff, G.P. Cowpea Mosaic Virus López-Moya, J.J. Potyviruses Luo, M. Assembly of Viruses: Nonenveloped Particles

M MacFarlane, S.A. Tobravirus Mackenzie, J.S. Togaviruses Causing Rash and Fever Mahieux, R. Human T-Cell Leukemia Viruses: Human Disease Mahy, B.W.J. Emerging and Reemerging Virus Diseases of Vertebrates Preface Maiss, E. Alphacryptovirus and Betacryptovirus Major, E.O. Polyomaviruses

Malathi, V.G. Mungbean Yellow Mosaic Viruses Mankertz, A. Circoviruses Mansoor, S. Beta ssDNA Satellites Cotton Leaf Curl Disease Marfin, A.A. Yellow Fever Virus Marillonnet, S. Plant Virus Vectors (Gene Expression Systems) Martelli, G.P. Emerging and Reemerging Virus Diseases of Plants Necrovirus Plant Virus Diseases: Fruit Trees and Grapevine Marthas, M. Simian Immunodeficiency Virus: Animal Models of Disease Martin, D.P. Maize Streak Virus Marx, P.A. Simian Retrovirus D Mason, W.S. Hepadnaviruses of Birds Mastro, T.D. AIDS: Global Epidemiology McBride, A.A. Papillomaviruses of Animals McCann, L. Prions of Yeast and Fungi McChesney, M. Measles Virus McCormick, J.B. Lassa, Junin, Machupo and Guanarito Viruses McFadden, G. Leporipoviruses and Suipoxviruses Yatapoxviruses McGavern, D.B. Antigen Presentation McNees, A.L. Simian Virus 40 Meier, M. Sobemovirus Mellor, P.S. African Horse Sickness Viruses Akabane Virus Orbiviruses Meng, X.J. Hepatitis E Virus Mercer, A.A. Parapoxviruses Mertens, P.P.C. African Horse Sickness Viruses Insect Reoviruses Orbiviruses Seadornaviruses Mettenleiter, T.C. Pseudorabies Virus Meyer, H. Smallpox and Monkeypox Viruses Meyer, R.F. Viruses and Bioterrorism Miller, B.R. Arboviruses Miller, C.J. Simian Immunodeficiency Virus: Animal Models of Disease Milne, R.G. Ophiovirus Ourmiavirus

Minor, P.D. Poliomyelitis Mjaaland, S. Infectious Salmon Anemia Virus Mocarski, E.S. Human Cytomegalovirus: General Features Persistent and Latent Viral Infection Moennig, V. Classical Swine Fever Virus Moffett, P. Plant Resistance to Viruses: Natural Resistance Associated with Dominant Genes Monath, T.P. Yellow Fever Virus Montelaro, R.C. Equine Infectious Anemia Virus Moore, P.S. Kaposi’s Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus: General Features Morales, F.J. Bean Golden Mosaic Virus Cereal Viruses: Rice Moriyama, H. Endornavirus Morris, T.J. Carmovirus Morse, S.A. Viruses and Bioterrorism Moser, L. Astroviruses Moury, B. Potato Virus Y Moyer, J.W. Tospovirus Moyer, R.W. Entomopoxviruses Müllbacher, A. Mousepox and Rabbitpox Viruses Muller, E. Cacao Swollen Shoot Virus Murphy, F.A. Epidemiology of Human and Animal Viral Diseases

N Nagasaki, K. Algal Viruses Nakayashiki, T. Prions of Yeast and Fungi Nash, A.A. Murine Gammaherpesvirus 68 Nathanson, N. Viral Pathogenesis Navaratnarajah, C.K. Assembly of Viruses: Enveloped Particles Nawaz-ul-Rehman, M.S. Emerging Geminiviruses Neil, J.C. Feline Leukemia and Sarcoma Viruses Nelson, R.S. Movement of Viruses in Plants Nettleton, P. Border Disease Virus Neuman, A.W. Human Immunodeficiency Viruses: Antiretroviral Agents Neurath, A.R. Immune Response to Viruses: Antibody-Mediated Immunity Nibert, M.L. Partitiviruses: General Features Nicoletti, L. Rift Valley Fever and Other Phleboviruses Noah, N. Disease Surveillance

Nuss, D.L. Hypoviruses

O Oberste, M.S. Coxsackieviruses O’Brien, W.A. AIDS: Disease Manifestation O’Callaghan, D.J. Herpesviruses of Horses Ochoa, W.F. Partitiviruses: General Features Odom, M.R. Virus Databases Oldstone, M.B.A. Antigen Presentation Immunopathology Olinger, G. Filoviruses Olson, K.E. Interfering RNAs Olspert, A. Sobemovirus Orth, G. Papillomaviruses: General Features of Human Viruses Osorio, J.E. Zoonoses Osterrieder, N. Herpesviruses of Birds Herpesviruses of Horses Overman, S.A. Filamentous ssDNA Bacterial Viruses Owens, R.A. Viroids

P Padmanabhan, M.S. Virus-Induced Gene Silencing (VIGS) Paessler, S. Togaviruses Causing Encephalitis Palese, P. Orthomyxoviruses: Molecular Biology Pallansch, M.A. Coxsackieviruses Palmarini, M. Jaagsiekte Sheep Retrovirus Palukaitis, P. Cucumber Mosaic Virus Satellite Nucleic Acids and Viruses Pandrea, I. Simian Immunodeficiency Virus: Natural Infection Papadopoulos, O. Cardioviruses Pappu, H.R. Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus Parker, S. Smallpox and Monkeypox Viruses Parrish, C.R. Parvoviruses of Vertebrates Pass, R.F. Human Cytomegalovirus: General Features Patterson, J.L. Leishmaniaviruses Paul, T.A. Fish Retroviruses Peaston, A.E. Retrotransposons of Vertebrates Peeters, M. Human Immunodeficiency Viruses: Origin Peiris, J.S.M.

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) Peters, P.J. AIDS: Global Epidemiology Pfeffer, M. Togaviruses Causing Encephalitis Pfister, H. Tumor Viruses: Human Planz, O. Bornaviruses Poon, L.L.M. Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) Poranen, M.M. Virus Entry to Bacterial Cells Porter, K. Viruses Infecting Euryarchaea Portner, A. Parainfluenza Viruses of Humans Possee, R.D. Baculoviruses: Expression Vector Poulter, R.T.M. Retrotransposons of Fungi Powers, A.M. Togaviruses: Alphaviruses Prangishvili, D. Crenarchaeal Viruses: Morphotypes and Genomes Preston, C.M. Herpesviruses: Latency

Q Qu, F. Carmovirus Quackenbush, S.L. Fish Retroviruses

R Ramirez, B.C. Tenuivirus Rapose, A. AIDS: Disease Manifestation Reddy, D.V.R. Pecluvirus Redwood, A.J. Cytomegaloviruses: Murine and Other Nonprimate Cytomegaloviruses Regner, M. Mousepox and Rabbitpox Viruses Reisen, W.K. St. Louis Encephalitis Vector Transmission of Animal Viruses Renault, T. Shellfish Viruses Revill, P.A. Barnaviruses Rezaian, A. Satellite Nucleic Acids and Viruses Ridpath, J.F. Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus Rima, B.K. Mumps Virus Rimstad, E. Infectious Salmon Anemia Virus Rixon, F.J. Cryo-Electron Microscopy Ro, Y.-T. Leishmaniaviruses Robinson, C.M. Human Eye Infections Rohrmann, G.F. Retroviruses of Insects Roivainen, M. Enteroviruses: Human Enteroviruses Numbered 68 and Beyond Roux, L.

Defective-Interfering Viruses Rovnak, J. Fish Retroviruses Rowlands, D.J. Foot and Mouth Disease Viruses Roy, P. Bluetongue Viruses Rubino, L. Necrovirus Ruigrok, R.W.H. Electron Microscopy of Viruses Rupprecht, C.E. Rabies Virus Russ, B.E. Viruses Infecting Euryarchaea Russell, R.J. Orthomyxoviruses: Structure of Antigens Ruyechan, W.T. Varicella-Zoster Virus: Molecular Biology Ryabov, E. Umbravirus Ryan, M.D. Enteroviruses of Animals Rybicki, E.P. Maize Streak Virus Vaccine Production in Plants Ryman, K.D. Togaviruses: General Features Togaviruses: Molecular Biology Ryu, K.H. Carlavirus Potexvirus

S Safak, M. Polyomaviruses of Humans Salas, M. Replication of Bacterial Viruses Samal, S.K. Paramyxoviruses of Animals Sample, C.E. Epstein–Barr Virus: Molecular Biology Sample, J.T. Epstein–Barr Virus: Molecular Biology Sandri-Goldin, R.M. Herpes Simplex Viruses: Molecular Biology Sanfaçon, H. Nepovirus Sanjuán, R. Quasispecies Santi, N. Infectious Pancreatic Necrosis Virus Sarmiento, C. Sobemovirus Sasaya, T. Varicosavirus Sattentau, Q.J. AIDS: Vaccine Development Savolainen-Kopra, C. Enteroviruses: Human Enteroviruses Numbered 68 and Beyond Schaffhausen, B. Polyomaviruses of Mice Scheets, K. Machlomovirus Schmitt, M.J. Viral Killer Toxins Schneemann, A. Nodaviruses Schoehn, G. Electron Microscopy of Viruses

Schoelz, J.E. Caulimoviruses: General Features Schonberger, L.B. Transmissible Spongiform Encephalopathies Schubert, U. Human Immunodeficiency Viruses: Molecular Biology Schultz, D.A. Smallpox and Monkeypox Viruses Schultz-Cherry, S. Astroviruses Schulz, T.F. Kaposi’s Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus: Molecular Biology Scotti, P.D. Dicistroviruses Semler, B.L. Picornaviruses: Molecular Biology Sharp, J.M. Jaagsiekte Sheep Retrovirus Shaw, M.L. Orthomyxoviruses: Molecular Biology Shellam, G.R. Cytomegaloviruses: Murine and Other Nonprimate Cytomegaloviruses Shepherd, D.N. Maize Streak Virus Sheppard, N.C. AIDS: Vaccine Development Shewmaker, F. Prions of Yeast and Fungi Signoret, P.A. Cereal Viruses: Maize/Corn Silaghi, A. Ebolavirus Silvestri, G. Human Immunodeficiency Viruses: Pathogenesis Simian Immunodeficiency Virus: Natural Infection Sit, T.L. Tombusviruses Sittidilokratna, N. Yellow Head Virus Skinner, M.A. Fowlpox Virus and Other Avipoxviruses Poxviruses Smith, D.W. Togaviruses Causing Rash and Fever Smith, G.L. Cowpox Virus Poxviruses Vaccinia Virus Smith, L.M. Cytomegaloviruses: Murine and Other Nonprimate Cytomegaloviruses Snijder, E.J. Arteriviruses Nidovirales Sova, M. AIDS: Disease Manifestation Speir, J.A. Tetraviruses Virus Particle Structure: Nonenveloped Viruses Virus Particle Structure: Principles Spencer, T.E. Jaagsiekte Sheep Retrovirus Sreenivasulu, P. Pecluvirus Stanley, J. Beet Curly Top Virus Stedman, K.M. Fuselloviruses of Archaea Stephan, D. Alphacryptovirus and Betacryptovirus

Stijger, C.C.M.M. Pepino Mosaic Virus Stitz, L. Bornaviruses Stockley, P.G. Icosahedral ssRNA Bacterial Viruses Strand, M.R. Polydnaviruses: Abrogation of Invertebrate Immune Systems Studdert, M.J. Bovine Herpesviruses Caliciviruses Suttle, C.A. Marnaviruses Suzuki, J.Y. Papaya Ringspot Virus Suzuki, N. Fungal Viruses Swanepoel, R. Flaviviruses of Veterinary Importance Symes, S.J. Caliciviruses Szittya, G. Plant Antiviral Defense: Gene Silencing Pathway

T Taliansky, M. Umbravirus Tattersall, P. Parvoviruses: General Features Tatusova, T. Virus Classification by Pairwise Sequence Comparison (PASC) Tavantzis, S. Partitiviruses of Fungi Taylor, J.M. Hepatitis Delta Virus Theilmann, D.A. Baculoviruses: Molecular Biology of Nucleopolyhedroviruses Thomas Allnutt, F.C. Taura Syndrome Virus Thomas, G.J., Jr. Filamentous ssDNA Bacterial Viruses Thomas, H.C. Hepatitis B Virus: General Features Thomas, J.E. Banana Bunchy Top Virus Thorburn, A.N. Viruses Infecting Euryarchaea Tijssen, P. Parvoviruses of Arthropods Tolin, S.A. Tobacco Viruses Torrance, L. Pomovirus Trapp, S. Herpesviruses of Birds Tripathi, S. Papaya Ringspot Virus Truve, E. Sobemovirus Tsai, J.-M. White Spot Syndrome Virus Tsompana, M. Tospovirus Tuma, R. Icosahedral Enveloped dsRNA Bacterial Viruses Turnell, A.S. Adenoviruses: Malignant Transformation and Oncology Tyler, K.L. Reoviruses: General Features

U

Uchiyama, A. Icosahedral ssDNA Bacterial Viruses Upton, C. Virus Databases Urisman, A. Diagnostic Techniques: Microarrays Uyemoto, J.K. Plant Virus Diseases: Fruit Trees and Grapevine

V Vaheri, A. Hantaviruses Vainionpää, R. Diagnostic Techniques: Serological and Molecular Approaches Vaira, A.M. Ophiovirus Van Alfen, N.K. Hypovirulence Van der Vlugt, R.A.A. Pepino Mosaic Virus Van Etten, J.L. Phycodnaviruses van Heuverswyn, F. Human Immunodeficiency Viruses: Origin van Oers, M.M. Iflavirus Van Regenmortel, M.H.V. Antigenicity and Immunogenicity of Viral Proteins Nature of Viruses Preface Tobacco Mosaic Virus Virus Species Venter, P.A. Nodaviruses Verchot-Lubicz, J. Viral Suppressors of Gene Silencing Vere Hodge, R.A. Antiviral Agents Vetten, H.J. Nanoviruses Villarreal, L.P. Evolution of Viruses Vlak, J.M. Oryctes Rhinoceros Virus Vogt, P.K. Retroviral Oncogenes Volkman, L.E. Baculoviruses: Pathogenesis Votteler, J. Human Immunodeficiency Viruses: Molecular Biology Voytas, D.F. Pseudoviruses

W Wadsworth, J.D.F. Prions of Vertebrates Wagner, E.K. Herpes Simplex Viruses: Molecular Biology Walker, P.J. Bovine Ephemeral Fever Virus Yellow Head Virus Wang, A.L. Giardiaviruses Wang, C.C. Giardiaviruses Wang, L.-F. Henipaviruses Wang, X. Brome Mosaic Virus Warrier, R.

Assembly of Viruses: Enveloped Particles Weaver, S.C. Togaviruses: General Features Togaviruses: Molecular Biology Webb, B.A. Polydnaviruses: General Features Weber, F. Innate Immunity: Introduction Weir, R.P. Animal Rhabdoviruses Weisberg, R.A. Transcriptional Regulation in Bacteriophage Weissenhorn, W. Membrane Fusion Welsh, R.M. Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus: General Features West, J.T. Antigenic Variation Westhof, E. Ribozymes Whelan, S.P.J. Vesicular Stomatitis Virus White, R.L. Lysis of the Host by Bacteriophage Whitehouse, C.A. Crimean–Congo Hemorrhagic Fever Virus and Other Nairoviruses Wickner, R.B. Prions of Yeast and Fungi Yeast L-A Virus Will, R.G. Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy Williams, T. Iridoviruses of Invertebrates Willoughby, K. Border Disease Virus Winter, S. Diagnostic Techniques: Plant Viruses Winton, J. Fish Rhabdoviruses

Y Yamamoto, J.K. Bovine and Feline Immunodeficiency Viruses Yoshida, M. Human T-Cell Leukemia Viruses: General Features Yoshikawa, N. Capillovirus, Foveavirus, Trichovirus, Vitivirus Young, L.S. Epstein–Barr Virus: General Features Young, R.F., III Lysis of the Host by Bacteriophage Yuill, T.M. Zoonoses

Z Zajac, A.J. Immune Response to Viruses: Cell-Mediated Immunity Zavriev, S.K. Allexivirus Ziebuhr, J. Nidovirales Zuniga, E.I. Antigen Presentation