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Automaton calculator
On an ,flutomalon Calculator.
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sharpness and boldness, which, it is the intention of the patentees to increase by using a greater degree of mechanical power. It is such a light material that it admits of being put up in large masses on ceilings, and in other situations, in relief. With regard to external properties, it is not at all affected by wet, nor by the vicissitudes of the atmosphere, being water proof. In centre pieces for ceiling, door panels, and other compositions, as it admits of being executed in larger pieces, it is mffeh less troublesome than the ordinary materials. The number of patterns for selection in the cannabic material at the present moment amounts to about four hundred, many of them quite new; but this number wilt speedily be increased, while the patentee will be most happy to afford every facility to architects who may wish to have patter~s executed fi'om their own designs. The price, it is stated, ranges from about 10 to 20 per cent. below the prices of articles in common use, at~d it is on this ground that tile patentees expect its extensive application. For decoration in the colonies and the East and West Indies, great difficulties at present exist, as most materials suffer rapid deterioration from the" climate. Tile supply of a durable and cheap material, will, therefore, be tile means of extending ornamental decorations in our extensive possessions: it is likewise well adapted for the decoration of steam vessels. Cir. Eng. and Arch. Jour.
Preparation o f a beautiful Green Color without Jlrsenic. 48 [bs. of sulphate of copper and ~o lbs. of biehromate of potash are dissol~'ed in the requisite quantity of water, and 2 lbs. of carbonate of potash, (pearlash) and 1 lb. of chalk added to the clear solution. The precipitate is pressed, dried, and rubbed to a powder. This color is not so beautiful as the Schweinfurth green, but is peculiarly well adapted for painting dwelling rooms and work shops, there being no fear of any poisoning from arsenic. By varying the proportions a number of different tints of this color may be obtained.~Biltheilunge~ des B6hm. Gewerbevereins, 1842, page 733. Chemical Gazette.
glutomaton Calculator. Dr. Roth's automaton calculator was exhibited, and its action explained by Mr. Wertheimber. He gave a short review of the various attempts at constructing calculating machines, noticing the Roman Abaeus, the calculating boxes of tile Chinese and Russians ; the several clas~es of instruments invented by Napier in 1617, by Perrault, and others, in 1720, and, subsequently, the slide rule invented by Michael Scheffelt, of UIm, in 1699; the more important machines attempted by Pascal in 1640, by Moreland in 1673, by Gersten, and Leibnitz, which were submitted to the Royal Society of London, and the Academic des Sciences in Paris; he then mentioned the machine
358
Mechanics, Physics, and Chemistry.
of Mr. Babbage, upon which upwards of £20,000 had been expended before the project was abandoned, and the finished part, which formed tables of progression up to five figures, was consigned to the museum of King's College, London. Dr. Roth's machine appeared very simple, and its results, which were severally tested, were very accurate; it performed all the operations of arithmetic from simple addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division of numbers,or of pounds, shillings, and pence, to vnlgar and decimal fractions, involution and evolution, and arithmetical and geometrical progression; it appeared particularly adapted for checking long calculations of quantities, for contractors, for merchant's counting house, or tbr government offices. The same principle had been adopted as counters for rotary, or reciprocating, machines, and they appeared from the compactness of their form, and their regularity of action, to be well adapted for the purpose. Cir. Eng. & Arch. Journ.
Braithwaite's Proce.ss of Produci~ Imitations of Carving in Wood. This invention was first,produced in France, but has not been carried out to any great extent in that country. In tile carving of wood, as usually performed, two persons are employed, the one to cut out the intended subject in the rough, and the other to finish it. When a particular design is required to be executed by Mr. Braithwaite's process, a mould is made of cast-iron of the intended pattern, which is then heated to "cherry-red;" the heated mould being placed ready to receive the wood, viz., oak, chesnut, or other hard wood, to be acted on; the piece of wood is then rapidly, and with a power of from ten to thirty tons, according to the depth of the ornament, pressed into the mould by means of a lever press; and this is repeated until the full relief is obtained. The wood is then thrown into cold water, the charred surface being afterwards scraped, or brushed, off, after each application to the mould. After about 250 impressions have been taken off, the mould requires chasing; the whole re)tuber of impressions that may be taken from one mould is from 4OO to 500. Trans. Soc. Arts, &c.
Experiments on Coffee. By JaM~s J. CUSNI.~GnA~I. The object of the present communication has reference to some experiments on coffee, which, I think, possess some novelty, if they have no other merit. It is well known that this article, during the process of roasting, loses from 19 to 25 per cent. of its weight, this is principally water evaporated at the very high temperature it is exposed to. I speculated that if this moisture could be previously withdrawn, without the application of heat, a much shorter exposure to a high temperature would afterwards be required to complete the
357
sharpness and boldness, which, it is the intention of the patentees to increase by using a greater degree of mechanical power. It is such a light material that it admits of being put up in large masses on ceilings, and in other situations, in relief. With regard to external properties, it is not at all affected by wet, nor by the vicissitudes of the atmosphere, being water proof. In centre pieces for ceiling, door panels, and other compositions, as it admits of being executed in larger pieces, it is mffeh less troublesome than the ordinary materials. The number of patterns for selection in the cannabic material at the present moment amounts to about four hundred, many of them quite new; but this number wilt speedily be increased, while the patentee will be most happy to afford every facility to architects who may wish to have patter~s executed fi'om their own designs. The price, it is stated, ranges from about 10 to 20 per cent. below the prices of articles in common use, at~d it is on this ground that tile patentees expect its extensive application. For decoration in the colonies and the East and West Indies, great difficulties at present exist, as most materials suffer rapid deterioration from the" climate. Tile supply of a durable and cheap material, will, therefore, be tile means of extending ornamental decorations in our extensive possessions: it is likewise well adapted for the decoration of steam vessels. Cir. Eng. and Arch. Jour.
Preparation o f a beautiful Green Color without Jlrsenic. 48 [bs. of sulphate of copper and ~o lbs. of biehromate of potash are dissol~'ed in the requisite quantity of water, and 2 lbs. of carbonate of potash, (pearlash) and 1 lb. of chalk added to the clear solution. The precipitate is pressed, dried, and rubbed to a powder. This color is not so beautiful as the Schweinfurth green, but is peculiarly well adapted for painting dwelling rooms and work shops, there being no fear of any poisoning from arsenic. By varying the proportions a number of different tints of this color may be obtained.~Biltheilunge~ des B6hm. Gewerbevereins, 1842, page 733. Chemical Gazette.
glutomaton Calculator. Dr. Roth's automaton calculator was exhibited, and its action explained by Mr. Wertheimber. He gave a short review of the various attempts at constructing calculating machines, noticing the Roman Abaeus, the calculating boxes of tile Chinese and Russians ; the several clas~es of instruments invented by Napier in 1617, by Perrault, and others, in 1720, and, subsequently, the slide rule invented by Michael Scheffelt, of UIm, in 1699; the more important machines attempted by Pascal in 1640, by Moreland in 1673, by Gersten, and Leibnitz, which were submitted to the Royal Society of London, and the Academic des Sciences in Paris; he then mentioned the machine
358
Mechanics, Physics, and Chemistry.
of Mr. Babbage, upon which upwards of £20,000 had been expended before the project was abandoned, and the finished part, which formed tables of progression up to five figures, was consigned to the museum of King's College, London. Dr. Roth's machine appeared very simple, and its results, which were severally tested, were very accurate; it performed all the operations of arithmetic from simple addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division of numbers,or of pounds, shillings, and pence, to vnlgar and decimal fractions, involution and evolution, and arithmetical and geometrical progression; it appeared particularly adapted for checking long calculations of quantities, for contractors, for merchant's counting house, or tbr government offices. The same principle had been adopted as counters for rotary, or reciprocating, machines, and they appeared from the compactness of their form, and their regularity of action, to be well adapted for the purpose. Cir. Eng. & Arch. Journ.
Braithwaite's Proce.ss of Produci~ Imitations of Carving in Wood. This invention was first,produced in France, but has not been carried out to any great extent in that country. In tile carving of wood, as usually performed, two persons are employed, the one to cut out the intended subject in the rough, and the other to finish it. When a particular design is required to be executed by Mr. Braithwaite's process, a mould is made of cast-iron of the intended pattern, which is then heated to "cherry-red;" the heated mould being placed ready to receive the wood, viz., oak, chesnut, or other hard wood, to be acted on; the piece of wood is then rapidly, and with a power of from ten to thirty tons, according to the depth of the ornament, pressed into the mould by means of a lever press; and this is repeated until the full relief is obtained. The wood is then thrown into cold water, the charred surface being afterwards scraped, or brushed, off, after each application to the mould. After about 250 impressions have been taken off, the mould requires chasing; the whole re)tuber of impressions that may be taken from one mould is from 4OO to 500. Trans. Soc. Arts, &c.
Experiments on Coffee. By JaM~s J. CUSNI.~GnA~I. The object of the present communication has reference to some experiments on coffee, which, I think, possess some novelty, if they have no other merit. It is well known that this article, during the process of roasting, loses from 19 to 25 per cent. of its weight, this is principally water evaporated at the very high temperature it is exposed to. I speculated that if this moisture could be previously withdrawn, without the application of heat, a much shorter exposure to a high temperature would afterwards be required to complete the