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Avoiding unnecessary drilling
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1325 HAFFEN,M SOLETANCHE ~ITREPRISE PARIS,F JANIN, J SOLETANCHE ENTRH~RISE PARIS,F Grouting cohesionless water-bearlng soils in city tunnels. Conference .lOF,36R. PROC.1ST N.AM~.RAPID ~D[CAV.TUNNELLING CONF.CHICAGO, 1972,AIME,V2,1972, P1539-1568. The general prluciples of grouting and the resources presently available to confer to soils of poor qualit. ies the required characteristics and the costs involved in the process are reviewed. Several examples of the application of grouting in tunnels are given. 1326 MATYSIK, A Cementation of loose rocks in the vicinity of mine workings in the light of model investigations. In Polish. ZESZ. NAUK. AKAD. GORN. HIII~.IM STANISL. STASZ. N472,197h, PT-111. The investigation reported was designed to determine the penetration range of cement grout into the modelled reed. ium, the changes in permeability of cemented rocks and the increase in their compressive strength. Tests were made using different medium structures, different values of grouting pressure and different concentrations of cement grout. The results of 250 tests are presented and an attempt is made at correlation. It is concluded that these tests can be used as the basis for the selection of optimlm parameters for the cementation of rocks. Auth. 1327 ~NCAST~Iq- JONES, PF C~ATION ENG. CROYDON,~3B The interpretation of the Lugeen water test.Technical note.iF,18R. Q.J. ~INGNG GEOL.V8, N2,1975, P151-154.
Soil stabilisation 1328 NETrERBERG, F NAT. INST .ROAD RES. PREYORIA, ZA Self-stsbilization of road bases - fact or fiction. Conference. Session two. Synopsis. 6TH REG.coNF.AFRICA, SOIL MECH.FOUND.ENGNG, DURBAN, SEI=T.1975, S .AFR. INST. C IV. ENGRS, 5P • Self-stabillzation is defined as a natural improvement in the wet strength or plasticity of a road foundation layer,not caused by traffic compactien or the addition of conventional stabilizing agents,such as lime or cement. The evidence for improvement In strength due to self.stabilizatien is reviewed~and it is c~acluded that,although many are of the opinion that it does take place3and although considerable increases in strengh have been attained in laboratory experiments, documented evidence of its importance in engineering practice is lacking. Auth. 1329 OL~,SA AHMADu BEI/D UNIV.ZARIA,wAN Stabilization of Nigerian lateritic soils with ce/nent~bitumen and lime. Conference. Session two. Symopsis. 6TH REG.CONF.AFRICA, SOIL MECH.FOUND.~qGNG, DURBAN, SEI~. 1975, S .AFR .INST .CIV. FI~GRS,8P. A typical well graded sand was stabilized with shelmac S-125 and its properties determined by means of CBR and unconfined compressio~ and absorption tests in the laboratory. The results were then related to field tests and it was concluded that these methods could be used to select bitumenous stabilizers. A very common lateritlc borrow material from Nigeria was then stabilized with cement,bitume~ and llme~and the properties studied. On the basis of this study it was cencluded that cement will continue to be the most important stabilizing agent in Nigerian lateritic soils in the foreseeable future. In view of this,more soil-cement stabilization tests were conducted and summaries of the results are presented. Auth.
Soil compaction 133o BOOTH, AR NAT. INST .ROAD RES.PREIDRIA, ZA The factors influencing collapse settlement in compacted soils. Conference. Session two. Sy1%opsis. 6TH REG.CONF.AFRICA, SOIL N~CH.FOUND.ENGNG, DURBAN, SEPT .1975, S .AFR. INST .CIV .ENGRS .7P • Laboratory oedemeter tests on partly saturated specimens of three soils were conducted. Specimens were compacted directly into standsrd oedometer rings using a mould devised for this Im/rpose,thus enabling sets of identical specimens to be made with shy density and ~isture content. The moisture content of each specin~=n was allowed to chs/~ge so that each set covered the complete range of saturation. The oedometer tests were carried out in the same way as the partly saturated half of the double oedometer test,and the collapse was measured. Sets of tests were carried out in which the initial dry density,the compaction ~isture content and the loading at wetting were each varied in turn. The results of the tests are reported, and the significance of each variable is assessed. Auth. 1331 WOI/4ARANS, CH CLIFFORD, JM An evaluation of the CSIR imDact roller. Conference. Session five. Synopsis. 6TH REG.CONF.AFRICA, SOIL MECH.FOUND.~GNG, DURBAN, SEPT. 1975, S .AFR. INST. CIV. ENGRS. Impact rolling is now being specified. This paper details field tests carried out with high energy impact rollers developed by the CSIR,on cohesive and granular materials. Sands,at low moisture content, are compacted to 9h percent of the Mod.AASHO density at a depth of 3-4 metres by surface compaction. On cohesive materials a density of 90 percent of the Mod. AASHO density is achieved in a single llft of 0.6m and a moisture content of three percent above the optimum. An imp. ortant result of the tests is the observation that a uniformity of densities is achieved across the site after ten passes with the impact roller,thereafter density gradually increases uniformly. A recon~nendation is made that all road works on Kalahsri sands be ten pass compacted. Auth.
Site investigation and field observation 1332 BROOKER, P I UN IV. ADELAIDE, S. A. AUS Avoiding unnecessary drillir~.2F,2T, iR. PROC .AUSTRALAS. INST .MIN.METALL.N253, MAR .1975,P21-23. The extra information brought by further drilling rosy seem necessary to achieve control over block grades ifelementary estimation techniques are used. A geostatistics& study of an Australian deposit shows that better estimation techniques at the end of the first drilling canloaign are sufficient to achieve required control. Subsequent drilling would be essential]$ wasteful. Auth.
1325 HAFFEN,M SOLETANCHE ~ITREPRISE PARIS,F JANIN, J SOLETANCHE ENTRH~RISE PARIS,F Grouting cohesionless water-bearlng soils in city tunnels. Conference .lOF,36R. PROC.1ST N.AM~.RAPID ~D[CAV.TUNNELLING CONF.CHICAGO, 1972,AIME,V2,1972, P1539-1568. The general prluciples of grouting and the resources presently available to confer to soils of poor qualit. ies the required characteristics and the costs involved in the process are reviewed. Several examples of the application of grouting in tunnels are given. 1326 MATYSIK, A Cementation of loose rocks in the vicinity of mine workings in the light of model investigations. In Polish. ZESZ. NAUK. AKAD. GORN. HIII~.IM STANISL. STASZ. N472,197h, PT-111. The investigation reported was designed to determine the penetration range of cement grout into the modelled reed. ium, the changes in permeability of cemented rocks and the increase in their compressive strength. Tests were made using different medium structures, different values of grouting pressure and different concentrations of cement grout. The results of 250 tests are presented and an attempt is made at correlation. It is concluded that these tests can be used as the basis for the selection of optimlm parameters for the cementation of rocks. Auth. 1327 ~NCAST~Iq- JONES, PF C~ATION ENG. CROYDON,~3B The interpretation of the Lugeen water test.Technical note.iF,18R. Q.J. ~INGNG GEOL.V8, N2,1975, P151-154.
Soil stabilisation 1328 NETrERBERG, F NAT. INST .ROAD RES. PREYORIA, ZA Self-stsbilization of road bases - fact or fiction. Conference. Session two. Synopsis. 6TH REG.coNF.AFRICA, SOIL MECH.FOUND.ENGNG, DURBAN, SEI=T.1975, S .AFR. INST. C IV. ENGRS, 5P • Self-stabillzation is defined as a natural improvement in the wet strength or plasticity of a road foundation layer,not caused by traffic compactien or the addition of conventional stabilizing agents,such as lime or cement. The evidence for improvement In strength due to self.stabilizatien is reviewed~and it is c~acluded that,although many are of the opinion that it does take place3and although considerable increases in strengh have been attained in laboratory experiments, documented evidence of its importance in engineering practice is lacking. Auth. 1329 OL~,SA AHMADu BEI/D UNIV.ZARIA,wAN Stabilization of Nigerian lateritic soils with ce/nent~bitumen and lime. Conference. Session two. Symopsis. 6TH REG.CONF.AFRICA, SOIL MECH.FOUND.~qGNG, DURBAN, SEI~. 1975, S .AFR .INST .CIV. FI~GRS,8P. A typical well graded sand was stabilized with shelmac S-125 and its properties determined by means of CBR and unconfined compressio~ and absorption tests in the laboratory. The results were then related to field tests and it was concluded that these methods could be used to select bitumenous stabilizers. A very common lateritlc borrow material from Nigeria was then stabilized with cement,bitume~ and llme~and the properties studied. On the basis of this study it was cencluded that cement will continue to be the most important stabilizing agent in Nigerian lateritic soils in the foreseeable future. In view of this,more soil-cement stabilization tests were conducted and summaries of the results are presented. Auth.
Soil compaction 133o BOOTH, AR NAT. INST .ROAD RES.PREIDRIA, ZA The factors influencing collapse settlement in compacted soils. Conference. Session two. Sy1%opsis. 6TH REG.CONF.AFRICA, SOIL N~CH.FOUND.ENGNG, DURBAN, SEPT .1975, S .AFR. INST .CIV .ENGRS .7P • Laboratory oedemeter tests on partly saturated specimens of three soils were conducted. Specimens were compacted directly into standsrd oedometer rings using a mould devised for this Im/rpose,thus enabling sets of identical specimens to be made with shy density and ~isture content. The moisture content of each specin~=n was allowed to chs/~ge so that each set covered the complete range of saturation. The oedometer tests were carried out in the same way as the partly saturated half of the double oedometer test,and the collapse was measured. Sets of tests were carried out in which the initial dry density,the compaction ~isture content and the loading at wetting were each varied in turn. The results of the tests are reported, and the significance of each variable is assessed. Auth. 1331 WOI/4ARANS, CH CLIFFORD, JM An evaluation of the CSIR imDact roller. Conference. Session five. Synopsis. 6TH REG.CONF.AFRICA, SOIL MECH.FOUND.~GNG, DURBAN, SEPT. 1975, S .AFR. INST. CIV. ENGRS. Impact rolling is now being specified. This paper details field tests carried out with high energy impact rollers developed by the CSIR,on cohesive and granular materials. Sands,at low moisture content, are compacted to 9h percent of the Mod.AASHO density at a depth of 3-4 metres by surface compaction. On cohesive materials a density of 90 percent of the Mod. AASHO density is achieved in a single llft of 0.6m and a moisture content of three percent above the optimum. An imp. ortant result of the tests is the observation that a uniformity of densities is achieved across the site after ten passes with the impact roller,thereafter density gradually increases uniformly. A recon~nendation is made that all road works on Kalahsri sands be ten pass compacted. Auth.
Site investigation and field observation 1332 BROOKER, P I UN IV. ADELAIDE, S. A. AUS Avoiding unnecessary drillir~.2F,2T, iR. PROC .AUSTRALAS. INST .MIN.METALL.N253, MAR .1975,P21-23. The extra information brought by further drilling rosy seem necessary to achieve control over block grades ifelementary estimation techniques are used. A geostatistics& study of an Australian deposit shows that better estimation techniques at the end of the first drilling canloaign are sufficient to achieve required control. Subsequent drilling would be essential]$ wasteful. Auth.