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B-7 Specific features of long distance medical transport
B-Y
B-8 SPECIFIC FEATURES OF LONG DISTANCE MEDICAL TRANSPORT
S e r g e I v a n o f f , M i c h a e l Rapp, C h r i s t i a n L a r a t t e , Europ A s s i s t a n c e M e d i c a l D e p a r t m e n t , 23 Rue C h a p t a l 75009 P a r i s , France I n t r o / M e t h o d s . We r e v i e w e d o u r c a s e s over the past 5 years involving long distance aeromedical transport to d e s c r i b e the f e a t u r e s which c h a r a c t e r i z e such transports. Of t h e 10,000 m e d i c a l t r a n s p o r t s d u r i n g 5 y e a r s , 1 , 0 0 0 meet o u r criteria of long distance aeromedical transport. These a r e a f l i g h t of 5 hours, with at least 8 hours of patient management and a d i s t a n c e o f 3 , 0 0 0 kilometers. Results. Air ambulances (24%) must not only have a longer range to limit the number of stops, but also they must have a larger interior to allow an additional pilot on board and a larger medical team. The airplanes the best adapted currently are the Falcon 50, Falcon 900 and the Challengair. Commercial airliners (76%) despite their own limitations are more comfortable than small air ambulances for missions with 3 stops. The medical equipment for cardiorespiratory resuscitation and monitoring must be autonomous and small in size. Inasmuch as the duration of patient management permits a change in biochemical values, it is of importance to be able to measure potassium, sodium, and pH, especially in medically underdeveloped countries involved where adequate medical evaluation has not been performed. The travel time to the patient and the duration of the transport also imposes the need for a medical team with qualifications which otherwise might not be necessary (90 % physicians in contrast to 40% for domestic transports). The need to function autonomously requires that delays and possible breakdowns must be taken into account in providing provisions for the medical team, oxygen and medical supplies. Conclusion. Although the types of pathology are the same for long or shorter distance transports, the duration of the mlsslons and distance involved impose additional constraints. Success in these missions depends upon dealing optimally with these constraints, the quality of medical organization, and the logistics provided by the local agents.
THE MILITARY SAR ORGANIZATION AS PART OF THE AEROMEDICAL SERVICE IN THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY. Hans H. Schlieben SAR-Coordinating Committee P o s t f a c h 902500/501/11 5000 Koeln 90 In accordance with the ICAO convention each contracting state is required to provide measures of assistance to aircraft in distress in its territories and territorial waters. The territory of the Federal Republic of Germany is subdivided into two SAR Regions (SRR). ~ Primary SAR assets a~e armed forces b e i n ~ SAR missions wi~t~h~ personnel a~ ~ ~'%~.!~ . . uate .
~ : ~ \ Q ~ the ~ y ready for ially trained .equipment.
In t h ~ ~y populated Federal R#puhlic of Germany are 35 Rescue Helicopters in permament readiness during daylight hours for civil air rescue. The German Air Force contributes to the Aeromedical Services 6 SAR helicopters based on military or civil hospitals. In addition 1 1 S A R helicopters of Air Force and Navy can be used day and night by the Aeromedical Services. SAR assets will be alerted primarily by the Air Traffic Services in case of aircraft accidents, but the Rescue Coordination Centers (RCC) will also respond to calls for assistance by local rescue control cells or any other civil rescue installation. Over 9.000 missions are flown by SAR helicopters every year, more than 90% are civil air rescue missions.
AX$ SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER1988 49
B-8 SPECIFIC FEATURES OF LONG DISTANCE MEDICAL TRANSPORT
S e r g e I v a n o f f , M i c h a e l Rapp, C h r i s t i a n L a r a t t e , Europ A s s i s t a n c e M e d i c a l D e p a r t m e n t , 23 Rue C h a p t a l 75009 P a r i s , France I n t r o / M e t h o d s . We r e v i e w e d o u r c a s e s over the past 5 years involving long distance aeromedical transport to d e s c r i b e the f e a t u r e s which c h a r a c t e r i z e such transports. Of t h e 10,000 m e d i c a l t r a n s p o r t s d u r i n g 5 y e a r s , 1 , 0 0 0 meet o u r criteria of long distance aeromedical transport. These a r e a f l i g h t of 5 hours, with at least 8 hours of patient management and a d i s t a n c e o f 3 , 0 0 0 kilometers. Results. Air ambulances (24%) must not only have a longer range to limit the number of stops, but also they must have a larger interior to allow an additional pilot on board and a larger medical team. The airplanes the best adapted currently are the Falcon 50, Falcon 900 and the Challengair. Commercial airliners (76%) despite their own limitations are more comfortable than small air ambulances for missions with 3 stops. The medical equipment for cardiorespiratory resuscitation and monitoring must be autonomous and small in size. Inasmuch as the duration of patient management permits a change in biochemical values, it is of importance to be able to measure potassium, sodium, and pH, especially in medically underdeveloped countries involved where adequate medical evaluation has not been performed. The travel time to the patient and the duration of the transport also imposes the need for a medical team with qualifications which otherwise might not be necessary (90 % physicians in contrast to 40% for domestic transports). The need to function autonomously requires that delays and possible breakdowns must be taken into account in providing provisions for the medical team, oxygen and medical supplies. Conclusion. Although the types of pathology are the same for long or shorter distance transports, the duration of the mlsslons and distance involved impose additional constraints. Success in these missions depends upon dealing optimally with these constraints, the quality of medical organization, and the logistics provided by the local agents.
THE MILITARY SAR ORGANIZATION AS PART OF THE AEROMEDICAL SERVICE IN THE FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF GERMANY. Hans H. Schlieben SAR-Coordinating Committee P o s t f a c h 902500/501/11 5000 Koeln 90 In accordance with the ICAO convention each contracting state is required to provide measures of assistance to aircraft in distress in its territories and territorial waters. The territory of the Federal Republic of Germany is subdivided into two SAR Regions (SRR). ~ Primary SAR assets a~e armed forces b e i n ~ SAR missions wi~t~h~ personnel a~ ~ ~'%~.!~ . . uate .
~ : ~ \ Q ~ the ~ y ready for ially trained .equipment.
In t h ~ ~y populated Federal R#puhlic of Germany are 35 Rescue Helicopters in permament readiness during daylight hours for civil air rescue. The German Air Force contributes to the Aeromedical Services 6 SAR helicopters based on military or civil hospitals. In addition 1 1 S A R helicopters of Air Force and Navy can be used day and night by the Aeromedical Services. SAR assets will be alerted primarily by the Air Traffic Services in case of aircraft accidents, but the Rescue Coordination Centers (RCC) will also respond to calls for assistance by local rescue control cells or any other civil rescue installation. Over 9.000 missions are flown by SAR helicopters every year, more than 90% are civil air rescue missions.
AX$ SEPTEMBER/OCTOBER1988 49