- Email: [email protected]
Bacteria as predisposing factors for subclinical endometritis
reproductive biology 13s (2013) 22–64
55
fibrosis. In the mare, chronic degenerative endometritis can lead to endometrial fibrosis and infertility. Prostaglandin (PG) secretion and PG synthases expression are changed in the mare's fibrotic endometrium. The role of NETs components (ELA, CAT and MPO) and pro-fibrotic cytokine connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) on PG and markers of fibrosis in equine endometrium was evaluated. The mares' (n = 5; luteal phase) endometrial explants were cultured for 24 h, 48 h and 72 h with: (i) medium – control; or with (ii) ELA (0.5, 1 mg/ml); (iii) CAT (0.1, 1 mg/ml); (iv) MPO (0.1, 0.5 mg/ml); (v) CTGF (100, 200 ng/ml) or (vi) positive control TNFa (10 ng/ml). Culture medium was analyzed by EIA for PGF2a, PGE2 and fibrosis putative markers (TIMP-1; TGFb-1). After 24 h, all treatments, except for TNF, decreased PGF2a and PGE2 secretion ( p < 0.05). TNF increased PGF2a at 72 h ( p < 0.001). Between 24 h and 72 h there was an increase in: (i) PGF2a, with ELA (1 mg/ml), MPO (0.1 mg/ml, 0.5 mg/ml), CAT (1 mg/ml), CTGF (100 ng/ml, 200 ng/ml) and TNF ( p < 0.05); (ii) PGE2, with CAT (1 mg/ml) and TNF ( p < 0.01). CTGF (100 ng/ml) increased TIMP-1 ( p < 0.05), between 24 h and 48 h. Between 24 h and 72 h, a two-fold increase in TGFb-1 was observed after ELA (1 mg/ml), CTGF (100 ng/ml) and TNF, even though not significant. These results suggest a possible involvement of ELA and CTGF in mare endometrial fibrosis establishment. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.repbio.2013.01.070 P5.18 Reproductive pathology in laying hens – A pilot study S. Saraiva 1, A. Esteves 2, C. Saraiva 2, F. Seixas 2 Directorate of Veterinary Services of the Centre Region, Directorate-General of Food and Veterinary, Quinta do Fontelo, Viseu, Portugal 2 Department of Veterinary Sciences, CECAV, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal 1
Diseases that affect the reproductive tract in laying hens are mostly due to the continued selection of fowl for high egg production. This study was performed to evaluate the incidence of lesions of the reproductive system in commercial laying hens (Gallus domesticus). Twelve flocks from different farms were slaughtered at ages ranging from 74 to 118 weeks of life. During the post mortem examination of 33,839 laying hens at the slaughterhouse line, 1188 (3.5%) were rejected by different causes. From these, the reproductive pathology concerning the ovary and oviduct disorders (developmental, inflammatory and neoplastic) corresponded to 727 (61.2%) of the post mortem rejections. Salpingitis was observed in 213 (17.9%) cases, peritonitis in 276 (23.2%) cases, leiomyoma in 84 (7.1%) cases and other neoplastic disorders were found in 154 (13.0%) cases. Samples were collected for histopathological examination. In this study we presented some macro and microscopic findings observed in slaughtered laying hens. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.repbio.2013.01.071
P5.19 Bacteria as predisposing factors for subclinical endometritis A. Sens, W. Heuwieser Clinic for Animal Reproduction, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany Subclinical endometritis (SE) has a severe negative impact on reproductive performance of dairy cows. Different studies showed a variety of cut off points for the amount of polymorph nuclear neutrophil leucocytes (PMNL) to define SE and differing sampling times. Possible risk factors for SE, such as low body condition score, hyperketonemia or increased haptoglobin concentrations have been demonstrated. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between bacterial findings in the uterus and PMNL in the early postpartum period and to compare different classification systems for the diagnosis of SE. Cytological and bacteriological samples from the uterus were taken from 280 cows between 21 and 27 DIM using the cytobrush technique and vaginal discharge was examined by vaginoscopy. One hundred and forty-nine cows were additionally sampled at 10 1 DIM. PMNL cut off points were set at 5, 10 and 18%. Cows positive for alpha-haemolytic Streptococci at 10 1 DIM had greater odds (2.45) for SE (i.e. more than 18% PMNL) between 21 and 27 DIM and more days to pregnancy (median 193.5 d) than cows not infected (median 123.0 d). Escherichia coli or Trueperella pyogenes had no effect on the prevalence of SE. Primiparous cows with more than 18% PMNL had more days to pregnancy (median 144.5 d) than cows with less than 5% (median 80.0 d) or between 5 and 18% (median 68.0 d). Cows between 5 and 18% PMNL or 10 and 18% PMNL showed the best reproductive performance. The results demonstrate that an early infection with alpha-haemolytic Streptococci is a risk factor for the emergence of SE and the limit of 18% PMNL between 21 and 27 DIM is a predictive cut off point to diagnose animals with or without SE. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.repbio.2013.01.072
P5.20 The characterization of interleukin 1b in equine endometrium in the course of endometriosis A.Z. Szóstek 1, K. Jankowska 1, D.J. Skarzynski 1, G. Ferreira-Dias 2 1 Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Olsztyn, Poland 2 CIISA, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, TULisbon, Portugal Endometrosis has been considered as the main cause of embryonic loss in the mare. The aim of the present study was to characterize the immunolocalization, mRNA transcription and the influence of interleukin 1b (IL-1b) on prostaglandin (PG) secretion and prostaglandin synthases mRNA transcription in the endometrial tissue in the course of endometrosis.
55
fibrosis. In the mare, chronic degenerative endometritis can lead to endometrial fibrosis and infertility. Prostaglandin (PG) secretion and PG synthases expression are changed in the mare's fibrotic endometrium. The role of NETs components (ELA, CAT and MPO) and pro-fibrotic cytokine connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) on PG and markers of fibrosis in equine endometrium was evaluated. The mares' (n = 5; luteal phase) endometrial explants were cultured for 24 h, 48 h and 72 h with: (i) medium – control; or with (ii) ELA (0.5, 1 mg/ml); (iii) CAT (0.1, 1 mg/ml); (iv) MPO (0.1, 0.5 mg/ml); (v) CTGF (100, 200 ng/ml) or (vi) positive control TNFa (10 ng/ml). Culture medium was analyzed by EIA for PGF2a, PGE2 and fibrosis putative markers (TIMP-1; TGFb-1). After 24 h, all treatments, except for TNF, decreased PGF2a and PGE2 secretion ( p < 0.05). TNF increased PGF2a at 72 h ( p < 0.001). Between 24 h and 72 h there was an increase in: (i) PGF2a, with ELA (1 mg/ml), MPO (0.1 mg/ml, 0.5 mg/ml), CAT (1 mg/ml), CTGF (100 ng/ml, 200 ng/ml) and TNF ( p < 0.05); (ii) PGE2, with CAT (1 mg/ml) and TNF ( p < 0.01). CTGF (100 ng/ml) increased TIMP-1 ( p < 0.05), between 24 h and 48 h. Between 24 h and 72 h, a two-fold increase in TGFb-1 was observed after ELA (1 mg/ml), CTGF (100 ng/ml) and TNF, even though not significant. These results suggest a possible involvement of ELA and CTGF in mare endometrial fibrosis establishment. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.repbio.2013.01.070 P5.18 Reproductive pathology in laying hens – A pilot study S. Saraiva 1, A. Esteves 2, C. Saraiva 2, F. Seixas 2 Directorate of Veterinary Services of the Centre Region, Directorate-General of Food and Veterinary, Quinta do Fontelo, Viseu, Portugal 2 Department of Veterinary Sciences, CECAV, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal 1
Diseases that affect the reproductive tract in laying hens are mostly due to the continued selection of fowl for high egg production. This study was performed to evaluate the incidence of lesions of the reproductive system in commercial laying hens (Gallus domesticus). Twelve flocks from different farms were slaughtered at ages ranging from 74 to 118 weeks of life. During the post mortem examination of 33,839 laying hens at the slaughterhouse line, 1188 (3.5%) were rejected by different causes. From these, the reproductive pathology concerning the ovary and oviduct disorders (developmental, inflammatory and neoplastic) corresponded to 727 (61.2%) of the post mortem rejections. Salpingitis was observed in 213 (17.9%) cases, peritonitis in 276 (23.2%) cases, leiomyoma in 84 (7.1%) cases and other neoplastic disorders were found in 154 (13.0%) cases. Samples were collected for histopathological examination. In this study we presented some macro and microscopic findings observed in slaughtered laying hens. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.repbio.2013.01.071
P5.19 Bacteria as predisposing factors for subclinical endometritis A. Sens, W. Heuwieser Clinic for Animal Reproduction, Freie Universität Berlin, Germany Subclinical endometritis (SE) has a severe negative impact on reproductive performance of dairy cows. Different studies showed a variety of cut off points for the amount of polymorph nuclear neutrophil leucocytes (PMNL) to define SE and differing sampling times. Possible risk factors for SE, such as low body condition score, hyperketonemia or increased haptoglobin concentrations have been demonstrated. The objective of this study was to determine the relationship between bacterial findings in the uterus and PMNL in the early postpartum period and to compare different classification systems for the diagnosis of SE. Cytological and bacteriological samples from the uterus were taken from 280 cows between 21 and 27 DIM using the cytobrush technique and vaginal discharge was examined by vaginoscopy. One hundred and forty-nine cows were additionally sampled at 10 1 DIM. PMNL cut off points were set at 5, 10 and 18%. Cows positive for alpha-haemolytic Streptococci at 10 1 DIM had greater odds (2.45) for SE (i.e. more than 18% PMNL) between 21 and 27 DIM and more days to pregnancy (median 193.5 d) than cows not infected (median 123.0 d). Escherichia coli or Trueperella pyogenes had no effect on the prevalence of SE. Primiparous cows with more than 18% PMNL had more days to pregnancy (median 144.5 d) than cows with less than 5% (median 80.0 d) or between 5 and 18% (median 68.0 d). Cows between 5 and 18% PMNL or 10 and 18% PMNL showed the best reproductive performance. The results demonstrate that an early infection with alpha-haemolytic Streptococci is a risk factor for the emergence of SE and the limit of 18% PMNL between 21 and 27 DIM is a predictive cut off point to diagnose animals with or without SE. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.repbio.2013.01.072
P5.20 The characterization of interleukin 1b in equine endometrium in the course of endometriosis A.Z. Szóstek 1, K. Jankowska 1, D.J. Skarzynski 1, G. Ferreira-Dias 2 1 Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research, Olsztyn, Poland 2 CIISA, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, TULisbon, Portugal Endometrosis has been considered as the main cause of embryonic loss in the mare. The aim of the present study was to characterize the immunolocalization, mRNA transcription and the influence of interleukin 1b (IL-1b) on prostaglandin (PG) secretion and prostaglandin synthases mRNA transcription in the endometrial tissue in the course of endometrosis.