- Email: [email protected]
Bacteriologic Evaluation of Electric Clippers for Surgical Hair Removal
0022-5347 /85/1334-0735$02.00/0 Vol. 133, April
THE JOURNAL OF UROLOGY
Copyright© 1985 by The Williams & Wilkins Co.
Printed in U.S.A.
ABSTRACTS ferons to inhibit DNA synthesis, and its effects in human tumor cell lines demonstrate the potential of this drug for future clinical studies as an antiviral and antitumor agent. N. V. R. 3 figures, 2 tables, 22 references
INFECTIONS AND ANTIBIOTICS Spectinomycin as Initial Treatment for Gonorrhoea C.
s.
F. EASMON, G. E. FORSTER, G. D. WALKER, C. A. ISON, J. R. HARRIS AND P. E. MUNDAY, Department
w.
of Medical Microbiology, St. Mary's Hospital Medical School and Department of Venereology, St. Mary's Hospital, London, England Brit. Med. J., 289: 1032-1034 (Oct. 20) 1984 An exponential increase from less than 0.5 per cent in 1978 to 6.5 per cent in 1982 was noted in the prevalence of penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae at Praed Street Clinic in London. As a result, in January 1983 the authors changed their first line treatment for uncomplicated heterosexual anogenital gonorrhea from ampicillin and probenecid to spectinomycin. Their treatment regimen in homosexual men was not altered owing to the low incidence of penicillinase-producing N. gonorrhoeae in that subgroup. Of the subsequent cases 95 per cent were cured. A slowing of the increase in the prevalence of this strain was noted in 1983, with an increase of 8. 7 per cent. The authors postulate that the failure to slow this increase more significantly may be due to the development of spectinomycin resistance in penicillinase-producing and nonpenicillinase-producing N. gonorrhoeae. They also note that a change in treatment regimens in a single clinic is unlikely to change the prevalence ofpenicillinase-producing N. gonorrhoeae in the population at large. Caution and close followup are urged to prevent the development of resistance when the routine use of spectinomycin is instituted. R. C. N. 2 figures, 1 table, 12 references
Poly 1-Mercapto Poly C: Antiviral, Anticellular, and Pharmacologic Effects K. A. VASTOLA, Y.-K. Ho, T. J. BARDOS, B. J. GROSSMAYER, L. FRUCK-DIVIAK AND J. A. O'MALLORY, Roswell Park Memorial Institute and State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
Res. Comm. Chem. Path. Pharm., 45: 407-419 (Sept.) 1984 Structural modification of polycytidylic acid by thiolation of position 5 of some of the bases results in the formation of mercaptopolycytidylic acid. This polynucleotide exerts inhibitory effects on certain nucleic acid polymerases from bacteria, ribonucleic acid tumor viruses, Burkitt's lymphoma cells and mammalian tissues. Mercaptopolycytidylic acid also has been shown to inhibit the colony-forming ability of the progenitor cells of leukemic mice. Annealing of mercaptopolycytidylic acid to polyinosinic acid (poly I) results in the formation of double stranded poly Imercaptopolycytidylic acid. The authors investigated the interferon-inducing ability, in vivo toxic effects, and effects on deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis and human tumor cell lines of poly I-mercaptopolycytidylic acid. Poly I-mercaptopolycytidylic acid was capable of inducing human a, (3 and 'Y interferons in the appropriate cell systems. This study indicated that poly I-mercaptopolycytidylic acid inhibited DNA synthesis and colony formation, and was cytotoxic in several human tumor cell lines. The ability of poly Imercaptopolycytidylic acids to induce human a, (3 and 'Y inter-
Bacteriologic Evaluation of Electric Clippers for Surgical Hair Removal
T.
M. MASTERSON, G. T. RODEHEAVER, R. F. MORGAN AND R. F. EDLICH, Department of Plastic Surgery, Univer-
sity of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia Amer. J. Surg., 148: 301-302 (Sept.) 1984 Removal of hair from the operative site significantly decreases the incidence of postoperative wound infections. Removal of hair with clippers, rather than a razor, the morning of the operation results in the least number of infections. For these reasons the authors have evaluated the role of the clipper as a carrier of bacterial infections, particularly when the clippers have been used on several patients. More than 100,000 bacteria per clipper blade were found in 3 of the 12 clipper blade assemblies studied. The blades had not been cleaned previously. It is recommended that the blade be cleansed with petroleum distillates, oiled and placed in a plastic bag for ethylene oxide sterilization. The clipper then is reassembled aseptically with sterile gloves. The use of a depilatory is not recommended by the authors because of possible eye or genital irritation. J. A. A. 2 figures, 7 references
The Changing Pathogenesis of Aspergilloma or "Fungus Ball" J. BARDANA, JR., Allergy Section, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, Oregon N. Y. State J. Med., 84: 436-437 (Sept.) 1984 The fungus ball is regarded as a saprophytic manifestation of Aspergillus growing in a preformed and poorly drained lung space. Most aspergillomas develop in the wake of a pulmonary insult that results in the formation of a lung cavity. The most common antecedent disease is tuberculosis. Other conditions associated with development of aspergilloma include sarcoidosis, cavitary neoplasm, lung abscess and so forth. Aspergillomas developing in post-radiation cavities have been reported recently. This condition represents part of a clinical setting that is evolving rapidly as one of the major disorders associated with development of pulmonary aspergillosis and aspergilloma. Also, aspergillosis is the second most frequent fungal infection en countered in immunocompromised patients. Antineoplastic agents and cytotoxic drugs act as predisposing factors by inducing leukopenia and immunosuppression. As we become more successful in treating all forms of neoplasms, the incidence of aspergilloma in the immunocompromised patient will increase significantly. Earlier diagnosis and improved chemotherapy of mycobacterial disease have resulted in a decrease of aspergilloma as a common sequela of tuberculosis. On the other hand, improved survival rates for malignancies have resulted in an increased frequency of mycetoma as a manifestation of acute or chronic invasive aspergillosis. N. V. R. 17 references
735
E.
THE JOURNAL OF UROLOGY
Copyright© 1985 by The Williams & Wilkins Co.
Printed in U.S.A.
ABSTRACTS ferons to inhibit DNA synthesis, and its effects in human tumor cell lines demonstrate the potential of this drug for future clinical studies as an antiviral and antitumor agent. N. V. R. 3 figures, 2 tables, 22 references
INFECTIONS AND ANTIBIOTICS Spectinomycin as Initial Treatment for Gonorrhoea C.
s.
F. EASMON, G. E. FORSTER, G. D. WALKER, C. A. ISON, J. R. HARRIS AND P. E. MUNDAY, Department
w.
of Medical Microbiology, St. Mary's Hospital Medical School and Department of Venereology, St. Mary's Hospital, London, England Brit. Med. J., 289: 1032-1034 (Oct. 20) 1984 An exponential increase from less than 0.5 per cent in 1978 to 6.5 per cent in 1982 was noted in the prevalence of penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae at Praed Street Clinic in London. As a result, in January 1983 the authors changed their first line treatment for uncomplicated heterosexual anogenital gonorrhea from ampicillin and probenecid to spectinomycin. Their treatment regimen in homosexual men was not altered owing to the low incidence of penicillinase-producing N. gonorrhoeae in that subgroup. Of the subsequent cases 95 per cent were cured. A slowing of the increase in the prevalence of this strain was noted in 1983, with an increase of 8. 7 per cent. The authors postulate that the failure to slow this increase more significantly may be due to the development of spectinomycin resistance in penicillinase-producing and nonpenicillinase-producing N. gonorrhoeae. They also note that a change in treatment regimens in a single clinic is unlikely to change the prevalence ofpenicillinase-producing N. gonorrhoeae in the population at large. Caution and close followup are urged to prevent the development of resistance when the routine use of spectinomycin is instituted. R. C. N. 2 figures, 1 table, 12 references
Poly 1-Mercapto Poly C: Antiviral, Anticellular, and Pharmacologic Effects K. A. VASTOLA, Y.-K. Ho, T. J. BARDOS, B. J. GROSSMAYER, L. FRUCK-DIVIAK AND J. A. O'MALLORY, Roswell Park Memorial Institute and State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York
Res. Comm. Chem. Path. Pharm., 45: 407-419 (Sept.) 1984 Structural modification of polycytidylic acid by thiolation of position 5 of some of the bases results in the formation of mercaptopolycytidylic acid. This polynucleotide exerts inhibitory effects on certain nucleic acid polymerases from bacteria, ribonucleic acid tumor viruses, Burkitt's lymphoma cells and mammalian tissues. Mercaptopolycytidylic acid also has been shown to inhibit the colony-forming ability of the progenitor cells of leukemic mice. Annealing of mercaptopolycytidylic acid to polyinosinic acid (poly I) results in the formation of double stranded poly Imercaptopolycytidylic acid. The authors investigated the interferon-inducing ability, in vivo toxic effects, and effects on deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis and human tumor cell lines of poly I-mercaptopolycytidylic acid. Poly I-mercaptopolycytidylic acid was capable of inducing human a, (3 and 'Y interferons in the appropriate cell systems. This study indicated that poly I-mercaptopolycytidylic acid inhibited DNA synthesis and colony formation, and was cytotoxic in several human tumor cell lines. The ability of poly Imercaptopolycytidylic acids to induce human a, (3 and 'Y inter-
Bacteriologic Evaluation of Electric Clippers for Surgical Hair Removal
T.
M. MASTERSON, G. T. RODEHEAVER, R. F. MORGAN AND R. F. EDLICH, Department of Plastic Surgery, Univer-
sity of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, Virginia Amer. J. Surg., 148: 301-302 (Sept.) 1984 Removal of hair from the operative site significantly decreases the incidence of postoperative wound infections. Removal of hair with clippers, rather than a razor, the morning of the operation results in the least number of infections. For these reasons the authors have evaluated the role of the clipper as a carrier of bacterial infections, particularly when the clippers have been used on several patients. More than 100,000 bacteria per clipper blade were found in 3 of the 12 clipper blade assemblies studied. The blades had not been cleaned previously. It is recommended that the blade be cleansed with petroleum distillates, oiled and placed in a plastic bag for ethylene oxide sterilization. The clipper then is reassembled aseptically with sterile gloves. The use of a depilatory is not recommended by the authors because of possible eye or genital irritation. J. A. A. 2 figures, 7 references
The Changing Pathogenesis of Aspergilloma or "Fungus Ball" J. BARDANA, JR., Allergy Section, Oregon Health Sciences University, Portland, Oregon N. Y. State J. Med., 84: 436-437 (Sept.) 1984 The fungus ball is regarded as a saprophytic manifestation of Aspergillus growing in a preformed and poorly drained lung space. Most aspergillomas develop in the wake of a pulmonary insult that results in the formation of a lung cavity. The most common antecedent disease is tuberculosis. Other conditions associated with development of aspergilloma include sarcoidosis, cavitary neoplasm, lung abscess and so forth. Aspergillomas developing in post-radiation cavities have been reported recently. This condition represents part of a clinical setting that is evolving rapidly as one of the major disorders associated with development of pulmonary aspergillosis and aspergilloma. Also, aspergillosis is the second most frequent fungal infection en countered in immunocompromised patients. Antineoplastic agents and cytotoxic drugs act as predisposing factors by inducing leukopenia and immunosuppression. As we become more successful in treating all forms of neoplasms, the incidence of aspergilloma in the immunocompromised patient will increase significantly. Earlier diagnosis and improved chemotherapy of mycobacterial disease have resulted in a decrease of aspergilloma as a common sequela of tuberculosis. On the other hand, improved survival rates for malignancies have resulted in an increased frequency of mycetoma as a manifestation of acute or chronic invasive aspergillosis. N. V. R. 17 references
735
E.