- Email: [email protected]
Balance training affects the psychophysiological characteristics of older women
136
International Journal of Psychophysiology 94 (2014) 120–261
intensity PA was associated with hippocampal volume (β = .167, p = .003) after controlling for age, but light-intensity PA (β = −.021, p = .713) and total PA (β = .011, p = .844) were not. Moderateintensity PA was not directly associated with memory but significantly contributed to hippocampal volume; hippocampal volume loss was significantly and directly associated with poor memory performance. In the results of a randomized trial, a sub-analysis of subjects with amnestic MCI (n = 50) for group × time interactions revealed that the exercise group exhibited significantly better mini-mental state examination and logical memory scores, and reduced whole brain cortical atrophy compared to the control group. A higher level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor was significantly related to improved cognitive function. Thus, higher levels of moderate rather than light or total PA are associated with hippocampal volume. Further, the effects of moderate-intensity PA on memory are mediated by hippocampal volume. Therefore, the type of PA is likely more important than the duration. An exercise intervention including aerobic exercise and dualtask training may be beneficial for improving logical memory, maintaining general cognitive function, and reducing whole brain cortical atrophy in older adults with amnestic MCI. Our findings imply that regular moderate-intensity PA even at the MCI stage may have a beneficial influence on hippocampal volume, which may affect memory loss. The current results of randomized trials indicate that exercise interventions could provide cognitive benefits for older adults with MCI. Follow-up investigation is required to determine whether these effects can be applied to the prevention or delayed onset of Alzheimer's disease in older adults with MCI. doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2014.08.632
Positive association between childhood fitness and cognitive control Keita Kamijo, Hiroaki Masaki Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Japan Recent neuroelectric studies using event-related brain potentials (ERPs) have indicated that childhood fitness is positively associated with cognitive control, such as interference control, cognitive flexibility, and action monitoring. Accordingly, it has been hypothesized that this positive association is selectively and disproportionately greater for higher-order cognitive functions in the prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). To test this hypothesis, we examined whether childhood fitness is associated with neuroelectric and behavioral measures of action monitoring. Lower-fit (n = 21) and higher-fit (n = 21) children performed a modified flanker task while assessing their task performance and the error-related negativity (ERN). The flanker task was performed under two conditions in which the probability of congruent and incongruent trials was manipulated, such that in the mostly congruent (MC) condition, 70% of trials were congruent and 30% were incongruent, whereas in the mostly incongruent (MI) condition, 30% of trials were congruent and 70% were incongruent. Results indicated that higher-fit children exhibited higher post-error response accuracy in the MC relative to the MI condition, whereas lower-fit children had comparable post-error response accuracy in both conditions. Neuroelectric data indicated that higherfit children exhibited smaller ERN amplitude in the MI condition relative to the MC condition, whereas lower-fit children had comparable ERN amplitudes in both conditions. The decreased ERN amplitude (i.e., decreased ACC activation) in the MI condition in higher-fit children might reflect a strategic shift from bottom-up reactive control to topdown proactive control. That is, higher-fit children might exhibit higher post-error response accuracy in the MC relative to the MI condition, since they might be biased toward adopting a reactive control strategy in the MC condition. By contrast, lower-fit children might be unable to
enact this strategy shift, as reflected by a lack of changes in post-error response accuracy and ERN amplitude between the two conditions. These data supported our hypothesis that greater fitness is associated with an increased flexibility in the modulation of cognitive control networks involving the prefrontal cortex and ACC. doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2014.08.633
Balance training affects the psychophysiological characteristics of older women Andrey Podoinikova, Olga M. Bazanovaa, Ekaterina D. Nikolenkoa, Natalia Kholodinaa, Oleg V. Kubryakb a State-Research Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Russia b Anokhin's Scientific Research Institute of Normal Physiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia Background: Balance training is one of the most important aspects of prevention of falls in older people, especially women. Aikido techniques involve execution of movements based on the preservation of balance. However, psychophysiological benefits of using Aikido in training balance in older women have not yet been studied. Purpose of this study is to examine the impact of balance training with Aikido on the psychophysiological characteristics of older women. Methods: EEG, ECG, EMG and stabilometric characteristics (the length of displacement of the center of pressure(DCoP) and energy demands for DCoP fluctuating) were recorded at rest in sitting and standing positions during eyes closed and open and during the fine motor finger (FMF) test in three groups of women, balanced by age (50–72 years): 13 were trained to maintain balance with the help of aikido techniques (AT), 13 doing fitness (F) over 2 years and 11 — do not exercise the last 10 years (С). All participants completed psychometric tests of situational and personal psychoemotional tension and well-being. Results: Psychoemotional tension and well-being indices did not differ among women of AT and F, but were lower than in group C. In rest condition sit-to-standing test increases the power in the low frequency alpha-range, EEG alpha-band width, heart rate variability and simultaneously reduces forehead muscle tension and energy inputs to maintain a balance only in the group AT, does not change these indices in the group F and has the opposite effect on the EEG, EMG and ECG indices in women of the group C. FMF test does not reduce the alpha power and does not increase the muscle tension and energy for CoP perturbation in standing position only in the AT group. Electrophysiological signs of postural control expressed better in women in the group AT than in groups F and C. Conclusions: Balance training may not only provide a basis for postural control skills, but also optimize the performance of psychomotor tasks by elderly. This study was supported by grant of the Russian Foundation for Humanitarian Research (project a-14-06-00951). doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2014.08.634
Symposium A3 Neurodynamic of emotion and pathology Organizers: Henrique Sequeira (France) & Joëlle Martineau (France) Emotion is a complex collection of neurocognitive, physiological and behavioral components. According to this psychophysiological
International Journal of Psychophysiology 94 (2014) 120–261
intensity PA was associated with hippocampal volume (β = .167, p = .003) after controlling for age, but light-intensity PA (β = −.021, p = .713) and total PA (β = .011, p = .844) were not. Moderateintensity PA was not directly associated with memory but significantly contributed to hippocampal volume; hippocampal volume loss was significantly and directly associated with poor memory performance. In the results of a randomized trial, a sub-analysis of subjects with amnestic MCI (n = 50) for group × time interactions revealed that the exercise group exhibited significantly better mini-mental state examination and logical memory scores, and reduced whole brain cortical atrophy compared to the control group. A higher level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor was significantly related to improved cognitive function. Thus, higher levels of moderate rather than light or total PA are associated with hippocampal volume. Further, the effects of moderate-intensity PA on memory are mediated by hippocampal volume. Therefore, the type of PA is likely more important than the duration. An exercise intervention including aerobic exercise and dualtask training may be beneficial for improving logical memory, maintaining general cognitive function, and reducing whole brain cortical atrophy in older adults with amnestic MCI. Our findings imply that regular moderate-intensity PA even at the MCI stage may have a beneficial influence on hippocampal volume, which may affect memory loss. The current results of randomized trials indicate that exercise interventions could provide cognitive benefits for older adults with MCI. Follow-up investigation is required to determine whether these effects can be applied to the prevention or delayed onset of Alzheimer's disease in older adults with MCI. doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2014.08.632
Positive association between childhood fitness and cognitive control Keita Kamijo, Hiroaki Masaki Faculty of Sport Sciences, Waseda University, Japan Recent neuroelectric studies using event-related brain potentials (ERPs) have indicated that childhood fitness is positively associated with cognitive control, such as interference control, cognitive flexibility, and action monitoring. Accordingly, it has been hypothesized that this positive association is selectively and disproportionately greater for higher-order cognitive functions in the prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). To test this hypothesis, we examined whether childhood fitness is associated with neuroelectric and behavioral measures of action monitoring. Lower-fit (n = 21) and higher-fit (n = 21) children performed a modified flanker task while assessing their task performance and the error-related negativity (ERN). The flanker task was performed under two conditions in which the probability of congruent and incongruent trials was manipulated, such that in the mostly congruent (MC) condition, 70% of trials were congruent and 30% were incongruent, whereas in the mostly incongruent (MI) condition, 30% of trials were congruent and 70% were incongruent. Results indicated that higher-fit children exhibited higher post-error response accuracy in the MC relative to the MI condition, whereas lower-fit children had comparable post-error response accuracy in both conditions. Neuroelectric data indicated that higherfit children exhibited smaller ERN amplitude in the MI condition relative to the MC condition, whereas lower-fit children had comparable ERN amplitudes in both conditions. The decreased ERN amplitude (i.e., decreased ACC activation) in the MI condition in higher-fit children might reflect a strategic shift from bottom-up reactive control to topdown proactive control. That is, higher-fit children might exhibit higher post-error response accuracy in the MC relative to the MI condition, since they might be biased toward adopting a reactive control strategy in the MC condition. By contrast, lower-fit children might be unable to
enact this strategy shift, as reflected by a lack of changes in post-error response accuracy and ERN amplitude between the two conditions. These data supported our hypothesis that greater fitness is associated with an increased flexibility in the modulation of cognitive control networks involving the prefrontal cortex and ACC. doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2014.08.633
Balance training affects the psychophysiological characteristics of older women Andrey Podoinikova, Olga M. Bazanovaa, Ekaterina D. Nikolenkoa, Natalia Kholodinaa, Oleg V. Kubryakb a State-Research Institute of Molecular Biology and Biophysics, Siberian Branch, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Russia b Anokhin's Scientific Research Institute of Normal Physiology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow, Russia Background: Balance training is one of the most important aspects of prevention of falls in older people, especially women. Aikido techniques involve execution of movements based on the preservation of balance. However, psychophysiological benefits of using Aikido in training balance in older women have not yet been studied. Purpose of this study is to examine the impact of balance training with Aikido on the psychophysiological characteristics of older women. Methods: EEG, ECG, EMG and stabilometric characteristics (the length of displacement of the center of pressure(DCoP) and energy demands for DCoP fluctuating) were recorded at rest in sitting and standing positions during eyes closed and open and during the fine motor finger (FMF) test in three groups of women, balanced by age (50–72 years): 13 were trained to maintain balance with the help of aikido techniques (AT), 13 doing fitness (F) over 2 years and 11 — do not exercise the last 10 years (С). All participants completed psychometric tests of situational and personal psychoemotional tension and well-being. Results: Psychoemotional tension and well-being indices did not differ among women of AT and F, but were lower than in group C. In rest condition sit-to-standing test increases the power in the low frequency alpha-range, EEG alpha-band width, heart rate variability and simultaneously reduces forehead muscle tension and energy inputs to maintain a balance only in the group AT, does not change these indices in the group F and has the opposite effect on the EEG, EMG and ECG indices in women of the group C. FMF test does not reduce the alpha power and does not increase the muscle tension and energy for CoP perturbation in standing position only in the AT group. Electrophysiological signs of postural control expressed better in women in the group AT than in groups F and C. Conclusions: Balance training may not only provide a basis for postural control skills, but also optimize the performance of psychomotor tasks by elderly. This study was supported by grant of the Russian Foundation for Humanitarian Research (project a-14-06-00951). doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2014.08.634
Symposium A3 Neurodynamic of emotion and pathology Organizers: Henrique Sequeira (France) & Joëlle Martineau (France) Emotion is a complex collection of neurocognitive, physiological and behavioral components. According to this psychophysiological