- Email: [email protected]
Balanced design criterion for a three dimensional filament-matrix composite
ionic polymerization of lactones. Fibre is drawn through and impregnated with a melt which is stable for at least 30 minutes at the melt temperature and a stripper leaves a glass content of approximately 60% by weight in the final product. Composite body
(Maschinenfabrik Augsburg-Nfirnberg Aktiengesellschaft) U K Patent 1 262 847
(9 February 1972) Composite bodies of high mechanical strength, Itexural rigidity and low weight, consist of a thermally hardened fibre-reinforced plastics body produced by winding on a dimensionally stable mandrel, reinforced with high strength fibres which do'not expand longitudinally when heated. A metal body of high stren.gth to weight ratio covers the pipe. creating compressive stresses in the axial and radial direction in the t)ody.
Improvements in or relating to compositions for use as coating materials for glass fibres
(Fibreglass Ltd) UK Patent 1 263 072 (9
l"ebruary 1972) Glass fibres are coated with a trialkoxy terminated unsaturated polyester resin prior to being incorporated into an unsaturated polyester as reinforcement. -Fhis prior treatment results in improved fibre compatibility in the final composite. Method and apparatus for manufacturing fibrous cement sheets
(F. L. Smidth and Co A/S) UK Patent
I 263 486 (9 February 1972) Fibrous cement sheets consist of winding a strip of moist fibrous cement on to a roller to form a layer which consists of several thicknesses of strip. T h e layer is generally cut parallel with
the roller axis and the layers unwound from the roller for delivery as cement webs on to a moving conveyer, the conveyer speed decreasing on the addition of a second web. T h e first speed is greater than the peripheral speed of the roller, the second less. Method of forming a fibrous sheet
Gibson, P. L. and Bronislaw, R. (Wiggins Teape Research and Development Ltd) UK Patent 1 263 812 (16 February 1972) A continuous method is described for forming fibre-containing polymeric sheet capable of being thermo-formed or cold pressed. This involves forming a paste from a particulate solid polymer and a binder, a fibrous pulp, and mixing these in the ratio of 25-75% paste to 75-25% fibre, draining on a foramimou.g screen and drying.
Abstracts of journals Compiled by Dr H. A. Barker, I. Bell, B. Gill and R. Warren, Department of Metallurgy and Materials Technology, University of Surrey, Guildford, England GENERAL
Balanced design criterion for a three dimensional filament-matrix composite
Sweet, J. Fibre Science and Technology,
Vol 4, No 2, p 139 (October 1971) Advanced composite application to spacecraft and missile components
Forest, J. D., Hertz, J. and Christian.
J. SAMPE Quarterly, Vol 3, No 2, pp 34-44 (January 1972) Properties of both organic and metal matrix composites are reviewed and a number of aerospace applications described. Analysis of fibre-reinforced materials by an initial strain method
()wen, D. R. J. Fibre Science and Tech-
,ology, Vol 5, No 1, p 37 (January 1972) In this highly mathemati'cal paper, expressions for the stress and displacement fields in fibre reinforced materials are developed and results generated by Fourier methods from solutions for a periodic distribution of Eigen strains. It is concluded that these solutions could be extended to three dimensions and that it would be possible to analyse the problem of a three-dimensional fibre system in the neighbourhood of a free surface given the computer facilities.
In this mathematical paper a criterion is established which defines an orthogonal three dimensional composite such that it is no stronger than required in any given direction. Results are presented for a shell with various quantities of radial fibres and different ctegrees of porosity. T h e criterion can be used with different stress-strain relationships, local conditions and failure criteria and it is claimed that whatever the model, there is an optimum winding pattern for the purpose.
Thomas, John A. G. SAMPE Quar-
terly, Vol 3, No 2, pp 45-57 (January 1972) A wide range of applications of carbonfibre-reinforced plastics in the UK are described, both in the aerospace industx5' and in general engineering.
Design techniques and allowables criteria for composite materials
Grimes, Glenn C. SAMPE Quarterly,
Vol 3, No 2, pp 67-76 IJanuary 1972)
tech-
A statistical and deterministic approach is applied to obtaining material design allowables from static properties of reinforced plastics. Static allowables determination methods are included with some of the parameters affecting these criteria. Relevant experimental data are reviewed.
31etallmgia and Metal Forming, Vol 39, No 2, pp 39-40 (Februa D, 1972)
Effect of vibrations on the strength of glass fiber
Compositesnology
a
well-estublished
A brief description is given of the nature of composite materials, their applications, and aspects of the technology of their production. Computational theory of bending curves: Part I. The initial value problem for the three-dimensional elastic bending curve
Konopasek, M. and Hearle, J. w . s.
Fibre Science and Technology, Vol 5, No 1, p 1 (]anuary 1972) Applications of carbon-fibre composites in the United Kingdom
case, the model is designed specifically to provide easy programming so that a computer may be used. It is suggested that the computer programmes for the solution of three-dimensional bending curves may be applied to the mathematical investigation of twisted and textured yarns.
In order to facilitate evaluation of the stress-strain situation in fibres and other essentially one dimensional bodies in bending and torsion, a mathematical model of the threedimensional bending curve is developed. In order to integrate this large set of non-linear differentials numerically for solution of the general
Bartenev, G. M. and Motorina, L. I.
Glass and Ceramics, Vol 28, pp 185-187 (March-April 1971) T h e strength of glass fbres has been found to, be affected by weak vibrations arising, for instance, from 6ther machinery in the laboratory or street traffic close to the building. This may be significant where vibration is used as a technological production process as in glass-cement composites. A frequency of 15 Hz was found to cause about 20% reduction in strength. At 110 Hz resonance occurred in the fibre giving a threefold increase in amplitude and reducing the strength by 50%, but there was no dependence on frequency apart from this. Protracted vibrations at low loads also reduced the strength of the fibres.
COMPOSITES July 1972
189
(Maschinenfabrik Augsburg-Nfirnberg Aktiengesellschaft) U K Patent 1 262 847
(9 February 1972) Composite bodies of high mechanical strength, Itexural rigidity and low weight, consist of a thermally hardened fibre-reinforced plastics body produced by winding on a dimensionally stable mandrel, reinforced with high strength fibres which do'not expand longitudinally when heated. A metal body of high stren.gth to weight ratio covers the pipe. creating compressive stresses in the axial and radial direction in the t)ody.
Improvements in or relating to compositions for use as coating materials for glass fibres
(Fibreglass Ltd) UK Patent 1 263 072 (9
l"ebruary 1972) Glass fibres are coated with a trialkoxy terminated unsaturated polyester resin prior to being incorporated into an unsaturated polyester as reinforcement. -Fhis prior treatment results in improved fibre compatibility in the final composite. Method and apparatus for manufacturing fibrous cement sheets
(F. L. Smidth and Co A/S) UK Patent
I 263 486 (9 February 1972) Fibrous cement sheets consist of winding a strip of moist fibrous cement on to a roller to form a layer which consists of several thicknesses of strip. T h e layer is generally cut parallel with
the roller axis and the layers unwound from the roller for delivery as cement webs on to a moving conveyer, the conveyer speed decreasing on the addition of a second web. T h e first speed is greater than the peripheral speed of the roller, the second less. Method of forming a fibrous sheet
Gibson, P. L. and Bronislaw, R. (Wiggins Teape Research and Development Ltd) UK Patent 1 263 812 (16 February 1972) A continuous method is described for forming fibre-containing polymeric sheet capable of being thermo-formed or cold pressed. This involves forming a paste from a particulate solid polymer and a binder, a fibrous pulp, and mixing these in the ratio of 25-75% paste to 75-25% fibre, draining on a foramimou.g screen and drying.
Abstracts of journals Compiled by Dr H. A. Barker, I. Bell, B. Gill and R. Warren, Department of Metallurgy and Materials Technology, University of Surrey, Guildford, England GENERAL
Balanced design criterion for a three dimensional filament-matrix composite
Sweet, J. Fibre Science and Technology,
Vol 4, No 2, p 139 (October 1971) Advanced composite application to spacecraft and missile components
Forest, J. D., Hertz, J. and Christian.
J. SAMPE Quarterly, Vol 3, No 2, pp 34-44 (January 1972) Properties of both organic and metal matrix composites are reviewed and a number of aerospace applications described. Analysis of fibre-reinforced materials by an initial strain method
()wen, D. R. J. Fibre Science and Tech-
,ology, Vol 5, No 1, p 37 (January 1972) In this highly mathemati'cal paper, expressions for the stress and displacement fields in fibre reinforced materials are developed and results generated by Fourier methods from solutions for a periodic distribution of Eigen strains. It is concluded that these solutions could be extended to three dimensions and that it would be possible to analyse the problem of a three-dimensional fibre system in the neighbourhood of a free surface given the computer facilities.
In this mathematical paper a criterion is established which defines an orthogonal three dimensional composite such that it is no stronger than required in any given direction. Results are presented for a shell with various quantities of radial fibres and different ctegrees of porosity. T h e criterion can be used with different stress-strain relationships, local conditions and failure criteria and it is claimed that whatever the model, there is an optimum winding pattern for the purpose.
Thomas, John A. G. SAMPE Quar-
terly, Vol 3, No 2, pp 45-57 (January 1972) A wide range of applications of carbonfibre-reinforced plastics in the UK are described, both in the aerospace industx5' and in general engineering.
Design techniques and allowables criteria for composite materials
Grimes, Glenn C. SAMPE Quarterly,
Vol 3, No 2, pp 67-76 IJanuary 1972)
tech-
A statistical and deterministic approach is applied to obtaining material design allowables from static properties of reinforced plastics. Static allowables determination methods are included with some of the parameters affecting these criteria. Relevant experimental data are reviewed.
31etallmgia and Metal Forming, Vol 39, No 2, pp 39-40 (Februa D, 1972)
Effect of vibrations on the strength of glass fiber
Compositesnology
a
well-estublished
A brief description is given of the nature of composite materials, their applications, and aspects of the technology of their production. Computational theory of bending curves: Part I. The initial value problem for the three-dimensional elastic bending curve
Konopasek, M. and Hearle, J. w . s.
Fibre Science and Technology, Vol 5, No 1, p 1 (]anuary 1972) Applications of carbon-fibre composites in the United Kingdom
case, the model is designed specifically to provide easy programming so that a computer may be used. It is suggested that the computer programmes for the solution of three-dimensional bending curves may be applied to the mathematical investigation of twisted and textured yarns.
In order to facilitate evaluation of the stress-strain situation in fibres and other essentially one dimensional bodies in bending and torsion, a mathematical model of the threedimensional bending curve is developed. In order to integrate this large set of non-linear differentials numerically for solution of the general
Bartenev, G. M. and Motorina, L. I.
Glass and Ceramics, Vol 28, pp 185-187 (March-April 1971) T h e strength of glass fbres has been found to, be affected by weak vibrations arising, for instance, from 6ther machinery in the laboratory or street traffic close to the building. This may be significant where vibration is used as a technological production process as in glass-cement composites. A frequency of 15 Hz was found to cause about 20% reduction in strength. At 110 Hz resonance occurred in the fibre giving a threefold increase in amplitude and reducing the strength by 50%, but there was no dependence on frequency apart from this. Protracted vibrations at low loads also reduced the strength of the fibres.
COMPOSITES July 1972
189