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BARBERS AND SURGEONS.
1788
half-namely, 25 per cent. of the whole. 5 per cent. were Germans ; 10 per cent. were Russians and Scandinavians ; 10 per cent. were Italians, Spanish, Portuguese, and South Americans ; 4 per cent. were Roumanians, Serbs, and Bulgarians ; and 1 per cent. were Greeks, Turks, Japanese, and Haitiens. By far the greater number of these persons were students of both sexes and after them in order of their numbers came professors, medical men, engineers, men of letters, lawyers and barristers, archaeologists, artists, and journalists. Some of the professors of the Sorbonne itself found it useful to consult the great store of practical information which has been accumulated. Dr. Blondel, in his official report of the working of the Bureau, somewhat woefully relates the odd experiences to which such an institution is exposed. Thus it often happens that a bevy of young ladies accompanied by their mother will enter the office and at once monopolise all the vacant chairs. Then they will ask numerous and minute questions and it seen becomes evident that they have not made up their minds to follow any particular line of study but are striving, on the contrary, to get information that will enable them to come to a conOf the specialties tlusion in the choice of a career. about which the greatest number of questions are asked are those that relate to diseases of the eye, dermatology, It is found also that nervous diseases, and gynaecology. most of the foreigners are not particularly anxious to attend gratuitous classes but are, on the contrary, quite willing to pay. They complain, however, and very bitterly, that most of these courses extend over a period of at least six months. They often cannot afford to in Paris remain for such a long time. At Berlin, at Vienna, and elsewhere there are courses held with the lectures following each other in rapid succession, and these are consequently terminated within the limits of a much shorter visit to those capitals. Professor Budin, at the Tarnier gynaecological clinique, and Professor Lapersonne, at the opbtbalmological clinique of the Hotel Dieu, have organised something of this sort but they are notable exceptions to The most surprising thing about this the general rule. institution is that though it does so much and such useful work it nevertheless possesses only very slender resources. Thus the director-general of the entire establishment enjoys the munificent salary of Z4 per annum. Evidently this was a magnanimous attempt to pay his cab fares. The chief secretary, who has to be there all the time during which the Bureau is open and therefore cannot well attend to any other business, receives £60 a year. The clerk and the interpreter only receive £48 each, which, with the dearness of provisions in Paris, does not seem to be a living wage. It is to be hoped that in the course of time, as the merits of the Bureau become still more widely known and appreciated, something will be done to improve the position of those who are rendering great service annually to many thousand visitors coming from all parts of the world.
On Dec. 5th, however, the bodies absolutely ceased. in a most pleasant manner renewed old association was at a Court of Assistants of the Barbers’ Company, when Mr. John Tweedy, the President of the Royal College of Surgeons, was admitted to the freedom and livery of the Company and may thus be truly said to have become a " barber-surgeon." The charming old hall in which this ceremony took place was designed by Inigo Jones in 1636 and fortunately escaped the great fire of 1666, its walls being still adorned with many valuable and historic pictures the works of Vandyke, Sir Peter Lely, Sir Joshua Reynolds, Gainsborough, and others, whilst to crown all is the world-renowned picture by Holbein representing Henry VIII. presenting a charter to the barber-surgeons. Nor has the Company been less fortunate in the preservation of some choice old plate, notably the Tudor Grace cup and cover (plate mark 1519) presented by Henry VIII., the Royal Oak cup presented by Charles II. in commemoration of his escape at Boscobel, a large silver punch bowl presented by Queen Anne, and numerous other fine specimens of old silver. Surrounded by these delightful reminiscences of the past the President was entertained at a banquet in the evening, and in responding to the toast of the "Junior Liveryman" spoke with pride and pleasure of his association with the guild and the hall which had once been the home of so many of his illustrious predecessors.
TRAUMATIC ULCER OF THE STOMACH. A CASE of very considerable interest is recorded by Dr, Fertig of Cassel in the Münchener Jledicinische Wochenschrift of Sept. 12tb. The patient was a man, aged 28 years, who half an hour after a heavy breakfast received a kick in the
BARBERS AND SURGEONS.
I
AT the hall of the ancient City Guild of Barbers an interesting event occurred on Dec. 5th. From the earliest times both in England and on the continent the art of the barber walked, so to speak, hand in hand with that of the surgeon, whilst as evidencing the antiquity of the London Guild of Barber-Surgeons they have preserved a list of their Masters from the year 1308. This union was dissolved by Act of Parliament in 1745, thenceforth the Barbers’ Company retaining the old hall in Monkwell-street, where it had been situate since the days of Richard II., ’together with the corporate property, records, plate, and pictures, whilst the surgeons were created a separate company out of which grew the Royal College of Surgeons of England, and all connexion between the two
middle of the abdomen. He was unconscious for a quarter of an hour, at the end of which he complained of abdominal pain and difficulty in breathing. There was no vomiting but frequent retching. On examination he was found to be cyanotic and breathing with difficulty. The abdomen was slightly distended, tender, and very rigid. The percussion note was tympanitic everywhere except in the flanks. A perforation of the gut or an internal haemorrhage was suspected and an exploratory laparotomy was therefore carried out two and a half hours after the injury but with negative results, the only condition found being a small quantity of blood in the region of the gastro-hepatic ligament. Two days after the operation a considerable degree of meteorism developed associated with vomiting; otherwise the patient was comfortable with a full and strong pulse. The vomit was red in colour but this was attributed to some red wine which he had been given a short time previously. The bowels were relieved and the faeces were free from blood. On the evening of the fourth day the patient vomited blood and became very collapsed and pale. Next day the hæmatemesis persisted and the anasmia. became more marked. On washing out the stomach a large quantity of blood and blood clot was removed. The diagnosis of traumatic ulcer of the stomach was then made but the desperate condition of the patient was held to render further operation inadvisable. Nothing but ice was given by the mouth, large quantities of normal saline solution were infused, and ergotin was administered hypodermically, but without avail ; the vomiting persisted, blood appeared in large quantity in the stools, and death occurred during the night. At the necropsy there was no peritonitis and, apart from the conditions found in the stomach, there was no sign of injury. The stomach contained a large cake of blood clot and along the lesser curvatures of the organ there were four ulcers, one behind the other. Three of them were of rounded form, with a diameter of from a half to one centimetre ; the fourth, which was nearest the pylorus being about five centimetres from it, was of oval form, three
half-namely, 25 per cent. of the whole. 5 per cent. were Germans ; 10 per cent. were Russians and Scandinavians ; 10 per cent. were Italians, Spanish, Portuguese, and South Americans ; 4 per cent. were Roumanians, Serbs, and Bulgarians ; and 1 per cent. were Greeks, Turks, Japanese, and Haitiens. By far the greater number of these persons were students of both sexes and after them in order of their numbers came professors, medical men, engineers, men of letters, lawyers and barristers, archaeologists, artists, and journalists. Some of the professors of the Sorbonne itself found it useful to consult the great store of practical information which has been accumulated. Dr. Blondel, in his official report of the working of the Bureau, somewhat woefully relates the odd experiences to which such an institution is exposed. Thus it often happens that a bevy of young ladies accompanied by their mother will enter the office and at once monopolise all the vacant chairs. Then they will ask numerous and minute questions and it seen becomes evident that they have not made up their minds to follow any particular line of study but are striving, on the contrary, to get information that will enable them to come to a conOf the specialties tlusion in the choice of a career. about which the greatest number of questions are asked are those that relate to diseases of the eye, dermatology, It is found also that nervous diseases, and gynaecology. most of the foreigners are not particularly anxious to attend gratuitous classes but are, on the contrary, quite willing to pay. They complain, however, and very bitterly, that most of these courses extend over a period of at least six months. They often cannot afford to in Paris remain for such a long time. At Berlin, at Vienna, and elsewhere there are courses held with the lectures following each other in rapid succession, and these are consequently terminated within the limits of a much shorter visit to those capitals. Professor Budin, at the Tarnier gynaecological clinique, and Professor Lapersonne, at the opbtbalmological clinique of the Hotel Dieu, have organised something of this sort but they are notable exceptions to The most surprising thing about this the general rule. institution is that though it does so much and such useful work it nevertheless possesses only very slender resources. Thus the director-general of the entire establishment enjoys the munificent salary of Z4 per annum. Evidently this was a magnanimous attempt to pay his cab fares. The chief secretary, who has to be there all the time during which the Bureau is open and therefore cannot well attend to any other business, receives £60 a year. The clerk and the interpreter only receive £48 each, which, with the dearness of provisions in Paris, does not seem to be a living wage. It is to be hoped that in the course of time, as the merits of the Bureau become still more widely known and appreciated, something will be done to improve the position of those who are rendering great service annually to many thousand visitors coming from all parts of the world.
On Dec. 5th, however, the bodies absolutely ceased. in a most pleasant manner renewed old association was at a Court of Assistants of the Barbers’ Company, when Mr. John Tweedy, the President of the Royal College of Surgeons, was admitted to the freedom and livery of the Company and may thus be truly said to have become a " barber-surgeon." The charming old hall in which this ceremony took place was designed by Inigo Jones in 1636 and fortunately escaped the great fire of 1666, its walls being still adorned with many valuable and historic pictures the works of Vandyke, Sir Peter Lely, Sir Joshua Reynolds, Gainsborough, and others, whilst to crown all is the world-renowned picture by Holbein representing Henry VIII. presenting a charter to the barber-surgeons. Nor has the Company been less fortunate in the preservation of some choice old plate, notably the Tudor Grace cup and cover (plate mark 1519) presented by Henry VIII., the Royal Oak cup presented by Charles II. in commemoration of his escape at Boscobel, a large silver punch bowl presented by Queen Anne, and numerous other fine specimens of old silver. Surrounded by these delightful reminiscences of the past the President was entertained at a banquet in the evening, and in responding to the toast of the "Junior Liveryman" spoke with pride and pleasure of his association with the guild and the hall which had once been the home of so many of his illustrious predecessors.
TRAUMATIC ULCER OF THE STOMACH. A CASE of very considerable interest is recorded by Dr, Fertig of Cassel in the Münchener Jledicinische Wochenschrift of Sept. 12tb. The patient was a man, aged 28 years, who half an hour after a heavy breakfast received a kick in the
BARBERS AND SURGEONS.
I
AT the hall of the ancient City Guild of Barbers an interesting event occurred on Dec. 5th. From the earliest times both in England and on the continent the art of the barber walked, so to speak, hand in hand with that of the surgeon, whilst as evidencing the antiquity of the London Guild of Barber-Surgeons they have preserved a list of their Masters from the year 1308. This union was dissolved by Act of Parliament in 1745, thenceforth the Barbers’ Company retaining the old hall in Monkwell-street, where it had been situate since the days of Richard II., ’together with the corporate property, records, plate, and pictures, whilst the surgeons were created a separate company out of which grew the Royal College of Surgeons of England, and all connexion between the two
middle of the abdomen. He was unconscious for a quarter of an hour, at the end of which he complained of abdominal pain and difficulty in breathing. There was no vomiting but frequent retching. On examination he was found to be cyanotic and breathing with difficulty. The abdomen was slightly distended, tender, and very rigid. The percussion note was tympanitic everywhere except in the flanks. A perforation of the gut or an internal haemorrhage was suspected and an exploratory laparotomy was therefore carried out two and a half hours after the injury but with negative results, the only condition found being a small quantity of blood in the region of the gastro-hepatic ligament. Two days after the operation a considerable degree of meteorism developed associated with vomiting; otherwise the patient was comfortable with a full and strong pulse. The vomit was red in colour but this was attributed to some red wine which he had been given a short time previously. The bowels were relieved and the faeces were free from blood. On the evening of the fourth day the patient vomited blood and became very collapsed and pale. Next day the hæmatemesis persisted and the anasmia. became more marked. On washing out the stomach a large quantity of blood and blood clot was removed. The diagnosis of traumatic ulcer of the stomach was then made but the desperate condition of the patient was held to render further operation inadvisable. Nothing but ice was given by the mouth, large quantities of normal saline solution were infused, and ergotin was administered hypodermically, but without avail ; the vomiting persisted, blood appeared in large quantity in the stools, and death occurred during the night. At the necropsy there was no peritonitis and, apart from the conditions found in the stomach, there was no sign of injury. The stomach contained a large cake of blood clot and along the lesser curvatures of the organ there were four ulcers, one behind the other. Three of them were of rounded form, with a diameter of from a half to one centimetre ; the fourth, which was nearest the pylorus being about five centimetres from it, was of oval form, three