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Basic Mechanisms of Ocular Motility and Their Clinical Implications
330
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY
University and Hospital as having the appropriate institutional resources for such an institute. Dr. Wilmer came to Johns Hopkins in 1925 and after four years the Wilmer In stitute was dedicated, with Sir John Herbert Parson, Hofrath Ernst Fuchs, and Dr. George E. deSchweinitz in attendance. Since then the history of the Institute has been written in medical, surgical, and research advances. Dr. Wilmer retired July 1, 1934, and was succeeded by Alan Woods who had been assistant director of the Institute since its dedicaton. A. Edward Maumenee succeeded Alan Woods in 1955. He had been senior resi dent of the Institute in 1942. The volume on the Wilmer Institute tells the history of the first 50 years of the Wilmer Institute. M. Elliott Randolph, associate professor emeritus of ophthal mology and senior resident at the Wilmer in 1937, tells of the Wilmer and Wood years, 1925-1955. Robert B. Welch, asso ciate professor of ophthalmology and sen ior resident in 1959, tells the story of the Maumenee years. The happy custom at the Wilmer Institute of annual pictures of the house staff provides one with a glimpse of many ophthalmic greats as they began and continued their residency studies. Separate chapters are devoted to Annette Burgess, Jonas Friedenwald, E d Maumenee, Louise Sloan, Frank Walsh, William Holland Wilmer, and Alan Woods. The major focus is a year-by-year de scription of the house staff and their sub sequent careers, the development of the various special clinics, and the research activities at the Institute. Norman Ashton's remarks on the occasion of the dedi cation of the Woods building read as well now as they did then. Reading the book one has the pleasant sense of reviewing a college yearbook and finding one's teach ers, classmates, and colleagues whom one recognizes and remembers. I wish every
AUGUST, 1976
major institution in t h e country could provide intimate memoirs such as this. The affection and pride of the authors for Wilmer and its people are apparent on every page and well it might be for Wilmer's excellence is reflected in the teach ers and practitioners it has provided our nation. F R A N K W. N E W E L L
SYMPOSIA Basic Mechanisms of Ocular Motility and Their Clinical Implications. Proceed ings of the International Symposium— Wenner-Gren Center, Stockholm, June 4-6, 1974. Edited by Gunnar Lennerstrand and Paul Bach-y-Rita. Clothbound, 584 pages, table of contents, index, over 200 black and white figures. $60 RAGNAR
GRANIT:
Opening
address:comparing
some control mechanisms in skeletal and eye mus cles JORGE A. ALVARADO A N D CAROL V A N H O R N : Mus
cle cell types of the cat inferior oblique ROBERT MAYR: Discussion
JAMES E. MILLER: Aging changes in extraocular muscles JAN LÄNNERGREN: Structure and function of twitch and slow fibres in amphibian skeletal muscle ERIC KUGELBERG: The motor unit: histochemical and functional correlations PAUL BACH-Y-RITA: Structural-functional correla
tions in eye muscle fibers. Eye muscle proprioception ERMANNO M A N N I A N D ROBERT S. JAMPEL: Discus
sion ROBERT D. REINECKE A N D KURT SIMONS: Phoria
and EOM afference: preliminary support for a n e w theory GUNNAR LENNERSTRAND: Motor units in eye mus cles CARTER COMPTON COLLINS: The human oculomo
tor control system ALAN B. SCOTT: Strabismus; muscle forces and innervations
331
BOOK REVIEWS
VOL. 82, NO. 2
KEN NAKAYAMA: Coordination of extraocular mus cles ARTHUR JAMPOLSKY: Coordination of extraocular
muscles; clinical aspects
P. G O G A N ,
J. P.
GUERITAUD,
G.
HORCHOLLE-
BOSSAVIT, AND S. TYC-DUMONT: Electrotonic inter action between motoneurons of the abducens nu cleus of the cat
BJÖRN TENGROTH: Synopsis of panel discussion
R. ALVARADO-MALLART, C. BUISSERET-DELMAS, J. F. G U E R I T A U D , A N D G. HORCHOLLE-BOSSAVIT:
G.
Primary mesencephalic projections of the rectus Iateralis muscle afférents in cat: physiological and anatomical evidence
MELVILL
JONES
A N D A.
GONSHOR:
Goal-
directed flexibility in the vestibulo-ocular reflex arc N I L S G. HENRIKSSON A N D A L F NILSSON: Plasticity;
dynamic properties of the vestibulo-ocular arc
EMILIO BIZZI: Central control of eye and head movements in monkeys
WOLFGANG PRECHT: Cerebellar influences on e y e
V. C. ABRAHAMS, F. RICHMOND, A N D P. K. ROSE:
movements
Basic physiology of the head-eye movement system
JOHANNES DICHGANS A N D RICHARD JUNG: Oculo
motor abnomalities due to cerebellar lesions
H.
JOHANNES DICHGANS: Spinal afferences to the ocu lomotor system: physiological and clinical aspects
Vestibulo-ocular and optokinetic reactions in the rabbit: changes during 24 hours of normal and abnormal interaction
COLLEWIJN
AND
H.
J.
KLEINSCHMIDT:
V. H E N N A N D B. C O H E N : Activity in e y e muscle
BURKHART
motoneurons and brainstem units during eye move ments
sponses of retinal and geniculate neurons to con trast shifts and their relation to eye movements
GUNTRAM KOMMERELL: Clinical clues for the orga nization of horizontal quick e y e movements and subsequent periods of fixation
GENEVIÈVE M. H A D D A D A N D BARBARA J. WINTER-
FISCHER A N D JÜRGEN KRÜGER: Re
SON: Effect of flicker on oculomotor performance T. VILIS AND J. S. OUTERBRIDGE: Dynamic proper
D. A. ROBINSON: Oculomotor control signals
ties of cat extraocular muscle
GERHARD VOSSIUS: Discussion
E. M I R A , R. SCHMID, A N D M. STEFANELLI: Clinical
WILLIAM F. H O Y T A N D LARS FRISEN: Supranuclear
ocular motor control; some clinical considerations, 1974 M. D. SANDERS: Discussion ROBERT M. STEINMAN: Oculomotor effects on vi
analysis of vestibularly induced e y e movements based on a mathematical model of the vestibuloocular reflex P. H, LANDERS AND A. TAYLOR: Transfer function
analysis of the vestibulo-ocular reflex in the con scious cat
sion
SYOZO
GUNTER K. VON NOORDEN: Oculomotor effect on
movements during after-image tracking under sin usoidal and random vestibular stimulation
vision; clinical aspects
WESTHEIMER:
Basic
mechanisms
A N D LAURENCE
R. YOUNG:
Eye
R. TXUMER: Three reaction mechanisms of the saccadic system in response to a double jump
DAVID G. COGAN: Synopsis of panel discussion GERALD
YASUI
of
human ocular motility; retrospect and prospect ROBERT B. DAROFF: Summary of clinical presenta tions ROLF ECKMILLER: Differences in the activity of eye-position coded neurons in the alert monkey during fixation and tracking movements
W. BECKER AND R. JÜRGENS: Saccadic reactions to
double-step stimuli: evidence for model feedback and continuous information uptake R. JÜRGENS A N D W. BECKER: I S there a linear
addition of saccades and pursuit movements TETSUO ISHII AND JUN-ICHI SUZUKI: Vertigo and nystagmus of inner ear origin: a study based on electron microscopic findings
Ν. H. BARMACK: The role of the extraocular motoneuron membrane in the regulation of "saccadic discharge"
STEPHEN RÉTHY: reversal in esotropia
KURT-PETER SCHAEFER, DIETRICH LOTHAR M E Y ER, ULRICH BÜTTNER, A N D DITMAR SCHOTT: The
ROBERT S. JAMPEL: Ocular torsion and the function of the vertical extraocular muscles
effect of head position on oculomotor discharge patterns in rabbits
Disaccommodation:
habit-
W. SCHLOTE AND F. KÖRNER: Chronic progressive
332
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY
AUGUST, 1976
external ophthalmoplegia; a neuro-muscular disor der
N. S. JAFFE : Postoperative cataract complications related to the vitreous
G. M. SCHOR AND M. C. FLOM: Eye position control and visual acuity in strabismus amblyopia
D. KASNER: History of vitreetomy: a personal expe rience
S. HEYWOOD AND G. RATCLIFF: Long-term oculo
motor consequences of unilateral colliculectomy in man F. H. KÖRNER: Non-visual control of human saccadic eye movements
R. G. M I C H E L S A N D S. J. RYAN, JR.: Preoperative
evaluation of patients for vitreous surgery D. J. COLEMAN: Ultrasonic evaluation of the vitre ous N. G. DOUVAS: Vitreetomy instrumentation, rotoextractor indications, and techniques and results R. G. M I C H E L S A N D S. J. RYAN, JR.: Vitreetomy in
diabetes and other disorders
SYMPOSIA
E. OKUN: Pars plana vitreetomy in advanced diabet ic retinopathy—eighty consecutive cases performed with the Douvas roto-extractor
Current Concepts of the Vitreous. Edited by Kurt A. Gitter. St. Louis, C. V. Mosby, 1976. Clothbound, 289 pages, table of contents, index, 271 black and white figures. $31.50
G. A. PEYMAN, F. U. H U A M O N T E , A N D M. F. G O L D
J. A. SHIELDS: Surgical anatomy of the vitreous
E. OKUN: Pars plana vitreetomy for conditions other than advanced diabetic retinopathy
J. A. SHIELDS: Pathology of the vitreous N. S. JAFFE: Operative loss of vitreous
BERG: Clinical experiences with the vitrophage D. J. COLEMAN: Role of vitreetomy in trauma
K. A. GITTER A N D G. C O H E N : Complications of
vitreetomy
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY
University and Hospital as having the appropriate institutional resources for such an institute. Dr. Wilmer came to Johns Hopkins in 1925 and after four years the Wilmer In stitute was dedicated, with Sir John Herbert Parson, Hofrath Ernst Fuchs, and Dr. George E. deSchweinitz in attendance. Since then the history of the Institute has been written in medical, surgical, and research advances. Dr. Wilmer retired July 1, 1934, and was succeeded by Alan Woods who had been assistant director of the Institute since its dedicaton. A. Edward Maumenee succeeded Alan Woods in 1955. He had been senior resi dent of the Institute in 1942. The volume on the Wilmer Institute tells the history of the first 50 years of the Wilmer Institute. M. Elliott Randolph, associate professor emeritus of ophthal mology and senior resident at the Wilmer in 1937, tells of the Wilmer and Wood years, 1925-1955. Robert B. Welch, asso ciate professor of ophthalmology and sen ior resident in 1959, tells the story of the Maumenee years. The happy custom at the Wilmer Institute of annual pictures of the house staff provides one with a glimpse of many ophthalmic greats as they began and continued their residency studies. Separate chapters are devoted to Annette Burgess, Jonas Friedenwald, E d Maumenee, Louise Sloan, Frank Walsh, William Holland Wilmer, and Alan Woods. The major focus is a year-by-year de scription of the house staff and their sub sequent careers, the development of the various special clinics, and the research activities at the Institute. Norman Ashton's remarks on the occasion of the dedi cation of the Woods building read as well now as they did then. Reading the book one has the pleasant sense of reviewing a college yearbook and finding one's teach ers, classmates, and colleagues whom one recognizes and remembers. I wish every
AUGUST, 1976
major institution in t h e country could provide intimate memoirs such as this. The affection and pride of the authors for Wilmer and its people are apparent on every page and well it might be for Wilmer's excellence is reflected in the teach ers and practitioners it has provided our nation. F R A N K W. N E W E L L
SYMPOSIA Basic Mechanisms of Ocular Motility and Their Clinical Implications. Proceed ings of the International Symposium— Wenner-Gren Center, Stockholm, June 4-6, 1974. Edited by Gunnar Lennerstrand and Paul Bach-y-Rita. Clothbound, 584 pages, table of contents, index, over 200 black and white figures. $60 RAGNAR
GRANIT:
Opening
address:comparing
some control mechanisms in skeletal and eye mus cles JORGE A. ALVARADO A N D CAROL V A N H O R N : Mus
cle cell types of the cat inferior oblique ROBERT MAYR: Discussion
JAMES E. MILLER: Aging changes in extraocular muscles JAN LÄNNERGREN: Structure and function of twitch and slow fibres in amphibian skeletal muscle ERIC KUGELBERG: The motor unit: histochemical and functional correlations PAUL BACH-Y-RITA: Structural-functional correla
tions in eye muscle fibers. Eye muscle proprioception ERMANNO M A N N I A N D ROBERT S. JAMPEL: Discus
sion ROBERT D. REINECKE A N D KURT SIMONS: Phoria
and EOM afference: preliminary support for a n e w theory GUNNAR LENNERSTRAND: Motor units in eye mus cles CARTER COMPTON COLLINS: The human oculomo
tor control system ALAN B. SCOTT: Strabismus; muscle forces and innervations
331
BOOK REVIEWS
VOL. 82, NO. 2
KEN NAKAYAMA: Coordination of extraocular mus cles ARTHUR JAMPOLSKY: Coordination of extraocular
muscles; clinical aspects
P. G O G A N ,
J. P.
GUERITAUD,
G.
HORCHOLLE-
BOSSAVIT, AND S. TYC-DUMONT: Electrotonic inter action between motoneurons of the abducens nu cleus of the cat
BJÖRN TENGROTH: Synopsis of panel discussion
R. ALVARADO-MALLART, C. BUISSERET-DELMAS, J. F. G U E R I T A U D , A N D G. HORCHOLLE-BOSSAVIT:
G.
Primary mesencephalic projections of the rectus Iateralis muscle afférents in cat: physiological and anatomical evidence
MELVILL
JONES
A N D A.
GONSHOR:
Goal-
directed flexibility in the vestibulo-ocular reflex arc N I L S G. HENRIKSSON A N D A L F NILSSON: Plasticity;
dynamic properties of the vestibulo-ocular arc
EMILIO BIZZI: Central control of eye and head movements in monkeys
WOLFGANG PRECHT: Cerebellar influences on e y e
V. C. ABRAHAMS, F. RICHMOND, A N D P. K. ROSE:
movements
Basic physiology of the head-eye movement system
JOHANNES DICHGANS A N D RICHARD JUNG: Oculo
motor abnomalities due to cerebellar lesions
H.
JOHANNES DICHGANS: Spinal afferences to the ocu lomotor system: physiological and clinical aspects
Vestibulo-ocular and optokinetic reactions in the rabbit: changes during 24 hours of normal and abnormal interaction
COLLEWIJN
AND
H.
J.
KLEINSCHMIDT:
V. H E N N A N D B. C O H E N : Activity in e y e muscle
BURKHART
motoneurons and brainstem units during eye move ments
sponses of retinal and geniculate neurons to con trast shifts and their relation to eye movements
GUNTRAM KOMMERELL: Clinical clues for the orga nization of horizontal quick e y e movements and subsequent periods of fixation
GENEVIÈVE M. H A D D A D A N D BARBARA J. WINTER-
FISCHER A N D JÜRGEN KRÜGER: Re
SON: Effect of flicker on oculomotor performance T. VILIS AND J. S. OUTERBRIDGE: Dynamic proper
D. A. ROBINSON: Oculomotor control signals
ties of cat extraocular muscle
GERHARD VOSSIUS: Discussion
E. M I R A , R. SCHMID, A N D M. STEFANELLI: Clinical
WILLIAM F. H O Y T A N D LARS FRISEN: Supranuclear
ocular motor control; some clinical considerations, 1974 M. D. SANDERS: Discussion ROBERT M. STEINMAN: Oculomotor effects on vi
analysis of vestibularly induced e y e movements based on a mathematical model of the vestibuloocular reflex P. H, LANDERS AND A. TAYLOR: Transfer function
analysis of the vestibulo-ocular reflex in the con scious cat
sion
SYOZO
GUNTER K. VON NOORDEN: Oculomotor effect on
movements during after-image tracking under sin usoidal and random vestibular stimulation
vision; clinical aspects
WESTHEIMER:
Basic
mechanisms
A N D LAURENCE
R. YOUNG:
Eye
R. TXUMER: Three reaction mechanisms of the saccadic system in response to a double jump
DAVID G. COGAN: Synopsis of panel discussion GERALD
YASUI
of
human ocular motility; retrospect and prospect ROBERT B. DAROFF: Summary of clinical presenta tions ROLF ECKMILLER: Differences in the activity of eye-position coded neurons in the alert monkey during fixation and tracking movements
W. BECKER AND R. JÜRGENS: Saccadic reactions to
double-step stimuli: evidence for model feedback and continuous information uptake R. JÜRGENS A N D W. BECKER: I S there a linear
addition of saccades and pursuit movements TETSUO ISHII AND JUN-ICHI SUZUKI: Vertigo and nystagmus of inner ear origin: a study based on electron microscopic findings
Ν. H. BARMACK: The role of the extraocular motoneuron membrane in the regulation of "saccadic discharge"
STEPHEN RÉTHY: reversal in esotropia
KURT-PETER SCHAEFER, DIETRICH LOTHAR M E Y ER, ULRICH BÜTTNER, A N D DITMAR SCHOTT: The
ROBERT S. JAMPEL: Ocular torsion and the function of the vertical extraocular muscles
effect of head position on oculomotor discharge patterns in rabbits
Disaccommodation:
habit-
W. SCHLOTE AND F. KÖRNER: Chronic progressive
332
AMERICAN JOURNAL OF OPHTHALMOLOGY
AUGUST, 1976
external ophthalmoplegia; a neuro-muscular disor der
N. S. JAFFE : Postoperative cataract complications related to the vitreous
G. M. SCHOR AND M. C. FLOM: Eye position control and visual acuity in strabismus amblyopia
D. KASNER: History of vitreetomy: a personal expe rience
S. HEYWOOD AND G. RATCLIFF: Long-term oculo
motor consequences of unilateral colliculectomy in man F. H. KÖRNER: Non-visual control of human saccadic eye movements
R. G. M I C H E L S A N D S. J. RYAN, JR.: Preoperative
evaluation of patients for vitreous surgery D. J. COLEMAN: Ultrasonic evaluation of the vitre ous N. G. DOUVAS: Vitreetomy instrumentation, rotoextractor indications, and techniques and results R. G. M I C H E L S A N D S. J. RYAN, JR.: Vitreetomy in
diabetes and other disorders
SYMPOSIA
E. OKUN: Pars plana vitreetomy in advanced diabet ic retinopathy—eighty consecutive cases performed with the Douvas roto-extractor
Current Concepts of the Vitreous. Edited by Kurt A. Gitter. St. Louis, C. V. Mosby, 1976. Clothbound, 289 pages, table of contents, index, 271 black and white figures. $31.50
G. A. PEYMAN, F. U. H U A M O N T E , A N D M. F. G O L D
J. A. SHIELDS: Surgical anatomy of the vitreous
E. OKUN: Pars plana vitreetomy for conditions other than advanced diabetic retinopathy
J. A. SHIELDS: Pathology of the vitreous N. S. JAFFE: Operative loss of vitreous
BERG: Clinical experiences with the vitrophage D. J. COLEMAN: Role of vitreetomy in trauma
K. A. GITTER A N D G. C O H E N : Complications of
vitreetomy