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Behavioral interactions and the effects of marijuana
Lvhich he has little esperience. The ATP aerobatics-related accident is likely to be of the spin, stalf, or controiled flight into terrain \,ariets_ and to occur in summer or early autumn.
Behavioral Interactions and the Effects of Marijuana. J. V. Brady, R. IX FoEtin, and ;CI. ‘IV. F~.~c~lrr~on. Alcohol, Drugs. and Driving: Abstracts and Review, July-December 1986, 2(.3-4). 93-103. This report describes a series of studies estending the experimental analysis of marijuana intoxication and its behavioral effects to a small group residential laboratory that permits both controlled drug administration and measurement of a wide range of performance activities in a naturalistic setting. The \roluntcer participants in these studies behaved in accordance with a sequence of choices between activities uhiIe living continuously for extended periods (weeks to months) in a physically defined experimental space. The response repertoire was constructed on conceptual grounds to approximate behavior outside the laboratory, and a full range of performances Lvere recorded both automatically and by trained monitors using highly reliable observational categories. The breadth of the resulting behavioral record allowed for quantitative assessment of contingency effects as we11 as for the evaluation of more subtle indirect changes not explicitly involved in such contingencies. Continuous long-term residence provided for controls over extraneous influences not related to the experimental manipulations and extended the duration of assessment for both baseline performances and intervention effects.
An Epidemiological Perspective on the Causes of Running Injuries. K. E. Powell, 15. W Kohl, and C. I. Caspersen, Physician and Sportsrn~d~~~~e, Illne 1986, 1~~~)~ 100-114. &lost information about running injuries comes from case reports. Mthough useful, the case series does not take into consider91
ation the population from lrhich the injuries arose and is. therefore, an inappropriate method on which to base causal inference. The epidemiological method is a more pov;erful approach because, by definition, it takes into account the population from which the injuries arose. A review of three epidemiological studies sho!vs that the onl) reasonable well-established cause of running injuries is the number of miles run per week. More information is needed to establish the relationship betlveen injury and characteristics of the runner, characteristics of running, and characteristics of the running environment. More research on the causes of running injuries is needed and should be directed to those factors over kvhich the runner has control.
The Feasibility of Conducting Epidemiologic Studies of Populations Residing Near Hazardous Waste DisposaI Sites. G. M. Marxh and R. 1. Caplan, E~~iron~~le~t~l Epidemiology, Ltceis Publishers. Inc.. Chelsen. Michigan, 1986. The potential for hazardous lvastes to cause health damage to exposed human populations requires epidemiologic investigations to assess relationships between toxic exposure and possible health consequences, clinical or subclinical. A particularly problematic feature of all health effects evaluations at hazardous waste sites is the sheer diversity in which toxic wastes and human exposures can be involved. Regardless of this diversity of the underlying setting, health effects evaluations of persons exposed to chemica1 dumps consist of four fundamental phases: documentation of the nature and extent of exposure, definition and characterization of exposed and unexposed populations, diagnosis and measurement of disease and dysfunction in the exposed population, and determination of the relationship between exposure and disease. This paper focuses on the general epidemiologic considerations associated with the fourth phase and proposes and evaluates specific classical and nonclassical methodologic approaches to health evaluations. Primary consideration is given to the health effects of continuous low dose chemical exposures of a noninfectious najournal of Safety Research
Behavioral Interactions and the Effects of Marijuana. J. V. Brady, R. IX FoEtin, and ;CI. ‘IV. F~.~c~lrr~on. Alcohol, Drugs. and Driving: Abstracts and Review, July-December 1986, 2(.3-4). 93-103. This report describes a series of studies estending the experimental analysis of marijuana intoxication and its behavioral effects to a small group residential laboratory that permits both controlled drug administration and measurement of a wide range of performance activities in a naturalistic setting. The \roluntcer participants in these studies behaved in accordance with a sequence of choices between activities uhiIe living continuously for extended periods (weeks to months) in a physically defined experimental space. The response repertoire was constructed on conceptual grounds to approximate behavior outside the laboratory, and a full range of performances Lvere recorded both automatically and by trained monitors using highly reliable observational categories. The breadth of the resulting behavioral record allowed for quantitative assessment of contingency effects as we11 as for the evaluation of more subtle indirect changes not explicitly involved in such contingencies. Continuous long-term residence provided for controls over extraneous influences not related to the experimental manipulations and extended the duration of assessment for both baseline performances and intervention effects.
An Epidemiological Perspective on the Causes of Running Injuries. K. E. Powell, 15. W Kohl, and C. I. Caspersen, Physician and Sportsrn~d~~~~e, Illne 1986, 1~~~)~ 100-114. &lost information about running injuries comes from case reports. Mthough useful, the case series does not take into consider91
ation the population from lrhich the injuries arose and is. therefore, an inappropriate method on which to base causal inference. The epidemiological method is a more pov;erful approach because, by definition, it takes into account the population from which the injuries arose. A review of three epidemiological studies sho!vs that the onl) reasonable well-established cause of running injuries is the number of miles run per week. More information is needed to establish the relationship betlveen injury and characteristics of the runner, characteristics of running, and characteristics of the running environment. More research on the causes of running injuries is needed and should be directed to those factors over kvhich the runner has control.
The Feasibility of Conducting Epidemiologic Studies of Populations Residing Near Hazardous Waste DisposaI Sites. G. M. Marxh and R. 1. Caplan, E~~iron~~le~t~l Epidemiology, Ltceis Publishers. Inc.. Chelsen. Michigan, 1986. The potential for hazardous lvastes to cause health damage to exposed human populations requires epidemiologic investigations to assess relationships between toxic exposure and possible health consequences, clinical or subclinical. A particularly problematic feature of all health effects evaluations at hazardous waste sites is the sheer diversity in which toxic wastes and human exposures can be involved. Regardless of this diversity of the underlying setting, health effects evaluations of persons exposed to chemica1 dumps consist of four fundamental phases: documentation of the nature and extent of exposure, definition and characterization of exposed and unexposed populations, diagnosis and measurement of disease and dysfunction in the exposed population, and determination of the relationship between exposure and disease. This paper focuses on the general epidemiologic considerations associated with the fourth phase and proposes and evaluates specific classical and nonclassical methodologic approaches to health evaluations. Primary consideration is given to the health effects of continuous low dose chemical exposures of a noninfectious najournal of Safety Research