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Bending fatigue strength of a steel, DistaloyAE
A r u b b e r m o u l d w a s u s e d to i n v e s t i g a t e
c o d e , A B A Q U S , to c o m p a r e
w a r m c o m p a c t i o n of a n A] a l l o y p o w d e r a n d to a n a l y s e t h e b e h a v i o u r o f t h e r u b bcr. M e c h a n i c a l t e s t s wcrc u s c d to dctcr-
m e t h o d s of d e f o r m i n g the alloy. C r e e p d u r i n g H I P a n d h o t p r e s s i n g were c o n s i d -
tics w h e n m a t r i x s t r e n g t h is high.
ere& Calculated a n d c x p c r i m c n t a l d a t a
m m e p a r a m e t e r s for Vlton r u b b e r at 300o( ` A finite e l e m e n t c o m p u t e r p r o -
were c o m p a r e d .
g r a m was u s e d to p r e d i c t c o m p a c t i o n response during warm isostatlc pressmg Predicted a n d e x p e r i m e n t a l d a t a were compared.
Use of superparamagnetic resonance in wet pressing of strontium oxide ferrite magnets
Effect of type of boron additive on structure evolution during sintering of high manganese steel
A pressure-density relation in continuum mechanics l.SecondL (European Centre for PM Research, Grenoble, France.)
different
V.Andreev at al. (Moscow State Inst. of Steel and ~,lloyso Moscow. Russia.) It w a s noLed t h a t there is a p r o b l e m in c o n t r o l l i n g texture in polycrystalline Sr
T h r e e h y p o t h e s e s c o n c e r n i n g effects of porosity and work hardening on powdcr c o m p a c t i o n were u s e d to devise a pressure-density relationship which w a s vali-
r e q u i r e d w a s achieved by use o f u l t r a s o n ic waves m t h e f r e q u e n c y r a n g e 0.5 to 2.0MHz during wet prcssmg.
it's h y d r o s t a t i c p r e s s u r e a n d deviatoric stress. T h e m o d e l w a s tested o n W C - C o usmg triaxial
characteristics, isostatic
p r e s s i n g a n d die pressing. T h e possibility of c h a r a c t e r i s i n g a p o w d e r by t w o simple a n d rapid e x p e r i m e n t s w a s c o n s i d e r e d to be time saving.
Densification and mechanical properties of low alloy steel warm compacted from green preforms V,M,Gorokhov et al, (Powder Metallurgy Research lnst, Minsl<, Betarus.) A n i n v e s t i g a t i o n of d e n s i f i c a t i o n o f low alloy steel was described. G r e e n p r e f o r m s were w a r m - c o m p a c t e d at 120°C to 150°C w i t h a h a r d p o l y m e r as l u b r i c a n t . P r e s s u r e - d e n s i t y r e l a t i o n s were determ i n e d . T h e r m a l - a c t i v a t i o n a n a l y s i s of c o m p a c t i o n w a s carried out. T e m p e r a t u r e and strain rate d e p e n d e n c i e s o f yield stress a n d plastic h a r d e n i n g of 2 % N i l % M o steel wcre dcfined. C a t o m - v a c a n cy i n t c r a c u o n s , w i t h d i s l o c a t i o n s , were s h o w n to be t h e m a i n m c c h a n i s m of warm compaction.
Densification of titanium alloy powder by plastic and creep deformation at high temperature /<.T°t<:im. 14.C.Yang. (Pohang Universitv of £eien:e and Technology, Pohang Korea.) H i g h t e m p e r a t u r e d e n s i f i c a t i o n of Ti6%A1-4%V was investigated. Models were i m p l e m e n t e d in a finite e l e m e n t
meta|-powderonet
R.Dobrev etal. (Buig'arian Academy of Science, Sofia, Bulgaria.) A s t u d y of activated s i n t e r i n g of
a
1 3 % M n l % g r a p h i t e steel was described
ferrites related to o r i e n t a t i o n o f single d o m a i n s u p e r p a r a m a g n e t i c particles. It w a s r e p o r t e d t h a t t h e high t e x t u r e
dated for hard powders. T h e m o d e l was generalised to a stress state, d e s c r i b e d by
to d e f o r m a t i o n a n d fracture characteris-
petty Bending fatigue strength of a steel, DistaloyAE RBeiss etal. (Aachen University of rechnology, Aachen, Germany.) T h e i m p o r t a n c e of fatigue s t r e n g t h w a s e m p h a s i s e d . It was n o t e d that this c a n be tedious a n d rime c o n s u m m g eo m e a s u r e a n d t h a t there is a s h o r t a g e o f reliable data. A n i n v e s t i g a t i o n of fatigue properties of d i f f u s i o n - b o n d e d steel c o n t a i n i n g 4%Ni, 1.5%Cu and 0.5%Mo, compacted to fatigue a n d test s a m p l e s h a p e at seven d e n s i t i e s a n d s i n t e r e d at 1 1 2 0 ° C or 1280°C was described. T h e results were d i s c u s s e d in t e r m s of d e n s i t y a n d pore shapes.
Charactcristics o f M n , h i g h affinity for O, high vapour pressure a n d low diffusion mobility, were noted. T h e sintering additive used was B, m a m o u n t s tess t h a n 0 . 1 w t % . T h e effect of u s i n g B in elemental a n d c o m bined f o r m s was studied by microscopy, m i c r o h a r d n e s s a n d thermoelectric properties. B was reported to e n h a n c e slntering at 950°C to 1150°C. A low m e l t i n g - p o i n t c o m p o u n d f o r m of B w a s t h e m o r e effective.
Annealing of as-mechanically alloyed iron-chromium- aluminium powder A.RJones etal. (University of Liverpool Liverpool, UK.) Fe b a s e d o x i d e d i s p e r s i o n s t r e n g t h e n e d , ODS,
d u c t i o n . M e c h a n i c a l l y alloyed Fe-Cr-A1 O D S p o w d e r s wcrc a n n e a l e d at up to 9 0 0 ° C . H a r d n e s s d e c r e a s e d as t h e a n n e a l i n g t e m p e r a t u r e w a s r a i s e d ro 600°C. T h e r e w a s a n increase in h a r d n e s s u p to 7 0 0 ° C a n d above 7 5 0 ° C t h e r e was
Effect of matrix hardness on tensile and impact properties of PM steels A.Molinari etal. (University of Trento, Trento. Italy.) T h e effects o f m a t r i x
h a r d n e s s of steels
o n tensile and , m p a c t
properties was
investigated. S a m p l e s of steel with differe n t % C a n d h e a t t r e a t m e n t were p r e p a r e d w i t h Vicker's h a r d n e s s f r o m 100 to 850 at t w o d c n s i t y lcvcls o f 6 . 6 g m / c m - 3 a n d 7 . 0 g m / c m - 3 . Increase in m a t r i x h a r d n e s s reduced e l o n g a t i o n deflection a n d i m p a c t e n e r g y a n d i n c r e a s e d tensile s t r e n g t h w i t h a s i g n i f i c a n t effect o f density. T h e correlation between hardness and strength s h o w e d a t r a n s i t i o n at Vicker's h a r d n e s s of 300. T h i s w a s c o n s i d e r e d to be related
alloys were d i s c u s s e d w i t h refer-
ence to p r o p e r t i e s a n d c o m m e r c i a l pro-
a further
Changes
decrease
in p o w d e r
paramctcrs
and
in h a r d n e s s .
hardness,
lattice
microstructure
were
determined. Relationships between these were d i s c u s s e d .
Effects of sintering temperature on iron base anti-friction alloys CTeisanu etaI. (University of Craiova. Craiova° Romania.) It was r e p o r t e d t h a t n e w Fe b a s e a n t i f r i c t i o n alloys h a d b e e n d e v e l o p e d . T h e blended
powders
were
compacted
at
5 0 0 M P a , a n d s i n t e r e d in d r y H for different
times
effects
of
and
temperatures.
sintcring
conditions
the microstructures and porosity
The on were
investigated.
April 2oo3 ~
39
c o d e , A B A Q U S , to c o m p a r e
w a r m c o m p a c t i o n of a n A] a l l o y p o w d e r a n d to a n a l y s e t h e b e h a v i o u r o f t h e r u b bcr. M e c h a n i c a l t e s t s wcrc u s c d to dctcr-
m e t h o d s of d e f o r m i n g the alloy. C r e e p d u r i n g H I P a n d h o t p r e s s i n g were c o n s i d -
tics w h e n m a t r i x s t r e n g t h is high.
ere& Calculated a n d c x p c r i m c n t a l d a t a
m m e p a r a m e t e r s for Vlton r u b b e r at 300o( ` A finite e l e m e n t c o m p u t e r p r o -
were c o m p a r e d .
g r a m was u s e d to p r e d i c t c o m p a c t i o n response during warm isostatlc pressmg Predicted a n d e x p e r i m e n t a l d a t a were compared.
Use of superparamagnetic resonance in wet pressing of strontium oxide ferrite magnets
Effect of type of boron additive on structure evolution during sintering of high manganese steel
A pressure-density relation in continuum mechanics l.SecondL (European Centre for PM Research, Grenoble, France.)
different
V.Andreev at al. (Moscow State Inst. of Steel and ~,lloyso Moscow. Russia.) It w a s noLed t h a t there is a p r o b l e m in c o n t r o l l i n g texture in polycrystalline Sr
T h r e e h y p o t h e s e s c o n c e r n i n g effects of porosity and work hardening on powdcr c o m p a c t i o n were u s e d to devise a pressure-density relationship which w a s vali-
r e q u i r e d w a s achieved by use o f u l t r a s o n ic waves m t h e f r e q u e n c y r a n g e 0.5 to 2.0MHz during wet prcssmg.
it's h y d r o s t a t i c p r e s s u r e a n d deviatoric stress. T h e m o d e l w a s tested o n W C - C o usmg triaxial
characteristics, isostatic
p r e s s i n g a n d die pressing. T h e possibility of c h a r a c t e r i s i n g a p o w d e r by t w o simple a n d rapid e x p e r i m e n t s w a s c o n s i d e r e d to be time saving.
Densification and mechanical properties of low alloy steel warm compacted from green preforms V,M,Gorokhov et al, (Powder Metallurgy Research lnst, Minsl<, Betarus.) A n i n v e s t i g a t i o n of d e n s i f i c a t i o n o f low alloy steel was described. G r e e n p r e f o r m s were w a r m - c o m p a c t e d at 120°C to 150°C w i t h a h a r d p o l y m e r as l u b r i c a n t . P r e s s u r e - d e n s i t y r e l a t i o n s were determ i n e d . T h e r m a l - a c t i v a t i o n a n a l y s i s of c o m p a c t i o n w a s carried out. T e m p e r a t u r e and strain rate d e p e n d e n c i e s o f yield stress a n d plastic h a r d e n i n g of 2 % N i l % M o steel wcre dcfined. C a t o m - v a c a n cy i n t c r a c u o n s , w i t h d i s l o c a t i o n s , were s h o w n to be t h e m a i n m c c h a n i s m of warm compaction.
Densification of titanium alloy powder by plastic and creep deformation at high temperature /<.T°t<:im. 14.C.Yang. (Pohang Universitv of £eien:e and Technology, Pohang Korea.) H i g h t e m p e r a t u r e d e n s i f i c a t i o n of Ti6%A1-4%V was investigated. Models were i m p l e m e n t e d in a finite e l e m e n t
meta|-powderonet
R.Dobrev etal. (Buig'arian Academy of Science, Sofia, Bulgaria.) A s t u d y of activated s i n t e r i n g of
a
1 3 % M n l % g r a p h i t e steel was described
ferrites related to o r i e n t a t i o n o f single d o m a i n s u p e r p a r a m a g n e t i c particles. It w a s r e p o r t e d t h a t t h e high t e x t u r e
dated for hard powders. T h e m o d e l was generalised to a stress state, d e s c r i b e d by
to d e f o r m a t i o n a n d fracture characteris-
petty Bending fatigue strength of a steel, DistaloyAE RBeiss etal. (Aachen University of rechnology, Aachen, Germany.) T h e i m p o r t a n c e of fatigue s t r e n g t h w a s e m p h a s i s e d . It was n o t e d that this c a n be tedious a n d rime c o n s u m m g eo m e a s u r e a n d t h a t there is a s h o r t a g e o f reliable data. A n i n v e s t i g a t i o n of fatigue properties of d i f f u s i o n - b o n d e d steel c o n t a i n i n g 4%Ni, 1.5%Cu and 0.5%Mo, compacted to fatigue a n d test s a m p l e s h a p e at seven d e n s i t i e s a n d s i n t e r e d at 1 1 2 0 ° C or 1280°C was described. T h e results were d i s c u s s e d in t e r m s of d e n s i t y a n d pore shapes.
Charactcristics o f M n , h i g h affinity for O, high vapour pressure a n d low diffusion mobility, were noted. T h e sintering additive used was B, m a m o u n t s tess t h a n 0 . 1 w t % . T h e effect of u s i n g B in elemental a n d c o m bined f o r m s was studied by microscopy, m i c r o h a r d n e s s a n d thermoelectric properties. B was reported to e n h a n c e slntering at 950°C to 1150°C. A low m e l t i n g - p o i n t c o m p o u n d f o r m of B w a s t h e m o r e effective.
Annealing of as-mechanically alloyed iron-chromium- aluminium powder A.RJones etal. (University of Liverpool Liverpool, UK.) Fe b a s e d o x i d e d i s p e r s i o n s t r e n g t h e n e d , ODS,
d u c t i o n . M e c h a n i c a l l y alloyed Fe-Cr-A1 O D S p o w d e r s wcrc a n n e a l e d at up to 9 0 0 ° C . H a r d n e s s d e c r e a s e d as t h e a n n e a l i n g t e m p e r a t u r e w a s r a i s e d ro 600°C. T h e r e w a s a n increase in h a r d n e s s u p to 7 0 0 ° C a n d above 7 5 0 ° C t h e r e was
Effect of matrix hardness on tensile and impact properties of PM steels A.Molinari etal. (University of Trento, Trento. Italy.) T h e effects o f m a t r i x
h a r d n e s s of steels
o n tensile and , m p a c t
properties was
investigated. S a m p l e s of steel with differe n t % C a n d h e a t t r e a t m e n t were p r e p a r e d w i t h Vicker's h a r d n e s s f r o m 100 to 850 at t w o d c n s i t y lcvcls o f 6 . 6 g m / c m - 3 a n d 7 . 0 g m / c m - 3 . Increase in m a t r i x h a r d n e s s reduced e l o n g a t i o n deflection a n d i m p a c t e n e r g y a n d i n c r e a s e d tensile s t r e n g t h w i t h a s i g n i f i c a n t effect o f density. T h e correlation between hardness and strength s h o w e d a t r a n s i t i o n at Vicker's h a r d n e s s of 300. T h i s w a s c o n s i d e r e d to be related
alloys were d i s c u s s e d w i t h refer-
ence to p r o p e r t i e s a n d c o m m e r c i a l pro-
a further
Changes
decrease
in p o w d e r
paramctcrs
and
in h a r d n e s s .
hardness,
lattice
microstructure
were
determined. Relationships between these were d i s c u s s e d .
Effects of sintering temperature on iron base anti-friction alloys CTeisanu etaI. (University of Craiova. Craiova° Romania.) It was r e p o r t e d t h a t n e w Fe b a s e a n t i f r i c t i o n alloys h a d b e e n d e v e l o p e d . T h e blended
powders
were
compacted
at
5 0 0 M P a , a n d s i n t e r e d in d r y H for different
times
effects
of
and
temperatures.
sintcring
conditions
the microstructures and porosity
The on were
investigated.
April 2oo3 ~
39