Benthic ecology of Milford Sound

776

Oceanographic Abstracts

Penaeu3penicillatus of possible commercial importance. Five possible prawn breeding areas in and near Singapore Strait were predicted. The closure of the Malacca Strait during the Pleistocene and its bearing on the present distribution o f Malay-Asian Penaeidae was examined, and suspicion cast on the validity of all littoral penaeid species which are alleged to rang© throughout the Indo-West-Pacific. H.~uu~N W. and M ~ v l N L. W , ~ , 1965. Frequencies of infaunal invertebrates related to water content of Chesapeake Bay sediments. Southeast Geol., 6 (4): 177-187. The following relationship was investigated for a total of 44 stations, using sequential (linear) multiregression analysis :

A -~ f ( D , S,, St. C, lit,, So, W) where A = the frequency of an infatmal invertebrate species, D = water depth at the station, $4 -~ per cent sand, S~ -= per cent silt, C = per cent clay, M: = mean grain size, So = sediment Sorting Coefficient, and W ~ water content. Three animals were chosen for the dependent variable: Ensis directus, Nephtys ineisa, and Retusa canaliculata. Results of the least-squares search procedure indicate that if the water content is carefully determined this variable always appears as one of the most important, when the independent variables are considered in combinations of two or three at a time. The implication is that water content, a mass property of the sediment that reflects the interrelationships of mean grain size, sorting, grain packing, and mineralogy, is a highly useful environmental variable that should be measured in studies that attempt to establish animal-sediment relationships. I - ~ . ~ N B. C. and MxRlv TH^Rr, 1965. Tectonic fabric of the Atlantic and Indian oceans and continental drift. Phil. Trans. R. Soc., A, 258 (1088): 90--106. The floor o f the Indian Ocean is dominated by (1) the seismically active Mid-Oceanic Ridge, (2) scattered linear micro-continents (mostly meridional), and (3) fracture zones (some displace the axis o f t h e Mid-Oceanic Ridge and others parallel the micro-continents). The pattern suggests that movement along the Diamantina Fracture Zone has displaced Australia to the east relative to Broken Ridge. In the Arabian Sea north-east trending fracture zones have displaced the axis of the Carlsberg Ridge. The complex tectonic fabric of the Indian Ocean is difficult to explain in terms of a simple pattern of convection currents. The location and origin of the Mid-oceanic Ridge, of oceanic rises, aseismic ridges and transcurrent fault systems must be accounted for in any hypothesis of continental displacement despite unique or exotic assumptions as to strength, viscosity or composition of the oceanic crust and mantle. Htrstt.~Y D. E., 1965. A common but hitherto tmdescribed species of Orchomenella (Crustacea Amphipoda: Family Lysianassidae) from the Ross Sea. Trans. R. Soc., New Zealand, ZooL, 6 (11) 107-113. A common Lysianassid Amphipod of the Genus Orehomenella which has been frequently recorded from the Antarctic but confused with such species as Orchomenella chilensis, Orchomenella rossi and Orchomenella proxima is described as a new species. HURL~ D. E., 1965. A re-description of some A. O. Walker types of "Southern C r o s s " Lysianassidae (Crustacea Amphipoda) from the Ross Sea. Trans. R. Soc., New Zealand, ZooL, 6 (17): 155-181. The following type specimens o f Lysianassid Amphipoda from the Ross Sea collected by the "Souttaern Cross," under Captain Borchgrevink in 1899-1900, and originally described by A. O. Walker (1903, 1907) are here re-described: Orchomenella rossi, Orchomenella pinguides, Orchomenella franklini, Uristes murrayi (was Tryphosa), Uristes adarei (was Tryphosa), and Uristes stebbingi (was Hoplonyx, was Tryphosites). Uristes georgianus (Schellenberg) (was Tryphosella) is re-described from the type in those details which distinguish it from U. stebblngi, and the Walker material which Chilton discusses under the name Tryphosites stebbingi is described as a new species. Allogaussia Iobata Barnard is a synonym of Orchomenella pinguides. HT.rt~t~Y D. E., 1965. A re-description of Orchomenella chilensis (Heller) (Crustacea Amphipoda: Family Lysianassidae) from the original material collected by the " N o v a r a " in Chilean waters. Trans. R. Soe., New Zealand, ZooL, 6 (18): 183-188. The Lysianassid amphipod, Orchomenella chilensis, originally described by Heller as Anonyx chilensis from material which the Austrian research ship " N o v a r a " collected in Chilean waters in 1857-59, is redescribed from the original material. HtmJ_~Y D. E., 1965. Benthic ecology of Milford Sound. New Zealand, Dept. Sci. Industr. l~es., Bull., 157: 79--89. Also: New Zealand Oceanogr. Inst., Memoir, No. 17. The benthic fauna of Milford Sound, New Zealand, is composed of two major communities, which differ according to the nature of the bottom and the topography of the Sound. At the entrance sill, there is a rocky bottom fauna, comparable with entrance sill faunas found elsewhere in Fiordiand, and in the mmn basin there is a muddy bottom Echinocardium community comparable with other New Zealand soft-mud communities, and similar, in depleted form, to that found at the Entrance

Oceanographic Abstracts

777

Basin. There are also similarities to a Japanese Lucinoma-Prionospio occurrence. The biological evidence is not inconsistent with the possibility that an almost complete dying off of the fauna may occasionally occur in the inner basin with subsequent replenishment by pelagic larvae from outside. The fauna is generally similar to that recorded for other Western Southland fiords. JASTRESOV(I~,s'rREBOv)W.S., 1965. Electrohydraulic servod.rive intended for sea works. Electronic instruments for oceanographic investigations. (In Russian; English abstract). Trudy Inst. Okeanol., Akad. Nauk. SSSR, 74: 67-76. An equation for electrohydraulic servosystem control is deduced and its stability is verified. Results of experiments on the servodrive working quality are given. JASTREBOV(IAs'rg~sov) W. S., t965. The foreign distance-type submarine manipulators. Electronic instruments for oceanographic investigations. (In Russian, English abstract). Trudy Inst. Okeanol., Akad. Nauk. SSSR, 74: 77-81. A critical estimation of the characteristics of foreign submarine manipulators is given. Their application is considered. ~¢~kTZ B., R. GERARD and M. COSTIN, 1965. Response of dye tracers to sea surface conditions. J. geophys. Res., 70 (22): 5505-5513. Analysis of aerial photographs of a number of sea surface dye tracer experiments has revealed two features of the surface circulation: a modified Ekman-type drift current and a system of helical current vortexes having axes which are horizontal and nearly parallel to the wind. These data also indicate that there is a strong correlation between wind, sea state, and the development of a patch of dye. These factors, as well as random eddies, may thus be important in spreading a contaminant at the sea surface. K~s'r~ER A. P., 1965. Electromagnetic wave flow velocity meter FMK-2. Electronic instruments for oceanographic investigations. (In Russian; English abstract). Trudy Inst. Okeanol. Akad. Nauk. SSSR, 74: 28-32. An instrument is described with a self-containing electric current. Methods for recording bottom water velocity under the action of wave flow are also discussed. KIMBALL J. F. JR. and E. J. FERGUSONWOOD, 1965. A dinoflagellate with characters of G>'mno-

dinium and Gyrodinium. J. Protozool., 12 (4): 557-580.

An organism was isolated which in the first instance appeared to be Gymnodinium mirabile and in subsequent cultures took on characteristics similar to those of Gyrodinium fissure. It is not kno~aa at present whether the pleomorphism exhibited by this strain is frequent among the naked flagellates, but this finding raises the question of whether naked dinoflagellates can be identified by examination of collected samples, whether living or preser-,'ed, or whether culture studies are necessary for all such identifications. KOnMA SnuMr,~I, 1965. Studies on fishing conditions of the dolphin, Coryphaena hippurus L., in the western regions of the Sea of Japan. X. Results on tagging experiment. (In Japanese; English abstract). Bull. Jap. Soc. Sci. Fish., 31 (8): 575-578. Coryphaena hippurus is one of the important warm water fish to migrate into the adjacent seas of Japan. This species is attracted by clusters of floating algae or bamboo rafts used as artificial shelters. Of the catch from the bamboo rafts (" shira-zuke" fishery), 132 fishes (40--75 cm in fork length) were tagged and released during the periods from August to October in 1962 and in 1963. The results are based on 36 fish are recovered up to January 1964: These were all fished from beneath the bamboo rafts or clusters of'floating algae. The recovery rate averaged 27.2~., but it was as high as 44~. in September. The fish were recovered within an area extending from the East China Sea to the neighbourhood of Noto Peninsula, Japan Sea. Some 67 ~ were caught within 30 nautical miles o f shore; 72% of them were caught within 10 days after released. The dolphin seems to migrate northward until September and then starts southward the later part of the month. A part of the population tends to enter the East China Sea through the Tsushima Straits. LEE J. JOl¢~, H U G O FP.E~rD~NTHAL, VICTOR KOSSOY and ALLAN :B~, 1965. Cytological obse~'ations on two planktonic Foraminifera, Globigerina buUoides d'Orbigny, 1826, and Globigerinoides ruber (d'Orbigny, 1839), Cushman, 1827. J. Protozool., 12 (4): 531-542. Globigerina bulloides and Globigerinoides ruber, two pelagic foraminifera from the North Atlantic, were fixed in modified Zenker or Bouin solutions directlyaftercollectionand studied cytochemically. They have two unusual organelles: a vesicularsystem and an organelle provisionallynamed a" crypto. some." The vesicular system occurs chiefly in the newest formed chambers and consists of a pair of intertwined tubules with helical fine structure which terminate in a bouquet o f approximately 20 vesicles or loops. The function of this system is unknown. The detailed morphology of the vesicular system is different in each species. The cryptosome is a structure which varies greatly in its morphology. It is better developed in G. bulloides than it is in G. tuber. At times a cryptosome may