Bibliography of diagnostic uses of ultrasound in medicine and biology

Ultrasound il~ Med. & Biol., Vol. I, pp. 87 98. Pergamon Press, 1973. Printed in Great Britain.

B I B L I O G R A P H Y OF D I A G N O S T I C USES OF U L T R A S O U N D MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY

IN

from 1 January 1971 No. 1 GERALDINE CLARK a n d DENIS WHITE Queen's University at Kingston, Ontario, Canada

This first list covers a period commencing I January 1971. After the publication of the second list in the next issue, the lag will have been reduced to a m i n i m u m and subsequent lists will cover the current literature. A similar bibliography of the literature covering the period prior to 1 January 1971 will be published separately at a later date. G.N.C. and D.N.W.

THIS bibliography of papers, which are relevant to the use of ultrasound as a diagnostic agent in medicine and biology, has been compiled from various sources. Papers concerned with the therapeutic use of ultrasonic energy due to its heating or mechanical effects have not been included, nor have papers where ultrasonic energy has been .used in chemical procedures because of its mechanical action, such as in cleaning, mixirlg or emulsifying. Papers concerned with the effects of ultrasound on tissue or of tissues upon ultrasonic energy have been included and so have papers describing instrumentation or techniques primarily concerned with the use of ultrasound for diagnostic procedures. Both animal and h u m a n studies have been included. The classification adopted by the authors is subscribed. It is difficult to adhere to a rigid classification in a subject with such a widespread and expanding application in the fields of biology and medicine and the authors invite suggestions and criticisms concerning the material that should and should not be included. If the decision about subjects to be included is difficult, it is even more difficult to select which relevant papers shall be included. The authors have taken the arbitrary decision only to include papers published in toto or in abstract in journals, proceedings or books which are available to subscribing libraries. Thus, papers presented at meetings have not been included even when published in the programme or proceedings of the meeting, if the programme or proceedings were available only to members of the sponsoring society or registrants at the meeting. The authors would welcome comments on these matters as well as the receipt of material that might be included in subsequent editions ofthi~ bibliography to be published in future issues of Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology. Papers included in this bibliography have been separated into categories largely concerned with the technique used and which have been kept as broad as possible. Where the papers in a main category are very numerous (as in Reflection Techniques) they have been divided into sub-categories. Every effort has been made to enter each paper only once in its most relevant section : thus papers describing motion of vascular structures may appear either under Reflection Techniques (Cardiology or Other Organs) or under Doppler techniques.

A.

GENERALSURVEYS

A n o n y m o u s (1971) Ultrasound in medicine and biology. Med. J. Australia 2, 602-603. Buschmann, W. (1971) Biomedical applications of ultrasound. Advances in Biomedical Engineering (Edited by R. M. Kenedi), Vol. 1, pp. 1 75. Academic Press, New York. Chevnenko, A. and Mastryukov, V. (1971) Ultrasonic diagnosis. Biomed. Engng 5, 69. (A translation of Meditsinskaya Tekhnika.) Cohen, W. N. and Hass, A. C. (1971) The application orBscan ultrasound in the planning of radiation therapy treatment ports. Am. J. Roentgenol. ~adium Ther. Nucl. Med. 111, 184-188. Engelking, R. and Bittner, P. (1971) Experiences with the Apicture-method in ultrasonic diagnosis. Heir, Chir. Acta 38, 515 518. Gros, C., Walter, J. P. and Jacob, M. (1971 ) Contribution of the echographic examination in a radiological unit. J. Radiol. Electrol. Med. Nucl. 52, 228-231. Karcher, K. H. ( 1971) The use of ultrasound in radiotherapy. Strahlentherapie 141, 666 668. Rachmat, F. S. (1971) Ultrasonography. T(/dsehr. Ziekenverpl. 24, 254 259. Somer, J. C. (1971) Echodiagnosis. Technical aspects. Ned. Tijdschr. Geneeskd. 115, 1347 1350. Wagai, T. (1971) Echo test. Naika 27, 657--665. Weill, F., Ricatte, J. P., Bonneville. J. F. et aL (1971 ) Practical modalities and current possibilities of the diagnostic use of ultrasonics. Cah. Med. 12, 115 128. Weill, F., Becker, J., Ricatte, J. P., Kraehenbuhl, J. et Schraub, S. (1971) La place de l'echographie et par87

GERALDINE CLARKand DENIS WHITE

88

ticulierement de l'echo-tomographie, en radiologie generale en 1971. J. Radiol. d'Electrol. 52, 129-144.

B. EFFECTS OF ULTRASOUND (also including effects on ultrasound) 1. M o l e c u l a r a n d m a c r o m o l e c u l a r

Abdulla, U., Dewhurst, C. J., Campbell, S. et al. ( 1971 ) Effect of diagnostic ultrasound on maternal and fetal chromosomes. Lancet 2, 829-831. Bobrow, M., Blackwell, N., Unrau, A. E. et al., Absence of any observed effect of ultrasonic irradiation on human chromosomes. J. Obstet, GynaecoL Brit. Common. 78, 730 736. Boyd, E., Abdulla, U., Donald, 1., Fleming, J. E. E., Hall, A. J. and Ferguson-Smith, M. A. (1971) Chromosome breakage and ultrasound. Brit. Med. J. 2, 501-502. Buchanan, R. A., Moyer, C. E., Goulet, J. R. et aL (1971) The effect of ultrasonic energy on the creatine phosphokinase determination. Clin. Toxicol. 4, 115-118. Chirkin, A. A., Chirkina, I. A. and Detinkin, O. N, (1971) Effect of ultrasound on the nucleic acid content of albino rat organs. BiulL eksp. biol. Med. 71, 58-61. Coakley, W. T. and Dunn, F. (I 971 ) Degradation of DN A in high-intensity focused ultrasonic fields at 1 MHz. J. acoust. Soc, Am. 50, 1539-1545. Coakley, W. T., Hughes, D. E., Slade, J. S. et al. (1971) Chromosome aberrations after exposure to ultrasound. Brit. Med. J. 1, 109 110. Davis, T. G. (1971)Chromosome breakage and ultrasound. Brit. Med. J. 4, 301-302. Faitel'Berg-Blank, V, P. and Kutsenko, P. I. A. (1971)Effect of ultrasound of varying intensity on the absorption of monohydrogen phosphate in the digestive system. Fixiol. Zh. S S S R . 57, 737-743. Hussey, M. and Dedmonds, P. (1971) Ultrasonic examination of proton-transfer reactions at the a-amino and sidechain groups of arginine and lysine in aqueous solution. J. acoust. Soc. Am. 49, 1907-1908. Kutuzova, E. P. (1971 ) State of some enzyme systems of heart and brain energy metabolism in rabbits under the effect of ultrasonics. V O P R Kurortol. Fizioter. Lech. Fiz. Kult 36, 428-431. Lamonica, G. and Di Bella, F. (1971) Free amino acids in milk treated with ultrasonics. Acta Med. Vet (Napoli) 17, 343-349. O'Brien, W. D. and Dunn, F. (1971 ) Ultrasonic examination of the hemoglobin dissociation process in aqueous solutions ofGuanidine Hydrochloride. J. acoust. Soc. Am. 50, 1213-1215. Sierra, G. and Boucher, R. M. (1971) Ultrasonic synergistic effects in liquid-phase chemical sterilization. Appl. Microbiol. 22, 160 164. Stereva, S. and Zaharieva, Z. (1971) Changes in the level of TSH under the influence of ultrasound energy. Folia Med. (Plovdiv) 13, 239 242. Sturm, J., Lang, J. and Zana, R. (1971) Ultrasonic absorption of DNA solutions--influence of PH. Biopol.vmers 10, 2639 2643. 2. Cellular a n d tissue

Avirom, V. M., Adrianov, O. S., Vykhodtseva, N. 1. et al. (1971 ) Destruction of the deep structures of the brain using

focused ultrasound. Zh. P~vssh. Nert~. Deiat. 21, I110 1113. Bach, M. L. (1971) The transforming activity of sonicated haemophilus influenzae DNA. Mol. Gen. Genet. 110, 49-53. Christmann, C. and Ehler, E. (1971) Determination of elasticity"moduli in totally macerated long bone of the human upper limb with the use of ultrasonics. Beitr. Orthop. Traumatol. 18, 391-398. Christmann, C. and Ehler, E., Velocity of sound waves. acoustic impedance and absorption in the human long bones of the upper extremity. Beitr. Orthop. Traumatol. 18, 324-334. Coakley, W. T., Hampton, D. and Dunn, F. (1971) Quantitative relationships between ultrasonic cavitation and effects upon Amoebae at I MHz. J. acoust. Soc. Am. 50, 1546-1553. Coakley, W. T. and Slade, J. S. (1971) Examination of sonicated human lymphocytes for chromosome damage. Brit. J. Radiol. 44, 563. Coleman, D. J., Lizzi, F. L., Burt. W. J. et al. ( 1971 ) Properties observed in cataracts produced experimentally with ultrasound. Am. J. Ophthalmol. 71, 1284-1288. Czeizel, E. and Falus, M. (197t) Possible genetic hazards of ultrasonic examination during pregnancy. Or1:. Hetil. 112, 412-413. Dewhurst, C. J. (1971) The safety of ultrasound. Proc. R. Soc. Med. 64, 996-997. Donald, 1. (1971) Approaches to determining foetal hazard from ultrasound. Brit. J. Radiol. 44, 563. Dunn, F. and Fry, F. J. (1971) Ultrasonic threshold dosages for the mammalian central nervous system. IEEE Trans. Bio-Med. Engng 18, 253-256. Dyson, M., Woodward, B. and Pond, J. B. (1971) Flow of red blood cells stopped by ultrasound. Nature, Lond. 232, 572-573. Ehler, E. and Christmann, C. (1971) Sound wave velocity, wave length and elasticity module of human medullated bones. Beitr. Orthop. Traumatol. 18, 95-99. Engel, D. (1971) The influence of ultrasonic waves on the permeability of the synovial membrane. Z. gesamte exp. Med. 155, 1-12. Inin, 1. U. S., Sirotiuk, M. G. and Tiurina, S. I. (1971) Possibility of local action of focused ultrasound through areas of animal and human skulls. Biull. eksp. biol. Med. 71, 120-122. Johannigmann, J., Zahn, V. and Klose, B. J. (1971) Does ultrasound influence the pregnant female or the fetus? Med. Monatsschr. 25, 512-513. Johannigmann, J., Zahn, V., Tbieme, R. et al. (1971) The effect of ultrasound on the fetal heart rate and on intrauterine pressure. Z. Grburtshi(fi, Gynaekol. 174, t4 21. Loch, E. G. Fischer, A. B. and Kuwert, E. (1971) Effect of diagnostic and therapeutic intensities of ultrasonics on normal and malignant human cells in t~itrio. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 110, 457-460. Lonskii, A. V. and Tuchkov, 13.',3. (1971) Electron microscopic study of the cavitation effect of ultrasound on a frog sciatic nerve during irradiation in degassed ringer solution. Tsitologiia 13, 1028-1030. Lundquist, P. C., Wersall, J., lgarashL M. et al. (1971) The acute effect of ultrasonic irradiation upon ampullar sensory epithelia of the guinea pig. 4cta Otolaryngo/. (Stockholm) 72, 68.-79. Martin, B. and McElhaney, J. H. (1971 ) The acoustic proper-

Bibliography of diagnostic uses of ultrasound in medicine and biology ties of h u m a n skull bone. J. biomed, mater. Res. 5, 325 333. Michal, t.. and Silver, M. J. (1971) Inhibition of aggregation and plug formation of platelets subjected to ultrasound and tested in the revolving plastic loop. Brit. J. Pharmacol. 42, 635P 636P. Ogden, J. R. (1971) Investigation of the effect of diagnostic ultrasound on brain growth and neurone proliferation of foetal and immature rats. A Preliminary report. Brit. J. Radiol. 44, 563. Oksala, A. ( 1971 ) Experimental studies on the effect of the eye globe on the ultrasonic field. Aeta Ophthalmol. ( K B H ) 49, 308 316. Oshibuchi, H. (1971) Experimental study on ultrasonic attenuation in the brain. Aeta Med. Nagasaki 15, 26 48. Pauly. H. and Schwan, H. P. (1971) Mechanism of absorption of ultrasound in liver tissue. J. acoust. Soe. Am. 50, 692 -699. Podol'Skaia. D. V. (1971) The plasmacyte reaction to ultrasound lymph nodes, spleen, uterus and ovaries of the guinea pig. Vopr. Kurortol. Fi:ioter. Lech. Kult. 36, 530 533. Poljakov. V. A. and Volkov, M. V. ( 1971 ) Ultrasonic method of bone welding in traumatology and orthopedics. Acta Chir. Orthop. Traumatol. Cech. 38, 267-272. Repacholi, M. H., Woodcock, J. P., Newman, D. L. and Taylor, K .1. ( 1971) Interaction of low intensity ultrasound and ionizing radiation with the t u m o u r cell surface. Phys. Med. Biol. 16, 221 227. Roach, M. R. and Melech, E. (1971) The effect of sonic vibration on isolated h u m a n iliac arteries. Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol. 49, 288 291. Seda, H. J., Suga, F. and Snow. J. B. (1971) Ultrasonic irradiation on the inner ear. Laryngoscope 81, 510 523. Sokollu, A. (1971) Irreversible effects of high frequency ultrasound on animal tissue and the related threshold intensities. Acoust. Hologr. 3, 3 17. Spring, E. (1971) Tissue response to simultaneously given ultrasonics and ionizing radiation. Nord. Med. 85, 940. Van Venroolj, G. E. (1971) Measurement of ultrasound velocity in h u m a n tissue. Ultrasonics 9, 240 242. Yamanaka, Y. (1971) Effect of intense ultrasound to the myocardium with special references to experimental ultrasound-necrosis and a modification to the healing process of m) ocardial infarctions. J. Japan Soc. Intern. Med. 60, 528 538. Zichner. t.. and Engel, D. (1971) Electron microscopial examination of the ultrasonic effect on the rabbit's synovial membrane. Z. ge.~amte e~:p. Mea. 154, 1-13.

C. D.

TRANSMISSION TECHNIQUES REFLECTION TECHNIQUES

1. N e u r o l o g y Ansorg, P., Arnold, H. and Voigtsberger, P. (1971) Results of ultrasonic diagnosis in skull-brain injuries. Z. Aer-tl. Fortbild. ( J E N A ) 65, 972 976. Arnold, A. (1971) Echoencephalography. (Review). Z. Aerztl. FortbiM. ( J E N A ) 65, 1216 1222.

89

Arnold, H. and Voigtsberger, P. (1971) Combination of echoencephalography and EEG for the diagnosis of brain tumors. Zentralbl. Neurochir. 32, 149-154. Asseo, H. (1971) EEG and ultrasonics in the diagnosis of early complications of head injuries. Maroe. Med. 51, 595 597. Clark, J. M.. White. D. N., Curry, G. R., Stevenson, R. J., Campbell, J. K. and Jenkins. C. O. (1971) The measurement of intracranial echo pulsations. Med. biol. Engng 9, 263 287. Cristian, C., Constantinovici, A. and Arseni, (2'. ( 1971 ) Echoencephalography (echo) and EEG in cranio-cerebral injuries. Electroencephalo~r. Clin. Neurophysiol. 30, 359 360. Das, B. S., Bane@, A. K. and T a n d o n , P. N. (1971) A-scan echoencephlography, its reliability and utility. Neruol. hu//a 19, 13 19. Demirel, T. ( 1971 ) Echoencephalography. A contribution to ultrasonic diagnosis. Med. Welt. 18, 757 760. Dill, R. (1971) Normal echoencephalographic values of the cerebral ventricles in children of various age groups. Monalsschr. Kinderheihtk. 119, 496-502. Fernandez, H., McKinney, W. and Spudis. E. V. (1971) Pulsatile echoencephalography: Correlations with K-complexes and epileptic discharges. Neurology, (MimT.) 21, 225 231. Fernandez, H. and McKinney, W. (1971) Effect of auditory stimulation on the pulsatile echo, blood pressure, and electroencephalogram. Ulwasonics 9, 138 141. Galicich, J. H. and Williams, J. B. (1971) A computerized echoencephalograph. J. Neurosurg. 35, 453 460. Gasco, J. (1971) Measurement of ventricular volume by echoencephalography in infantile hydrocephalus. Rer. Esp. Otoneuroolhtlmol. Neurocir. 29, 63 102. Gereby, G., Karpati, M. and Furedi. J. 11971)The diagnostic value of simultaneous electroencephalography and echoencephalography in oligosymptomatic brain injuries. Ore. Hetil. 112, 2032 2035. G r u m m e . T., Frommel. G. and Meese. W. 11971 ) Postnatal echoencephalographic studies infants premature infants. Neuropaediatrie 3, 155 170. lrger, I. M., Zenkov, L. R. and Averochkin, A. I. (19711 Echoencephalography of the exposed brain in supratentorial localization of a pathologic process. I'OPR Neirokhir 35, 3 8. Jenkins, C. O., Campbell, J. K., White, D. N. and Clark. J. M. (1971) Ultrasonic echo pulsations in range. A study of rise times and delay times. Acta Neuroehir. 24, I 10. Kienast. H. W. and Boshes, L. D. (1971) The values, limitations, and future of echoencephalography. Behac. Nem'opsych. 3, 2 4. Kunst, H. and Quenzer, H. (1971} Echoencephalography studies of subarachnoid hemorrhage. Fortschr. Neurot. Psych. 39, 367 378. Lahoda, F. t 197 t ) Neurophysiologic diagnosis in hospital and general practice. Munch. Med. Wochensch. 113, 660 664. Matsuzaka, J. (1971) Plethysmographical and echo-encephalographical study on the alcoholic intoxication reaction with a special reference to the individual variation in intoxication. Acta Med. (Fukuoka) 41, 193 203. Meijer, J. G.. Megens, P., Sluys, J. van der. Mus. A. and Vlieger, M. de (1971) Monitoring pulsations in echoencephalography with the help of a video-recorder. Ultra.~onics 9, 166 170.

90

GERALDINE CLARK and DENIS WHITE

Mostafawy, A. (1971) Pediatric Sonoencephalography : The 2. Ocular and orbital Practical use 0[" Ultrasonic Echoes in the Diagnosis ~?[" Childhood lntracranial Disorders. Springer, Berlin. Abel, J. O., Ossoinig, K. and Till, P. (1971) The significance Oka, M., Nishii, T., Marusasa, Y., Hazama, A., Moriwaki, of ultrasonic diagnosis in cataracts. Klin. Monatsbl. H. and Arimoto, T. (1971) lntracranial echo pulsation in Augenheilkd. 159, 27-33. brain death, brain tumor and intracranial hypertension. Baum, G. (1971) Problems in ultrasonographic diagnosis of retinal disease. Am. J. Ophthal. 71,723-739. Japan J. SurgetT 1, 146-154. Pellar, D. H. (1971) Recent advances in neurodiagnostic Buschmann, W., Klopp, R. and Seefeld, B. (1971) Selection of superior scanning methods for A- and B-scan ultralaboratory procedures. I. Electroencephalography, elecsonography of the eye and orbit. Ophthal. Res. 2, 149 164. tromyography and echoencephalography. Mad. Treat. 8, Coleman, D. J. and Trokel, S. L. (I 971 ) A protocol for B-scan 288 301. Reichner, H. (1971) Echoencephalography of 3rd ventricle in and radiographic foreign body localization. Am. J. Ophthal. 71, 84--89. general diagnosis and expert testimony on sequelae of brain injury. Nert,enarzt 42, 598-602. Coleman, D. J. (1971) Measurement of choroidal pulsation Reiher, J., Karnes, W. E. and Sandok, B. A. (1971) Intrawith M-scan ultrasound. Am. J. Ophthal. 71, 363-365. cranial midline echo shift and width. Mayo Clin. Proc. 46, Fledelius, H. ( 1971) Ultrasound oculometry and exophthalmometry in high myopia with reference to the occurrence 593 596. Sandok, B. A. (1971) A-mode echoencephalography in the of retinal detachment. Acta Ophthal. (KBH) 49, 707 714. evaluation of cerebrovascular disease. Stroke 2, 452-455. Freyler, H. (1971) Is it possible to successfully operate cases Schlagenhauff, R. E., Mazurowski, E. E. and Kratzer, G. of ablatio, despite dense clouding of the media, using (1971) Ultrasonic measurement of cerebral ventricular echography. Klin. Monatsbl. Augenheilkd. 158, 75 83. system. Neurolog.v 21, 1134 1139. Fyodorov, S. N., Galin. M. A. and Greguss, P. (1971) UltraSilverman, D. (1971 ) Cerebral death the history of the synsonic techniques to evaluate data for lens implants. 7th drome and its identification. Ann. Intern. Med. 74, 1003 International Congre~" on Acoustics, Budapest, pp. 469472. 1005. Tomankiewicz, Z. ( 1971 ) Echoencephalographic studies as Giglio, E. J. and Ludlam, W. M. (1971) A hand-held probe based on materials of the Warsaw Clinic of Neurology. for acoustic coupling in ultrasonic intraocular distance (Preliminary communication). Neural. Neurochir. Polon. measurements of young children. Am. J. Optom. 48, 1025 1030. 5, 185 190. Vahlquist, B., Engsner, G. and Sjogren, 1. (1971) MalnuHamard, H. and Bregeat, P. (1971 ) Orbital echo-tomography. Arch. Ophtal. (Paris) 31, 137 144. trition and size of the cerebral ventricles. Echoencephalographic studies in infants and young children. (Preliminary lakimenko, S. A. (1971) Study of the accuracy of ultrasonic communication). Acta Paediat. Scand. 60, 533-539. biometry of the crystalline lens. O/talmol. ZH. 26, 373 Veenhuyzen, H. B. and Jongert, P. (1971) Surface mark!ng 375. the foramen of Manta in echoencephalography. Neural., Kaneko, A. (1971) Differential diagnosis of the retinoblasMinn. 21,603--608. toma using ultrasonography. Preliminary report. Acta Sac. Ophthal. Japan 75, 2147 2157. Visser, S. L. ( 1971 ) Echodiagnosis. AiJplication in Neurology. Ned. T!ldschr. Geneeskd. 115, 882 883. Larsen, J. S. (1971) The sagittal growth of the eye. I. UltraVtieger, M. de, Krull, G. H., Gerbrandy, J. and de Clerck, sonic measurement of the depth of the angetior chamber from birth to puberty. Acta. Opthal. (KBH) 49, D. E. P. (1971) Cerebral echo-pulsations in cardiac arrhythmia. Psychiat. Neural. Neurochir. 74, 279 289. 239-262. Vlieger, M. de and Depre, J. O. (1971) Echo- and electro- Larsen, J. S. (1971) The sagittal growth of the eye. II. Ultraencephalography in ruptured cerebral arterial aneurysms. sonic measurement of the axial diameter of the lens and the Acta. Neural. Belg. 71, 154 163. anterior segment from birth to puberty. Acta Ophthal. Wakabayashi, S., Furuta, Y., Uno, A. et al. (1971) Clinical (KBH) 49, 427 440. application of the ultrasonic attenuation to the brain. A Larsen, J. S. (1971) The sagittal growth of the eye. Ill. Ultracomparison with the right and left hemisphere by the midsonic measurement of the posterior segment (axial length line echo. Nagoya Med. J. 16, 271-277. of the vitreous) from birth to puberty. Acta OphthaL Weill, F., Becker, J., Ricatte, J. P. et al. (1971) Tomoecho(KBH) 49, 441 453. graphic exploration of the brain in children. J. Radial. Larsen, J. S. (1971) The sagittal growth of the eye. IV. UltraElectrol. Med. Nucl. 52, 221. sonic measurement of the axial length of the eye from birth Weill, F., Kraehenbuhl, J., Ricatte, J. P., Raft, A., Steimle, to puberty. Acta Ophthal. (KBH) 49, 873-886. R., Bonneville, J. F. and Becker, J. (1971) Exploration Leary, G. A. (1971) Ultrasonographic assessment of the tomoechographique des ventricules cerebraux de I'enfant. implant lens required to produce emmetropia after Re~'ue d'Oto-Neuro-Ophtalmol. 43, 37 41. implantation. Incest. Opthal. 10, 745 749. White, D. N. and Jenkins, C. O. ( 1971) Some observations on Majima, Y. and Ookochi, Y. (1971) On ultrasonic aspiration the fluttering midline echo in echoencephalography. A balof various cataracts. Folia Ophthal. Japan 22, 1049-1055. listocardiac effect and suggested cause of rupture of the Mozherenkov, V. P. (1971) Diagnostic value of unidimenseptum pellucidum. J. Neural. Neurosurg. Po'chiat. 34, sional echography in intraocular tumors. Vestn. Oftal. 5, 289 296. 45 -48. White, D. N. (1971) A-scan echo-encephalography at the Oksala, A. and Jaaslahti, S. L. (1971) Experimental observacross-roads. Art of science. Med. biol. Engng 9, 289 296. tions on the acoustic shadow in B-scan examination of the Yoga, T. (1971) Diagnosis of brain diseases by the 2eye. Acta Ophthal. (KBH) 49, 151 158. dimensional ultrasonic wave. Acta. Paediat. Japan 75, Oksala, A. (1971) On the use Of ultrasonic diagnosis in 783 784. ophthalmology and medicine. Ann. Clin. Res. 3, 5 8.

Bibliography of diagnostic uses of ultrasound in medicine and biolog.,, Oksala, A. (I 971 ) The clinical use of ultrasonic methods of diagnosis in ophthalmiatrics. Lakartidningen 68, 993 1007. Ossoinig, K. ( 1971 ) Ultrasonic diagnosis of orbital vascular processes. Klin. Monatsbl. Augenheilkd. 158, 526 533. Petrys, F. (1971) Traumatic posterior lenticonus. Klin. Monatsbl. Augenheilkd. 159, 87 89. Rousselie, F.. Clay, C. and Karantinos, D. (1971) lntravitreous hemorrhages and echography A. Arch. Ophtal. (Paris) 31, 399 412. Schum, U. and Schwab, B. (1971) Improved combined ultrasonic and magnetic technics in the diagnosis ofintraocular foreign body. AIhreeht l'otl Grael~'s Arch. Klin. Ophthal. 182,313 320. Schupbach. M. and Daicker, B. (1971) Difficult interpretation of cchograms of a choroid melanoma of unusual structure. Kl#t. Momltshl. 4ugenheilkd. 159, 785 789. Tane. S.. Funahashi, T. and Horiuchi, T. (1971) Studies on an ultrasonic diagnosis m ophthalmology. 3. An ultrasound technique for the vitreous body of healthy and att"ected eyes. f'olia Ophthal. Japan 22, 79 85. Th(jssen, .I.M. and Otto, J. (1971) Echodiagnosis. Application in ophthahnology. ~'ed. fiid~chr. Geneeskd. 115, 1ll7 1119. rill. P. {1971) Uhrasonic diagnosis of retrobulbar hematolna~, K/hl. MoHat.~hl. .4u~.,cnheilk~L 158, 723 727. 3. (etrdiotascular A n o n y m o u s (1971) Ultrasonics in cardiac diagnosis. Brit. ,~ted. ,I. 2, t~03 604. Bell(. ('.. Roda, L., Sesana, W. et al. (1971) Determination of cardiac output by the echocardiographic method. G. ltal. ('ardiol. I, 437 438. Bodenheimer. M.. Kotler. M. N. and Tabatznik, B. (1971) Echocardiography of the mitral valve. MD. State Med. J. 20, 50 52. Born. N., Lancee, C. T.. Honkoop, J. and Hugenholtz, P. G. (1971~ Ultrasonic viewer for cross-sectional analyses of moving cardiac structures. Bio-Med. Engng 6, 500. ('arson, P. and Kanter, L. (11)71) Left ventricular wall movemcnt m heart failure. Brit. Med. J. 4, 77 79. Cheikhzadeh. A., Schmitt, W. and Brau~n, H. (1971)Combination of staged oscillography or esophagoatriography (EAG) and echocardiography in the diagnosis of mitral defects. Med. Welt. 18, 831 835. Chesler, E...Ioft'e, 14. S., Beck. W. et al., Echocardiography m the diagnosis of congenital heart disease. Pediat. Clin. North ,4m. 18, 1163 1190. Chesler, E.. Joffe, H. S.. Beck, W. et al. (1971) Echocardiographic recognition of mitral-semilunar valve discontinuity. An aid to the diagnosis of origin of both great vessels from the right ventricle. Circulation 43, 725 732. Diamond. M. A., Dillon. J. C., Haine, C. L., Chang, S. and Feigenbaum, H. (1971) Echocardiographic features of atrial septal defect. Circulation 43, 129. Dillon. J. ('., Haine, C L.. ('hang, S. and Feigenbaum, H. { 1971 ) Use of echocardiography in patients with prolapsed mitral valve. Circulation 43, 503 507. Dock. W. and Feigenbaum. H. (1971) Ultrasonic echoes. Circulation 44, 487 489. Eisenreich, R. and Fischer, E. {t 971 ) Diagnostic value of the ultrasonic cardiogram in evaluation of mitral valve stenosis. Z. ,~esamte. inn. Med. 26, 527 531. |:ortun, N. J., Hood. W. P.. Sherman, M. E. et al. (1971)

91

Determination of left ventricular volumes by u h r a s o n n d Circulation 44, 575 584. (iiampaolo. P. and Wharton, C. F. (1971) Ultrasound cardiography as an additional reference trace for phonocardiography. Report of three cases presenting difficuh clinical diagnoses. Guys Hosp. Rep. 120, 3 4 7 354. Gibson, D. G. (1971) Measurement of left ventricular volumes in man by echocardiography comparison ~ith biplane angiographs. Bril. Heart .I. 33, 614. Goldberg, B. B. ( 1971 ) Ultrasonic measurement of the aortic arch, right pulmonar~ artery, and left atrium. Radiolowv 101,383 390. Goldberg, B. B. (197I)Suprasternal ultrasonograph.~../A 1/-t 215, 245 250. Gramiak, R. and Shah. P. M. (1971) Cardiac uhrasonography. A review of current applications. Radiol. t 7m. North Am. 9, 469 49(). Gramiak, R. and Shah, P. M. ( 1971 ) Detection ofintracardiac blood flow by pulsed echo-ranging u l t r a s o u n d Radio/¢~,v 100,415 418. Hull, F. T. (19711 U h r a s o u n d in the detection of mitral stenosis. NZ. Med. ,1. 74, 236 238. lnoue, K.. Smulyan. H., Mookherjee. S. el a/. (19711 1:hrasonic measurement of left ventricular wall motion m a c u l e myocardial infarction. Circulation 43, 778 7S5. Kerber. R. E., lsaefl', D. M. and Hancock, E. W.(1971) Echocardiographic patterns in patients with the syndrome of systolic click and late systolic murmur. New t"]nk,/. ,I. ~lcd. 284, 691 693. Kraimz, R. F. and Ryan, T. J. (1971) U h r a s o u n d measurements ofventricular wall motion following administration of vasoactive drugs. Am..I. Cardiol. 27, 464 473. Lukas, L., Hula, J., Bilek, J, el a/. 11971 ) Echocardiography in mitral stenosis. I'Hilr. Lek. 17. 345 351. l.,undstrom, N. R. [I 971 ) Uhrasoundcardiography in inlktnc,, and childhood. Acta Paediat. Scaml. 60, 108. Lundstrom. N. R. and Edlcr. 1. (1971) /Jltrasoundcardiography in infants and children. Acta P~ediat ~S'caml. 60, 117 128. Makarenko. T. P., Bog(n, [. U. N., Bogdanov. A. V. ~,t o/. (1971) Uhrasonic biolocation in the study of the anterior mediastinum. Grttdn. Khir. 13, 96 100. Morgenstern, C.. Oswald, S.. Arnold. G. cta/. (1971) Simultaneous continuous recording of the heart diameter and heart wall thickness in the closed thorax. Biomed. 7c~h. (Stutt.) 16, 58 61. Nicholls, A. J.. G o o d m a n , M. A. and Pridie, R. B. (1971) Left atrial myxoma in a child diagnosed by ultrasound Post~,,rad. Med. J. 47, 804 807. Nimura, Y.. Matsuo, H., Matsumoto, M. cl al. ( 1971 ) [.Jhntsonic diagnosis o[" heart diseases. Naika 28, 215 222. Paraskos, J. A., Grossman. W.. Saltz, S.. Dalen, ,I. I~. and Dexter, 1.,. (1971) A nonmvasive technique for the determination of velocit,x of circumferential liber shortening m man. Cir~. Res. 29, 610 615. Pernod, J., Servelle. M.. Kermarec. J. eta/. ( 1971 ) Mechanographic and ultrasonic study of mitral prostheses. A~m. Med. lnterpte (Pari.s) 122, 169 174. Pombo. J. F., Russell, R. O., Rackley, ('. E. eta/. ( 1971 ) ('orepar(son of stroke volume and cardiac output determination by ultrasound and dye dilution in acute myocardial infarction. Am. d. ('ardiol. 27, 630 635. Pombo, J. F., Troy, B. L. and Russell, R. O. (1971) l,cft ventricular volumes and ejection fraction by echocardiograph',. ('in'ulatiopl 43, 480 490.

92

GERALDINE CLARK and DENIS WHITE

Popp, R. L,,-Schroeder, J. S., Stinson, E. B'. et al. (1971) Ultrasonic studies for the early detection of acute cardiac refection. Transplantation !1, 543-550. Pridie, R. B. (1971) Applications of pulse-echo ultrasonics in cardiological diagnosis. Brit. J. Radiol. 44, 561. Pridie, R. B., Benham, R. and Oakley, C. M. (1971) Echocardiography of the mitral valve in aortic valve disease. Brit. Heart J. 33, 296 304. Ross, F. G. ( 1971) Mitral valve studies by ultrasound. Brit. J. Radiol. 44, 561. Sgarbi, E., Ballerini, L., Sparvieri, F. et al. (1971) Ultrasonocardiographic evaluation of functional capacity in persons with valve prosthesis. Boll. Soc. ltal. Cardiol. 16, 675-678. Shah, P. M., Gramiak, R., Adelman, A. G. and Wigle, E. D. (1971) Role of ectiocardiography in diagnostic and hymodynamic assessment of hypertrophic subaortic stenosis. Circulation 44, 891 898. Side, C. D. and Gosling, R. G. (1971) Non-surgical assessment of cardiac function. Nature, Lond. 232, 335 336. Sjogren, A. L. (1971) Left ventricular wall thickness determined by ultrasound in 100 subjects without heart disease. (Twsl 60, 341- 346. Smit, J. W. ( 1971) Echodiagnosis, application in cardiology. NeLL Tijdschr. Geneeskd. 115, 839 841. Solinger, R., Elbl, F. and Minhas, K. (1971) Echocardiography in congenital heart disease. Lancet 2, 1093 1094. Spencer, W. H., Peter, R. H. and Orgain, E. S. (19711 Detection of a left atrial myxoma by echocardiography. Arch. hllern. Med. 128, 787 789. Tanaka, M., Neyazaki, T., Kosaka, S. et al. (19711 Ultrasonic evaluation of anatomical abnormalities of heart in congenital and acquired heart diseases. Brit. Heart J. 33, 686 698. Trinkle, J. K., Edelstein, S. G. and Yoshonis, K. F. (1971) Left atrial myxoma, Diagnosis and excision. J. Thorac. Cardiot,asc. Surg. 61,765-767. Wharton, C. F., Smithen, C. S. and Sowton, E. (197t) Changes in left ventricular wall movement after acute myocardial infarction measured by reflected ultrasound. Brit. Med. J. 4, 75-77. Wharton, C. F., Smithen. C. S. and Sowton, E. (1971) Left ventricular wall movement measured by reflected ultrasound, cIm. Sci. 40, 24P. 4(a). Abdominal Albrecht, K. F., Kaulen, H., Davidts, H. H. et al. (19711 Ultrasonic examination of kidney tumors and cysts. Heh'. ('hit'. Acta. 38, 509-514. Barnett, E. and Morley, P. (19711 Ultrasound in the investigation of space-occupying lesions of the urinary tract. Brit. J. Radiol. 44, 733 742. Barnett, E. and Morley, P. ( 19711 The use of diagnostic ultrasound in the investigation of the urinary tract. Brit. J. Radiol. 44, 562. Charbonnier, A., Cachin, M., Perrin, J. et al. (1971) Differential diagnosis of solid and liquid tumors of the liver by ultrasonic Bechotomography. Arch. ~)'. Mal. Appl. Dig. 60, 151 152. Chase, S. P. and Freimanis, A. K. (1971) Abdominal echography. Ohio State Med. J. 67, 901-906. Christie, A. D. and Garvie, W. H. ( 197 l) Ultrasound observation of renal lesions and the prostate gland. Brit. J. Radiol. 44, 562. Engelhart, G. J.. Blauenstein, U. W. and Gurger, J. (1971)

Ultrasonic tomography of the upper abdomen. Med. Welt. 18, 766 774. Engelhart, G. J. (1971) Ultrasonic diagnosis of retroperitonea[ processes. Schweiz. Med. Wochenschr. 101, 745 747, Fuchs, W. A., Voegell, E., Schwegler, N. et al. (1971) Angiography, scintigraphy and ultrasound tomography of the liver. Schweiz. Med. Wochenschr. 101, 1180-1186. Gasser, G. and Kratochwil, A. (1971) Ultrasonic diagnostics of prastate, bladder and scrotum. Heh'. Chir. Acta 38, 519 521. Goldberg, B. B. and Pollack, H. M. (1971) Differentiation of renal masses using A-mode ultrasound. J. Urol. 105, 765 771. Grossman, H. (1971 ) Automatic evaluation of echograms in the ultrasonic method of liver diagnosis. Nachrichtentechnik 21, 64 66. Hikosaka, N., Sanda, M., Tadaki, H. et al. (1971) New trial in the diagnosis of hepatic tumors -method and significance of cytodiagnosis of the lesions localized by ultrasonics. Naika 27, 947 953. Holm, H. H. (1971) Ultrasonic scanning in the diagnosis of space-occupying lesions of the upper abdomen. Brit. J. Radiol. 44, 24-36. Holm, H. H., Rasmussen, S. N. and K ristensen, J. K. ( 19711 Identification of ultrasonic scanning pictures of the abdomen. Ultrasonics 9, 49-53. Kraehenbuhl, F. W., Ricatte, J. P., Gillet, M. el al. (19711 Tomoechographic exploration of the pancreas. Pres'se Med. 79, 1641 1644. Kristensen, J. K., Buemann, B. and Kuhl, E. (19711 Ultrasonic scanning in the diagnosis of spenic haematomas. Acta Chit'. Stand. 137, 653 657. Kyle, K. F., Deane, R. E., Morley, P. et al. (19711 Ultrasonography of the urinary tract. Brit. J. Urol. 43, 709 717. Lahoda, F. (1971) Studies on ultrasonic tomography of blunt abdominal injuries. Biomed. Tech. (Stutt.) 16, 220 222. Monroe, L. S., Leopold, G. R., Brown, J. W. et al. ( 1971 ) The ultrasonic scan in the management of amoebic hepatic abscess. Am. J. Dig. Dis. 16, 523-528. Mountford. R. A., Read, A. E. and Wells, P. N. (19711 Quantitative analysis of the ultrasonic liver scan. Gut 12, 862 863. Mountford, R. A., Ross, F. G., Burwood, R. J. et al. 11971) The use of ultrasound in the diagnosis of renal disease. Brit. J. Radio/. 44, 860 869. Nusbaum, J. W., Freimanis, A. K. and Thomford, N. R. (197l) Echography in the diagnosis of abdominal aortic aneurysm Arch. Surg. 102, 385 388. Oka, M., Nishii, T., Sakurai, T., Marusasa, Y., Hazama, A. and Kinoshita, H. (1971) Evaluation of the ultrasonic echodiagnosis of cholelithiases and cancers of the bile duct and pancreas. &lpan J. Surg. I, 42 5 3 . Rosenberg, J., Weiss. B. and Hernberg, J. (19711 Nephrosonography --a new diagnostic tool. J. Urol. 106, 127 132. Sanafuji, T. (1971) Present status of ultrasonic diagnosis of surgical jaundice and bile duct cancer. Surg. Ther. (Osaka) 24, 12 24. Stigsby, B. and Rasmussen, S. N. (1971)A semi-automatic method for liver volume determination based on ultrasonic scanning. Comp. Prog. Biomed. 2, 66 70. North-Holland, Amsterdam. Thomford, N. R. (1971) Echography an advance in the diagnosis of abdominal aortic aneurysm. Ohio State Med. J. 67, 317 318. Watanabe, H., Kaiho, H., Tanaka, M. and Terasawa, Y.

Bibliography of diagnostic uses of ultrasound in medicine and biology (1971) Diagnostic application of Ultrasonotomography to the prostate. Incest. Urol. 8, 68-559. Weill, F.. Becker, J., Kraehenbuhl, J. et al. (1971) Contribution of tomoechography in pancreatic exploration. Aml. Radiol. (Paris) 14, 735 746. Weill, F., Gisselbrecht, H., Ricatte, J. P. et al. (1971)Tomoechographic diagnosis of gallbladder dilatations. Arch. Ft'. Mal. Appl. Dig. 60, 49- 54. Weill, F., Kraehenbuhl, J., Ricatte, J. P. et al. (1971) Tomoechographic exploration of the liver. J. Radiol. Electrol. 3,led. Nucl. 52, 221. Weill, F., Ricatte, J. P., Schraub, S. et al. (1971) Tomoechographic exploration of the bile ducts. J. Radiol. Electrol. Med. Nucl. 52, 220. Willital, G. H. (197l) Advances in the diagnosis of anal and rectal atresia by ultrasonic-echo examination. J. Pedlar. Surg. 6, 454 457. Yokota, M., Natori, H., Niitsu, Y. et al. (1971)Giant cyst of the spleen on the diagnosis based on ultrasonic tomography. (.lupan) Naika 27, 355 360. 4(b). Peh'is Aantaa. K. (1971) Location of the placenta. A comparison between radiography, ultrasound, thermography, isotopes. Aeta Radiol. Diag. Suppl. (Stockholm) 303, 3 71. Abramowski, P. K. and Kopecky, P. (1971) Ultrasonic sectional view observations during and after intrauterineintraperitoneal transfusions. Geburtshilfe Frauenheill, d. 31,817 822. Alvarez, B. A. (1971) Examination with ultrasonic technics in gynecology and obstetrics. Gineeol. Obstet. Mex. 29, 233 248. Ba, J., Sobel, M. and Falus, M. (1971) Intrauterine ultrasonic diagnosis of hydrops fetalis universalis. Orz,. Hetil. 112, 1897 1898. Bayer, tt. ( 1971 ) Results of incorporation of ultrasonic procedures into obstetric diagnostics. Zentralbl. Gynaekol. 93, 1460 1467. Boog, G., Renaud, R., Kuhn, A. et al. (1971) Contribution of ultrasonic echography in antenatal supervision of rhesus isoimmunization. Gyneco/. Obstet. (Paris) 70, 457 464. Botas, It. and De, C. (1971) New method of diagnosis in obstetrics and gynecology. Aeta Obstet. Gineeol. Hisp. Lusit. 19, 292 326. Brodtkorb, C. and Gergsjo, P. (1971) Determination of gestational age by ultrasound. Nord. Med. 86, 1569--t570. Campbell, S. and Dewhurst, C. J. (1971) Diagnosis of the small-for-dates fetus by serial ultrasonic cephalometry. Lamel 2, 1002 1006. Campbell, S. and Newman, G. B. (1971) Growth of the fetal biparietal diameter during normal pregnancy. J. Obstet. Gvnaeeol. Brit. Common. 78, 513-519. Donald. I. (1971) Sonar Further scope and prospects. Proc. R. Soe. Med. 64, 991 996. Formby, D. J. (1971) Ultrasonics in hydranencephaly in the presence o1' an intact falx cerebri. Aust. Paediat. J. 7, 150 152. Garrett, ~ . J. and Robinson, D. E. (1971) Assessment of fetal size and growth rate by ultrasonic echoscopy. Obstet. Gvnecol. 38, 525 534. Goodlin, R. C. (1971) Routine ultrasonic examinations in obstetrics. Lancet 2, 604-605. Grassi, G., Reale, P., Benzi, C. et al. (1971) Ultrasonic echograpms in obstetrics and gynecology. Minerva Ginecol. 23, 1024-1036.

93

Gros, C., Walter, J. P., Kieny, R. et al. ( 197 I) X-ray diagnosis and tomoechography of an abdomino-pelvic tumor (Comparative iconography). J. Radiol. Eleetrol. Med. Nuel. 52, 231 233. Gros, Ch., Walter. J. P., Keller, B., Dellenbach, P. et Jacob. M. (1971) L'echographie en gynecologie. (Diagnostic des processus expansifs.) J. Radiol d'electrol. 52, -'1.93 496. Hameeteman, T. M. 11971) Echodiagnosis. Application in obstetrics and gynecology. Ned. Tijdsehr.. Geneeskd. 115, 920-923. Hansmann, H., Nellem J. and Henning, H. (19711 Clinical results of a modified method for ultrasonic diagnosis in obstetrics. Arch. Gynaekol. 211,264-267. Ianniruberto, A., Destro, F. and Cubesi, G. (1971) Ultrasonic echographic diagnosis of intrauterine death of tile fetus. Minerca Gmecol. 23, 955 960. lanniruberto, A. and Gibbons, J. M. (1971) Predicting fetal weight by ultrasonic B-scan cephalometry. An improved technique with disappointing results. Ohstet. Gym,co/. 37, 689-694. Jenssen, J. (1971) Echo diagnosis in maternity care and gynecology. Tidsskr. Not'. Laeg¢ffbren 91, 1870 1872. Jouppila, P. ( 1971 ) Ultrasound in the diagnosis of early pregnancy and its complications. A comparative study of the A-, B- and doppler methods. Aeta Ohstct. Gvm,~o/. ,S'
94

GERALDINE CLARK and DENIS WHITE

Levi, S. (1971) The use of ultrasonic biparietal diameter measurement on the fetus in assessing gestational age. Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scand. 50, 179 182. Loch, E. G. (1971) Ultrasonics in pregnancy counselling. Arch. Gynaekol. 211, 268-269. Lundberg, J. (1971) Diagnosis of abruptio placentae by ultrasound. Lancet 1,806. Macheleidt, R. and Doil, R. ( 1971) Possibilities and results of ultrasonic diagnosis in obstetrics. Zentralbl. Gynaekol. 93, 81- 85. MacGillivray, 1. (1971) Ultrasound in the measurement of fetal growth. Dec. Med. C77iMNeurol. 13, 106 107. Macheleidt, R. and Doil, R. (1971) The use of ultrasound in gynecological diagnosis. Zentralbl. Gynaekol. 93, 1457 1459. Murata, Y., Takemura, H. and Kurachi, K. (1971) Observation of fetal cardiac motion by M-mode ultrasonic cardiography. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 111, 287 294. Naudin, E. P., Berland, M. and Pagnon, P. (1971) Value of ultrasonics in obstetrics. J. Med. Lyon 52, 1403 1421. Nemes, G. and Kerenyi, T. D. (19713 Ultrasonic localization of the IUCD a new technique. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 109, 1219 1220. Nola, V., Franco, J. and Bickhart, E. (19713 Placental localization without ionizing radiation. Obstet. G.l'necol. 38, 25 28. Piiroinem O. and Manninen, K. (19713 About the foetal cephalometry by ultrasound. Acta Obstet. Gynecol. Scamt. 9, 9 68. Ravina, J. H. and Madelenat, P. (1971) Ultrasonic echography in obstetrics. Presse Med. 79, 2068 2069. Renaer, M. (1971) Indications and detection methods for localization of the placenta, h~lirmiere 29, 18 20. Rio de la Loza, F., Dominguez, F. and Orozco, J. (1971) Ultrasonic monitoring in obstetrical practice. Its use and evaluation. Ginecol. Obstet. Mex. 29, 445 -450. Rothberg, L. ( 1971 ) A new sound in obstetrics. R N 34, 38 -40. Schlensker, K. H. ( 1971) Placentography using the ultrasonic section viewing method. Geburtshil/e Frauenheilkd. 31, 879 897. Sekiba, K., Kobayashi, S., Uno, A. et ul. (1971 ) Approach to cephalopelvic disproportion (C.P.D.) by ultrasonic tomography. J. Japan Obstet. Gynecol. Soc. 23, 989 998. Templeton, A. W. and Stuber, J. L. (19713 Abdominal and retroperitoneal sonography. Am. J. Roentgenol. Radium Ther. Nut/. Med. 113, 741-748. Thieme, R., Johannigmann, J. and Zahn, V. (19713 Ultrasonic presentation of an anencephalus. Zentralb]. Gynaekol. 93, 1468-1470. Troostwijk, A. L. (1971) Significance of echoscopy for diagnosis of normal and complicated early pregnancy. Ned. T~/dschr. Geneeskd. 115, 2082 2083. Underhill, R. A., Beazley, J. M. and Campbell, S. (19711 Comparison of ultrasound cephalometry, radiology, and liquor studies in patients with unknown confinement dates. Brit. Med. J. 3, 736 738. Weill, F., Colette, C., Heriot, G. et al. (1971) Tomoechographic exploration of the embryo and fetus (fetal abnormality, death and viability). J. Radiol. Eh, ctrol. Med. Nucl. 52, 524. Weill, F., Heriot, G., Ricatte, J. P. et al. (1971) Tomoechographic study of the fetal head. Deformities and fetal death. J. Radiol. Electrol. Med. Nucl. 52, 13~ 17. Weill, F., Heriot, G., Colette, C. et al. (19713 A tomoechographic sign of fetal death. Presse Med. 79, 52 53.

Whittingham, T. A. (1971) The ultrasonic biparietal diameter, expressed in time units. Brit. J. Radiol. 44, 481 482. Widmaier, G., Schmidt, D., Grossmann, H. et al. (1971) Intrauterine determination of biparietal skull diameter using the ultrasound diagnostic device GA 10, and dircct registration of the echograms. Z. Gehurtshille Gynaeko/. 175, 97- 104. Willocks. J. and Dunsmore, I. R. (197l) Assessment of gestational age and prediction ofdysmaturity by ultrasonic fetal cephalometry. J. Obstet. G.l'naecol. Brit. Common. 78, 804- 8"08. Willocks, J. (19713 The study of fetal growth by serial cephalometry and estriol measurements. J. Reprod. Med. 6, 189 193. 5. Other organs

Blum, M., Weiss, B. and Hernberg, J. (19713 Evaluation of thyroid nodules by A-mode echography. Radiology 101, 651 656. Bogin, 1. U. N., Romacheva, 1. F. and Makhutina, Z. M. ( 1971) Topographic diagnosis of diseases of the parotid and submaxillary salivary glands. Biull. eksp. Biol. Med. 71, 27 31. Bogin, 1. N. and Stulin, I. D. (1971) Application of the method of 2-dimensional echospondylography for determining landmarks in lumbar punctures. Zh. Necropalol. Psikhiat. 71, 1810 1811. Campbell. E. A. and Herve, M. P. (1971) Prediction of the weight of the M M. Longissimi Thoracis et Lumborunl by ultrasonic measurements in steers and calves. Res. bel. Sci. 12, 420 426. Campbell, E. A. and Herve, M. P. (19713 Influence of technique on the repeatability of ultrasonic prediction o1"total muscle in the half carcase in the field. Res. Vet. Sci. 12, 433-437. Daly, C. H. and Wheeler, J. B. (1971) The use of ultrasonic thickness measurement in the clinical evaluation of the oral soft tissues. Int. Dent. J. 21, 418- 429. Gros, C. and Jacob, M. (197r) Mammary and thyroid echography. J. Radiol. Electrol. Med. Nucl. 52, 222 228. Gryminski, J. (197l) Use of the ultrasound method in the diagnosis of pleural diseases. Gruzlica 29, 694 699. Herve, M. P. and Campbell, E. A. (1971) Prediction of the weight of total muscles by ultrasonic measurement in steers and calves. Res. ~k,t. Sci. 12, 427 432. Jellins, J., Kossoff, G., Buddee, F. W. and Reeve, T. S. ( 1971 ) Ultrasonic visualization of the breast. Med. J. Ausl. I, 305. Kristensen, J. K.. Liken, M. and von Wowern, F. i19713 Ultrasonic diagnosis of carotid artery disease. J. Neuro.~urg. 35, 40 44. Lees, S. (19713 Ultrasonics in hard tissues. Int. Dem..I. 21, 403-417. Lees, S. and Barber, F. E. (19713 Looking into the tooth and its surfaces with ultrasonics. Ultrasonics 9, 95 100. Lota, M. J. and Sherrard, W. A. (1971) Evaluation of uhrasound echography in studies of peripheral vessels. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 52, 1 7. Minifie, F. D., Kelsey, C. A., Zagzehski, J. A. et al. (1971) Ultrasonic scans of the dorsal surface of the tongue..1. acoust. Sot'. Am. 49, 185Zd860. Planiol, T., Garner, G. and Poucelot, L. ( 1971) Thyroid gland exploration by bidimensional echography. Ann. Radiol. (Paris) 14, 683-694. Planiol, T., Garner, G. and Pourcelot, L. (19713 Association

Bibliography of diagnostic uses of ultrasound in medicine and biology of thermography and bidimensional echography with radioisotope scanning in the study of cold thyroid nodules. Ann. Radiol. (Paris) 14, 695-708. Rasmussen, S. N., Christiansen, N. J. B., Jorgensen, J. S. and Holm, H. H. (1971) Differentiation between cystic and solid thyroid nodules by ultrasonic examination. Acla Chit. Scand. 137, 331 333. Robert, ,l., Leclere, J., Bertrand, A. etaL (1971) Contribution of ultrasonics to the diagnosis of thyroid diseases. Ann. EndocrinoL (Paris) 32, 114 123. Rubissow, G ,l. and Mackay, R. S. (1971) Ultrasonic imaging of in t,it~o bubbles in decompression sickness. Ultrasonics 9, 225-234. Sheliakhovskii, M. V., Tsurupa, D. I. and lakubovich, G. K. (1971) Ultrasonic diagnosis of lung cancer. Vopr. Onkol. 17, 16- 23. Strakova, M. and Markova, J. (1971) Ultrasound used for measuring subcutaneous fat. Rev. Czech. Med. 17, 66-73. Thijs, L. G. (1971) Diagnostic ultrasound in clinical thyroid investigation. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 32, 709 716. Viikeri, M. ( 197 I) Examination of pleural plaques by ultrasonics. Nord. Med. 85, 937 938. Yazaki, S. (1971 ) Diagnosis of neonatal atelectasis. J. Japan Ohstet. Gynecol. Soc. 23, 273 281.

E.

DOPPLER TECHNIQUES

1. Vascular

Abelson, D. M., Jaffe, J. and Murray, P. J. (1971) Determination of cardiovascular velocities by dopplercardiometry. 1. The normal tracing and effects of age. Cardiovasc. Res. 5, 535. 544. Abelson, D., Bernbaum, D., Gunning, J. F. et aL (1971) Determination of cardiovascular velocities by dopplercardiometry. 2. Detection of impaired left ventricular function. Cardiovasc. Res. 5, 545-549. Abelson, D. and Meyer, V. (1971) A dopplercardiometer with electronic gate. Trans. N. Y. Acad. Sci. 33, 564-575. Alexander, R. H., Nippa, ,l. H. and Folse, R. (1971) Directional transcutaneous assessment of venous inflow. Am. Heart J. 82, 86 92. Arts, M. G. J. (1971) On the Instantaneous Measurement ~[ Blooc([tow by Ultrasonic Means. Eindhoven University of Technology Report. (7 I-E-20) Bauer, R. D. and Pasch, T. ( 1971 ) Method for improving the accuracy of blood flow-rate registration measured transcutaneous by using the ultrasonic doppler principle. KlhT. Wochenschr. 49, 1239 1240. Benchimol, A., Desser. K. B. and Schumacher, J. (1971) Blood flow velocity during ventricular fibrillation in man measured with the doppler flowmeter technique. Chest 60, 265 267. Benchimol, A., Stegall, H. F. and Gartland, J. L. (1971) New method to measure phasic coronary blood velocity in man. An1. Heart J. 81, 93 101. Berg, L. van de (1971) Ultrasonic vascular examination. Rec. Med. Liege 26, 168 174. Bingham, H. G. and Lichti, E. L. (1971) The doppler as an aid in predicting the behavior of congenital c,,.utaneous hemangioma. Plast. Reeonstr. Surg. 47, 580-583. Bollinger, A. ( 1971) Evaluation of doppler ultrasound. Ther. Umsch 28, 528 530. Couch, N. P., Water, ,l. M. van de and Dmochowski, J. R. (1971 ) Noninvasive measurement of peripheral arterial

95

flow. Impedance cardiograph and ultrasonic doppler flowmeter. Arch. Surg. 102, 435 439. Cross, G. and Light. L. H. (1971) Direction-resolving doppler instrument with improved rejection of tissue artifacts for transcutaneous aortovelography. J. Ph.vsiol. ( Lond.) 217, 5P-7P. Edmonds-Seal, J., Prys-Roberts, C. and Adams, A. P. ( 1971 ) Air embolism. A comparison of various methods o1 detection. Anaesthesia 26, 202-208. Elkadi, A., Lichti, E. L., Sauer, P. E. et-zd. (1971) Preoperative and postoperative evaluation of the cannulation site in patients undergoing open-heart surgery. The usc ot" the doppler ultrasonic flowmeter. J. Thorac. ('ardiorasc. Sin',-. 61,739-745. Evans, D. S. (1971 ) The early diagnosis of thromboem bolism by ultrasound. Ann. R. Coll. Surg. Engl. 49, 225 249. Fitzgerald, D. E., Gosling, R. G and Woodcock, J. P. (19711 Grading dynamic capability of arterial collateral circulation. Lancet I, 66 67. Flax, S. W., Webster, J. G. and Updike, S. J. ( 1971 ) Statistical evaluation of the doppler ultrasonic blood flowmeter. ISA Transactions 10, l 20. Gleichmann, U., Kreuzer, H., Loogen. F. et al. (19711 Left ventricular doppler ultrasonics cardiogram. Z Krei.~lauffbrsch. 60, 452 460. Gosling, R. G., Dunbar, G., King, D. H., Newman, D. L., Side, C. D., Woodcock. J. P., Fitzgerald, D. E.. Kcatcs. J. S. and MacMillan. D. (1971) The quantitative analysis of occlusixe peripheral arterial disease by a non-mtrusixc ultrasonic technique. Angiology 22, 52. Gruntzig, A., Brunner, U.. Meier, W. et al. (1971) Changes in the systolic pressure of ankle arteries following vascular surgery, as measured by using the doppler ultrasound principle. Schweiz..i4ed. Wochenschr. 101,905 908. Hall, C. M. et a/. (1971) The early diagnosis in deep-~em thrombosis. Brit. J. Surg. 58, I01 11)4. Henzel, ,I. H., Lichti, W. L. and Deweese, M. S. ( 1971 ) Diagnosis and localization of acute vascular injury by uhrasonic doppler. South Med. J. 64, 882 888. Hernandez, A., Goldring, D. and Hartmann, A. F. (1971) Measurement of blood pressure in infants and children by the doppler ultrasonic technique. Pediatrics 48, 788 794. Hipona, F. A., Sear, H. S. and Boyle, R. N. (1971) Precision arteriography with ultrasonic timing, blvest. Radiol. 6, 65-69. Hochberg, H. M. (1971) Automatic ultrasonic blood pressure measurement in children a feasibility study. ('urr. Ther. Res. 13, 473-481. Hochberg, H. M. and Satlzman, M. B. ( 197t ) Accuracy of an ultrasound blood pressure instrument in neonates, infants and children. Curt. Ther. Res. 13, 482 488. Hochberg, H. M. and Salomon, H. (1971) Accuracy of an automated ultrasound blood pressure monitor. Curt. l'her. Res. 13, 129~138. Hokanson, D. E., M ozersky, D. ,l., Sumner, D. S. el a[. ( 1971 Ultrasonic arteriography A new approach to arterial visualisation. Biomed. Engng 6, 420. `lames, P. B. and Galloway, R. W. (1971) The ultrasonic blood velocity detector as an aid to arteriography. Brit. J. Radiol. 44, 743 -746. James, P. B. (1971) Peripheral arteriography timed by an ultrasonic blood-velocity detector. Brit. ,I. Surg. 58, 872. ,lanis, K. M., Kemmerer, W. T. and Hagood, C. C. (1971) Doppler blood pressure measurement in infants and small children. J. Pedlar. Surg. 6, 70 72.

96

GERALDINE CLARKand DENIS WHITE

Joyner, C. R., Harrison, F. S. and Gruber, J. W. (1971) Diagnosis of hypertrophic subaortic stenosis with a doppler velocity flow detector. Ann. Int. Med. 74, 692-696. Kazamias, T. N., Gander, M. P., Franklin, D. L. and Ross, J. (1971) Blood pressure measurement with doppler ultrasonic ftowmeter. J. appl. Physiol. 30, 585 588. Keitzer, W. F. and Lichti, E. L. (1971) Doppler A diagnostic and operative adjunct for arteriovenous malformation. Casereport. Mo. Med. 68, 851 853. Kirkland, R. (1971) Systolic blood pressure measurement in newborn with transcutaneous doppler. Arch. Dis'. Child 46, 399. Lauliac, M. and Harichaux, P. (1971) Current methods of peripheral vascular exploration (Plethysmography, reactive hyperemia, doppler sonar). Angeiologie 23, 267-272. Lavenson, G. S., Rich, N. M. and Strandness, D. E. (1971) Ultrasonic flow detector value in combat vascular injuries. Arch. Surg. 103, 644 647. Lennihan, R. and Mackereth, M. (1971) Ultrasound as an aid in the diagnosis and treatment of intermittent claudication. Del. Med. J. 43, 157-159. Lewis, J. D., Dickson, G. E., Needham, T. N. et al. ( 1971 ) A comparative study of electromagnetic and ultrasonic flow measurements. Brit. J. Surg. 58, 306--307. Lichti, E. L., Keitzer, W. F., Henzel, J. H. et al. (1971 ) Atraumatic evaluation of peripheral vascular disease in older patients. Geriatrics 26, 80-85. Lichti, E. L., Willets, P., Turner, M. et al. (1971) Cardiac massage efficacy monitored by doppler ultrasonic flowmeter, A preliminary report. Mo. Med. 68, 317--320. Light, L. H. (1971) Direction-resolving doppler system and real-time analogue spectral recorder for transcutaneous aortovelography. Digest o f the 9th htternational Confi, renee on Medicine and Bioligical Engineering, Melbourne, Vol. 228. Loisance, D., Peronneau, P., Pellet, M. et al. (1971) Study of arterial and portal hepatic circulation by means of an ultrasonic doppler-effect flow meter. Preliminary experimental results. Presse Med. 79, 1227-1230. Loisance, D. Y., Peronneau, P. A., Pellet, M. et Hinglais, J. (1971) Etude peroperatoire des pontages aorto-conoaires par debitmetrie ultrasonore. Premiers resultats. Presse Med. 79, 2130-2133. Magnus, S. and Pardemann, G. (1971) Choice of the most suitable parameters of doppler devices for ultrasonic diagnostics. Studia Biophys. 26, 131 138. Mahler, F., Hirzel, H., Bollinger, A. et al. (1971)Transcutaneous registration of blood flow velocity in the jugular vein using doppler's flow-detectors. Verh. Dtsch. Ges. KreislaufJorsch. 37, 377-381. Mahler, F. et al. (1971) Use of doppler flow detectors in diagnosis of venous diseases, Z. Kreislau~brsch. 59, 1141 1152. McLaughlin, G. W., Kirby, R. R., Kemmerer, W. T. et al. (1971) Indirect measurement of blood pressure in infants utilizing doppler ultrasound. J. Pediat. 79, 300 303. Michie, D. D. and Cain, C. P. (1971) Effect of hematocrit upon the shift in doppler frequency. Proc. Soc. exp. Biol. Med. 138, 768 772. Miller, C. W., Nealeigh, R. C. and Histaud, M. B. (1971) Evaluation o f a Pulsed Ultrasonic Doppler Technique Jor Assessment o f Cardiovascular Function. CSU-PHS, Collaborative Radiological Health Laboratory, Annual Report. U.S. Dept. of Health, Education & Welfare, Public Health Service, Food & Drug Administration.

Miller, C. W. and Nealeigh, R. C. (1971. The EfJect o f Age upon Aortic Ejection Time and the Mechanical Properties (?['Arteries. CSU-PHS, Collaborative Radiological Health Laboratory Annual Report. U.S. Dept. Health, Education & Welfare, Public Health Service, Food & Drug Administration. Miller, S. S., Grossman, J. A. and Foote, A. V. (1971) The ultrasonic detection of incompetent perforating veins. Brit. J. Surg. 58, 872. Milne, R. M., Gunn, A. A., Griffiths, J. M. et al. (1971) Postoperative deep venous thrombosis. A comparison of diagnostic techniques. Lancet 2, 445-447. Miyazaki, M. (1971) Multiple and simultaneous blood flow measurements by the ultrasonic doppler technique in man, with special reference to the circulatory effects induced hypertension on internal and external carotid arteries and brachial artery. Japan Circ. J. 35, 405-412. Moylan, J. A., lnge, W. W. and Pruitt, B. A. (1971) Circulatory changes following circumferential extremity burns evaluated by the ultrasonic flowmeter an analysis of 60 thermally injured limbs. J. Trauma 11, 763-770. Mozersky, D. J., Hokanson, D. E., Baker, D. W., Sumner, D. S. and Strandness, D. E. (1971) Ultrasonic arteriography. Arch. Surg. 103, 663-668. Myhre, H. O. (197l) Ultrasonic diagnosis of venous thrombosis. Tidsskr. Nor. LaegeJoren 91, 2092-2093. Myhre, H. O. ( 1971 ) Ultrasonic measurements of blood pressure in arteriosclerosis obliterans. Nord. Med. 85, 608-609. Myhre, H. O. and Kordt, K. E. ( 1971 ) Ultrasound in the diagnosis of incompetent perforating veins. J. Oslo City Ho,~p. 21, 173 177. Myhre, H. O. (1971) Ultrasound examination for deep vein thrombosis. J. Oslo City Ho~W. 21, 178-182. Myhre, H. O. (1971) Ankle systolic pressure in lower limb arteriosclerosis measured by the use of an ultrasound flow detector. J. Oslo Ci O, Hosp. 21, 183-190. Partsch, H. and Lofferer, O. (1971) Studies of the venous reflux from the lower limb using a direct ultrasonic detector. Wien Klin. Wochenschr. 83, 781-789. Pasch, T., Bauer, R. D., Grube, F. O. et al. (I 971) Experiences with the ultrasonic-doppler measuring device for transcutaneous registration of blood flow velocity in man. Verh. Dtsch. Ges. KreislaujJbrsch. 37, 370 376. Pedoe, D. S. (1971) Blood velocity measurements in aortic regurgitation using heated thin film and ultrasonic techniques. Vr. Heart J. 33, 611. Peronneau, P. and Hinglais, J. (1971) Continuous measurement of instantaneous blood flow. Presse Med, 79, 1225 1226. Peronneau, P. A., Pellet, M. M., Xhaard, M. C. and Hinglais, J. R. (1971) Pulsed doppler ultrasonic blood flowmeter real-time instantaneous velocity profiles. Symposium on FIo~v, Pittsburgh, Pa., U.S.A., 10 14 May. Poppers, P. J., Epstein, R. M. and Donham, R. T. (1971) Automatic ultrasound monitoring of blood pressure during induced hypotension. Anesthesiology 35, 431 435. Ram, M. D. and Bhimani, B. K. (1971) Studies on velocity blood flow with the ultrasonic flowmeter. Surg. Gynecol. Obstet. 133, 815- 820. Reagan, T. R., Miller, C. W. and Strandness, D. E. (1971) Transcutaneous measurement of femoral artery flow. J. Surg. Res, 11,477 482. Reichle, F. A. (1971 ) Noninvasive blood pressure measurement in the rat ultrasonic auscultation. J. Surg. Res. 11, 539 544.

Bibliography of diagnostic uses of ultrasound in medicine and biology Resch, B. and Herczeg, J. (1971)Clinical experiences with the ultrasonic movement detector doptone. Zentralbl. Gynaekol. 93, 86-92. Richter, H. ( 1971 ) Use of doppler's ultrasonic probe in blood vessel and organ puntures. Verh. Disch. Ges. Kreislauf/orsch. 37, 395 399. Saakov. B. A., Lube, V. M., Shepotinovskii, V. I. et al. (1971) Ultrasonic method of studying regional blood flow. Biull. eksp. biol. Med. 71, 116 119. Sabri, S. and Cotton, L. T. (1971) New test for the detection of peripheral arteriovenous fistulae. Brit. Med. J. 3, 761 762. Sheppard, L C., Johnson, T. S. and Kirklin, J. W. (1971) Controlled study of brachial artery blood pressure measured b3 a new indirect method. J. Assoc. Adv. Med. hlstrum. 5, 297 301. Stephen son, H. E. and Lichti, E. L. (1971)The doppler ultrasonic flowmeter in the management of the dialysis arteriovenous fistula. Arch. Surg. 103, 774. Stephenson, H. E. and Lichti, E. L. ( 1971 ) Application of the doppler ultrasonic flowmeter in the surgical treatment of arteriovenous fistula. Am. Surg. 37, 537-538. Taniguchi, H. and Moriyama, H. (1971) Studies on the ocular circulation with an ultrasonic doppler technique. Flow pulse in the ophthalmic artery in the aortitis syndrome. Acta. Soc. Ophthal. Jap. 75, 1831-1836. Thulesius, O. and Gjores, J. E. (1971)Comparison between plethysmography, xenon-clearance and ultrasonic measurements in oclusive peripheral artery diseases. Nord. Med. 86, 11108. Thulesius, O. and Gjores, J. E. (1971) Use of doppler shift detection for determining peripheral arterial blood pressure. Angiology 22, 594 603. Waltemath, C. L. and Preuss, D. D. (1971) Determination of blood pressure in low-flow states by the doppler technique. Anesthesiology 34, 77 79. Woodcock. J. P. and Gosling, R. G. (1971) Transcutaneous ultrasonics as an alternative to arteriography. Brit. J. Radi~d. 44, 562. Wyatt, A. P., Loxton, G. E. and Ratnavel, K. (1971) Doppler ultrasound measurement of supraorbital artery blood pressure. Brit. J. Surg. 58, 872. Zahed, B., Sadove, M. S., Hatano, S. et al. (1971) Comparison of automated doppler ultrasound and korotkoff measurements of blood pressure of children. Anesth. Analg. (('h'r~'~ 50, 699 704. 2. Olh~'r organs Brown, R. E. ( 1971 ) Doppler ultrasound in obstetrics. JA MA 218, 1395 1399. Dubecq, J. P., Soumireu-Mourat, J. and Maleviale, G. (1971) Fetal cardiac monitoring during labor. Bord. Med. 4, 1905 1906. K retowicz. J. ( 1971 ) Polycardiographic evaluation of selected parameters of fetal heart activity in normal conditions and in pathologic states with special reference to ultrasonic methods. Genekol. Pol. 42, 1409 1439. Laakso, L., Kivikoski, A. and Rauramo, L. (1971)Placental localization by the gamma camera and doppler flowmeter. Acta Ob~'tet. Gynecol. Scand. 50, 171 173. Lindahl, 1 L. (1971) Pregnancy diagnosis in the ewe by intrarectal doppler. J. Animal Sci. 32, 922-925. Ozawa. S. (1971) Ultrasonic doppler method in obstetrics. .4eta. Med. (Fukuoka), 41,364-381.

UMB Vt~l. I, No. I (i

~7

Resch, B., Herczeg, J., Altmayer, P. et al. (1971) The efficiency of doppler-technique in the first trimester of pregnancy. Ann. Chir. Gynaecol. Fenn. 60, 85-88. Takei, T. (1971 ) Transvaginal del~ectionof fetal heart rate by the ultrasonic doppler method during early pregnancy. J. Japan Obstet. Gynecol. Soc. 23, 131-132. Wingate, M. B., Tchilinguirian, N. G. and Wingate, L. ( 1971 ) An evaluation of an ultrasound unit for continuous monitoring of the fetal heart. South Med. J. 64, 1342-1345.

F.

HOLOGRAPHIC TECHNIQUES

Aldridge, E. E., Clare, A. B., Lloyd, G. A., Shepherd, D. A. and Wright, J. E. (1971) A preliminary investigation of the use of ultrasonic holography in ophthalmology. Brit. ,l. Radiol. 44, 126-130. Greguss, P. (1971) Quasiholographic 3D representation of ultrasonic data. 7th International Congress on Acoustics, Budapest, pp. 473 476. Kaye, D. Acoustic holography picks up where medical Xrays leave off. Electron. Des. 19, 15. Metherell, A. F. (1971) The Present Status o/Acoustical Holography. Developments in Holograph)', Seminar Proceedings, Vol. 25, Soc. of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers, P.O. Box 288, Redondo Beach, California, 90277. Sikov, M. R., Reich, F. R. and Deichman, J. L. (19711 Studies of reproductive biology using ultrasonic holography. 24th ACEMB--lnternation Hotel, Las Vegas, Nevada, Oct. 31 Nov. 4, 1971. Steenhuysen, L. W. G. and Termeulen, J. (t971 ) Holographic recording of acoustic fields in transparencies by means of a frequency modulated reference beam. Appl. Opt. 10, 981 983. Winter, D. C. (1971) Aberration reduction in acoustical holography. Appl. Opt. 10, 1074-1079. Wright, J. E., Lloyd, G. A. and Clare, A. B. ( 1971 ) Ultrasonic holography. Trans. Ophthal. Soc. U.K. 91,519 527.

G.

OTHER TECHNIQUES

Barnes, R. W. and Thurstone, F. L. (1971) An ultrasound moving target indicator system for diagnostic use. IEEE McCready, V. R. and Hill, C. R. (1971) A constant depth ultrasonic scanner. Brit. J. Radiol. 44, 747 750.

H.

INSTRUMENTATION AND EQUIPMENT

Cook, B. D. and Werchan, R, E. (1971) Mapping ultrasonic fields with cholesteric liquid crystals. Ultrasonics 101 102. Fry, E. K., Okuyama, D. and Fry, F. J. (1971 ) The influence of biological and instrumentation variables on the characteristics of echosonograms. Ultrason. Med. 1, 387 393. Grossman, H. and Millner, R. (1971) Time transformation of ultrasonic echograms for pen recording. Nachrichtentschnik 21, 66 68. Hochberg, H. M. and Saltzman, M. B. (1971) Evaluation of a new ultrasonic fetal heart motion detector. Curr. Ther. Res. 13, 729 733.

98

GERALDINE CLARKand DENIS WHITE

Lahoda, F. (1971) Studies on improving ultrasonic contrast in tissue. Biomed. Tech. (Stutt.) 16, 223-225. McDicken, W. N. (1971) A flexible precision support for ultrasonic transducers. Brit. J. Radiol. 44, 983. Pond, J. B., Woodward, B. and Dyson, M. (1971) A microscope viewing ultrasonic irradiation chamber. Phys. Med. Biol. 16, 521 524.

Soldner, R. and Krause, W. (1971) Ultrasonic scanner with increased image sequence in medical diagnosis. Biomed. Tech. (Stutt.) 16, 87-89. Szilard, J. et al. (1971) An ultrasonic fast scanning system for visualising soft tissue anatomy. IEEE Conference Publicalion #80 Displays, pp. 339 346.