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Bilbao’s Republican urologists: Persecuted by Franco’s regime after the Spanish Civil War
32nd Annual EAU Congress, 24-28 March 2017, London, United Kingdom
507
Bilbao’s Republican urologists: Persecuted by Franco’s regime after the Spanish Civil War Eur Urol Suppl 2017; 16(3);e879
Angulo J.1, Guimon J.2, Gondra J.3, Pérez-Yarza G.4, Ercoreka A.3 1
Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Dept. of Urology, Getafe, Spain, 2Universidad Del Pais Vasco, Dept. of Psichiatry, Bilbao, Spain, 3Universidad Del Pais Vasco, Museum of History of Medicine, Bilbao, Spain, 4 Universidad Del Pais Vasco, Dept. of Physiology, Bilbao, Spain INTRODUCTION & OBJECTIVES: Before Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) Spanish Republic allowed autonomous Basque government formed by nationalists and leftists (Spanish Socialist Workers' Party and Communist Party). Basque Medical School was organized in Basurto Hospital (Bilbao). Durango and Gernika carpet bombing destroyed civil population in March and April 1937 and a few months later the Basque Army abandoned Bilbao and surrendered to the Italian Corpo Truppe Volontari in Santoña (Santander) and Francoists occupied the Basque territory. MATERIAL & METHODS: Literature search and family documental evidence upon the lifes and roles of basque urologists exiled during the Civil War is analyzed, together with the materials deposited in the Basque Museum of the History of Medicine. RESULTS: Jesus Arrese Axpe (1879-1943) founder of Asociación Española de Urología (AEU) in 1911 and doctor of Sports Club Bilbao. Medical director of Basurto in 1933, inagurated with President Jose Antonio Aguirre the Basque University on December 1936. He moved to Barcelona and later exiled to Venezuela in 1939 to work as physician in coal mines. He returned to Bilbao just before his death. Francisco Pérez Andrés (1886-1949), disciple of Joaquín Albarrán, organized in 1919 the first urologic unit in Basurto and collaborated to stablish a pioneer institute of medical specialties in 1934. He was socialist trade unionist and exiled to Biarritz (France) to work in Hospital Roseraie for basque evacuees. He was later imprisioned and couldn’t recover professionally. Julian Guimón Rezola (1898-1980), Head of Surgery in Basurto in 1936, established the curricula for urologic teaching in the university and founded nurse school. When insurgents entered Bilbao the university was closed and he was sentenced to life imprisonment but was pardoned in 1940 and recovered successful private practice in Bilbao. Gonzalo de Aranguren Sabas (1905-1975), director of Militar Hospital in Amorebieta and later of Roseraie, was exiled in Venezuela until 1958. Jerónimo Gutiérrez Gorroño (1913-1999), captain and director of Militar Hospital of Abadiano, was professionally disabled and not rehabilitated until the fifties. CONCLUSIONS: The urologic professional force stablished in Basurto Hospital was harshly repressed after the Civil War, not only for their political ideas, but also for their double loyalty to legitimate Basque and Spanish republican governments and for their commitment with an embrionic Basque University. The professionals presented suffered exile and/or imprisonment and considered outstanding personalities were not given the chance to be exempted of political responsabilities. None of them could recover an academic job.
Eur Urol Suppl 2017; 16(3);e879 Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
507
Bilbao’s Republican urologists: Persecuted by Franco’s regime after the Spanish Civil War Eur Urol Suppl 2017; 16(3);e879
Angulo J.1, Guimon J.2, Gondra J.3, Pérez-Yarza G.4, Ercoreka A.3 1
Hospital Universitario de Getafe, Dept. of Urology, Getafe, Spain, 2Universidad Del Pais Vasco, Dept. of Psichiatry, Bilbao, Spain, 3Universidad Del Pais Vasco, Museum of History of Medicine, Bilbao, Spain, 4 Universidad Del Pais Vasco, Dept. of Physiology, Bilbao, Spain INTRODUCTION & OBJECTIVES: Before Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) Spanish Republic allowed autonomous Basque government formed by nationalists and leftists (Spanish Socialist Workers' Party and Communist Party). Basque Medical School was organized in Basurto Hospital (Bilbao). Durango and Gernika carpet bombing destroyed civil population in March and April 1937 and a few months later the Basque Army abandoned Bilbao and surrendered to the Italian Corpo Truppe Volontari in Santoña (Santander) and Francoists occupied the Basque territory. MATERIAL & METHODS: Literature search and family documental evidence upon the lifes and roles of basque urologists exiled during the Civil War is analyzed, together with the materials deposited in the Basque Museum of the History of Medicine. RESULTS: Jesus Arrese Axpe (1879-1943) founder of Asociación Española de Urología (AEU) in 1911 and doctor of Sports Club Bilbao. Medical director of Basurto in 1933, inagurated with President Jose Antonio Aguirre the Basque University on December 1936. He moved to Barcelona and later exiled to Venezuela in 1939 to work as physician in coal mines. He returned to Bilbao just before his death. Francisco Pérez Andrés (1886-1949), disciple of Joaquín Albarrán, organized in 1919 the first urologic unit in Basurto and collaborated to stablish a pioneer institute of medical specialties in 1934. He was socialist trade unionist and exiled to Biarritz (France) to work in Hospital Roseraie for basque evacuees. He was later imprisioned and couldn’t recover professionally. Julian Guimón Rezola (1898-1980), Head of Surgery in Basurto in 1936, established the curricula for urologic teaching in the university and founded nurse school. When insurgents entered Bilbao the university was closed and he was sentenced to life imprisonment but was pardoned in 1940 and recovered successful private practice in Bilbao. Gonzalo de Aranguren Sabas (1905-1975), director of Militar Hospital in Amorebieta and later of Roseraie, was exiled in Venezuela until 1958. Jerónimo Gutiérrez Gorroño (1913-1999), captain and director of Militar Hospital of Abadiano, was professionally disabled and not rehabilitated until the fifties. CONCLUSIONS: The urologic professional force stablished in Basurto Hospital was harshly repressed after the Civil War, not only for their political ideas, but also for their double loyalty to legitimate Basque and Spanish republican governments and for their commitment with an embrionic Basque University. The professionals presented suffered exile and/or imprisonment and considered outstanding personalities were not given the chance to be exempted of political responsabilities. None of them could recover an academic job.
Eur Urol Suppl 2017; 16(3);e879 Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)