Bio and Micro-Electronics eLearning by Online Collaborative Support

Available online at www.sciencedirect.com

ScienceDirect Procedia Technology 22 (2016) 1160 – 1168

WK,QWHUQDWLRQDO&RQIHUHQFH,QWHUGLVFLSOLQDULW\LQ(QJLQHHULQJ,17(5(1*2FWREHU 7LUJX0XUHV5RPDQLD

%LRDQG0LFUR(OHFWURQLFVH/HDUQLQJE\RQOLQH&ROODERUDWLYH 6XSSRUW %RJGDQ3DWULFKLD'DQ3UHOLSFHDQXD'DQLHOD0DQXFD &ULVWLDQ5DYDULXE)ORULQ%DEDUDGDE  D

&DURO'DYLOD8QLYHUVLW\RI0HGLFLQHDQG3KDUPDF\'LRQLVLH/XSX%XFKDUHVW5RPDQLD 3RO\WHFKQLF8QLYHUVLW\RI%XFKDUHVW(77,(5**URXS%G,XOLX0DQLX%XFKDUHVW5RPDQLD

E

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© 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license ‹7KH$XWKRUV3XEOLVKHGE\(OVHYLHU/WG (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). 3HHUUHYLHZXQGHUUHVSRQVLELOLW\RIWKH³3HWUX0DLRU´8QLYHUVLW\RI7LUJX0XUHV)DFXOW\RI(QJLQHHULQJ Peer-review under responsibility of the “Petru Maior” University of Tirgu Mures, Faculty of Engineering

.H\ZRUGVH/HDUQLQJ%LRHQJLQHHULQJ0LFURHOHFWURQLFV,QIRUPDWLRQ7HFKQRORJ\2QOLQH&ROODERUDWLYH3ODWIRUPV





&RUUHVSRQGLQJDXWKRU7HOID[ (PDLODGGUHVVIORULQEDEDUDGD#XSEUR

2212-0173 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of the “Petru Maior” University of Tirgu Mures, Faculty of Engineering doi:10.1016/j.protcy.2016.01.163

Bogdan Patrichi et al. / Procedia Technology 22 (2016) 1160 – 1168

1161

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¶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

1162

Bogdan Patrichi et al. / Procedia Technology 22 (2016) 1160 – 1168

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³VHUYHUVLGH´ GXH WR LWV FRQWHQW DFFHVVLEOH IURP WKH VHUYHU UHVRXUFHV 0\64/ 0\ 6WUXFWXUHG 4XHU\ /DQJXDJH  FRQVLVWV LQ WKH PDLQ GDWDEDVH W\SH WKDW LV XVHG LQ RUGHU WR VWRUH WKH GLVHDVHV DQG V\PSWRPV LQIRUPDWLRQ>@-DYD6FULSWLVDG\QDPLFVFULSWLQJODQJXDJHZKLFKGLUHFWO\LQWHUDFWVRQWKHEURZVHUPHQX+70/ +\SHU7H[W 0DUNXS /DQJXDJH  LV HVVHQWLDOO\ WKH FRPPRQ ODQJXDJH RI ZHEVLWH GHVFULSWRU 7KH VHUYHUVLGH WHFKQRORJ\ILQDOO\DFKLHYHVD+70/ILOH 7KHDSSOLFDWLRQXVHV0\64/7DEOHVFRQWDLQLQJWKHPHGLFDOGDWDEDVHZLWKLQWHUFRQQHFWLRQVDVLVVKRZQLQ WKHILJXUH7KRVHFRORXUHGZLQGRZVDUHLQIDFWWKH+HDGHURIWKRVH0\64/7DEOHV

 )LJ7KHUHODWLRQVKLSVEHWZHHQWKHIRXU0\64/WDEOHVFRUUHVSRQGLQJWRWKHIRXUVWHSV

'HVSLWHV RQ WKH KXJH DGYDQFHV LQ ELRLQIRUPDWLFV D XVHIXO VRIW WRRO IRU PHGLFDO GLDJQRVLV VWLOO VXIIHU IURP KHWHURJHQHRXV GDWD VSDFHV LQFOXGLQJ QRQWH[WXDO LQIRUPDWLRQ >@ RU H[FHVVLYH KXJH GDWDEDVHV >@ ,Q FRPSDULVRQ ZLWK RWKHUV UHVXOWV >@ WKH QRYHOW\ RI RXU SDSHU FRQVLVWV LQ D VLPSOH DQG IOH[LEOH VRIWZDUH DSSOLFDWLRQ REYLRXVO\ KDYLQJWKHGLVDGYDQWDJHRIORZHUDFFXUDF\7KHSURFHGXUHRIYLUWXDOGLDJQRVLVXVHVWKHIROORZLQJVVWHSV  )LUVW6WHS7KHFDWHJRULHVRIV\PSWRPVFRQYXOVLRQSDLQHWF DUHHQWHUHGDVDILVWGDWDEDVHILOH7KHSDWLHQW PXVWWLFNWKHFDWHJRULHVWKDWKHVXIIHUV,IQRWLFNWKHSURFHGXUHGLUHFWO\JRHVWRWKHWKLUGVWHS  6HFRQG6WHS7KHPDUNHGFDWHJRULHVRIV\PSWRPVDUHLQYHVWLJDWHG)RUHYHU\FDWHJRU\IROORZVWKHHQWLUHOLVW ZLWK GHWDLOHG DVVRFLDWHG V\PSWRPV )RU H[DPSOH LI WKH ³SDLQ´ FDWHJRU\ ZDV ILUVWO\ VHOHFWHG QRZ WKH XVHU PXVW GHFODUHWKHORFDOL]DWLRQRULQWHQVLW\7KHVHOHFWHGV\PSWRPVRQFDWHJRULHVDUHVHSDUDWHO\GLVSOD\HGDVDOLVWW\SH   7KLUG 6WHS ,Q WKLV VWHS DQ H[KDXVWLYHO\ OLVW ZLWK DOO NQRZQ V\PSWRPV IURP WKH PHGLFDO GDWD EDVH DUH FRPSOHWHG7KHXVHUVKDYHWRPDUNWKRVHFDWHJRULHVRIV\PSWRPVLQGLFDWHGDWWKHVWHSZKLFKFDQEHFRQIRXQGHG ZLWKRWKHUV\PSWRPVDQGWKH\DUHLPSOLFLWO\PDUNHGLQVWHS,QWKLVDSSOLFDWLRQWKHXVHUKDVWKHODVWGHFLVLRQKH FDQPDUNQHZSDUWLFXODUV\PSWRPVRUGHOHWHRWKHUV

Bogdan Patrichi et al. / Procedia Technology 22 (2016) 1160 – 1168

1163

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





D

E )LJD )LUVWZLQGRZWKDWSDWLHQWLQWHUDFWDW6WHSDWWKHHQGPXVW³&RQWLQXH´ E $GHWDLOHGOLVWVZLWKV\PSWRPV$WWKHHQGPXVWSUHVV%DFNRU&RQWLQXH

,QWKHILQDOVWHSWKHSUREDELOLW\RIWKHWHUPLQXVGLDJQRVWLFLVFRPSXWHGDVDVXPRIZHLJKWLQJSUREDELOLWLHV)RU LQVWDQFHPHGLFDOGDWDLQGLFDWHDEQRUPDOERG\WHPSHUDWXUHDVVRFLDWHGWRDEXQGDQWWUDQVSLUDWLRQV\PSWRPVWKDQDOHUW WKHSDWLHQWWRVXVSHFWUDWKHUDQLQIHFWLRXVGLVHDVH7KHVSHFLILFZHLJKWVDUHLQSXWSDUDPHWHUVHDVLO\WREHPRGLILHG E\WKHSURMHFWPDQDJHU2WKHUDXWKRUVXVHSUREDELOLW\WKHRU\LQPHGLFDOGLDJQRVLVWRR>@ 7KHFROODERUDWLYHSRLQWFDUH 7KH XVHU LQWHUIDFH LV VWDUWLQJ ZLWK WKH ³9LUWXDO 'LDJQRVLV LQ 0HGLFLQH´ DGGUHVV VHOHFWLRQ LQ WKH ,QWHUQHW ZHE EURZVHUILJ)RULQVWDQFHWKHXVHUWLFNVWKHIROORZLQJFDWHJRULHVLQ6WHS³ILOOLQJVLFN´³7URXEOHV´³9LHZ´$W 6WHS  VRPH GHWDLOHG FDWHJRULHV DUH DYDLODEOH DV W\SHV RI ³ILOOLQJ VLFN´ HWF DQG KH FRQWLQXHV WR WLFN ³:DON 7URXEOHV´³ILOOLQJVLFNLQYLHZDWERWKH\HV´RWKHUV$IWHU³&RQWLQXH´SUHVVLQJKHJRHVWR6WHSZKHUHDGHWDLOHG OLVWRIDOODVVRFLDWHGV\PSWRPVLVDYDLODEOH+HUHKHOHWWKHLPSOLFLWILHOGVPDUNHGDW6WHSDQGKHDGGV³+DQGVRU OHJV QXPELQJ´ ³$Q[LHW\ VHQVDWLRQ´ ³ILOOLQJ VLFN LQ VOHHSLQJ´ RWKHUV DQG ILQDOO\ SUHVVHV ³'LDJQRVLV´ ,Q WKH ODVW ZLQGRZDUHOLVWHGDOOWKHGHFODUHGV\PSWRPVDQGEHORZWKHSHUFHQWVRISRWHQWLDODVVRFLDWHGGLVHDVHV3DQLFDWWDFN±  RU +LJK EORRG SUHVVXUH ±  RU 7DUGLYH '\VNLQHVLD ±  RU 0DMRU 'HSUHVVLRQ ±  RU K\SRFDOFHPLD±RWKHUVDIIHFWLRQV±$OOVXSSRVHGGLVHDVHVFRYHUSHUFHQWDJH7KHSDWLHQWFDQ VXVSHFWILUVWO\WKHGLVHDVHZLWKWKHPD[LPXPSUREDELOLW\7KLVSDSHURQO\VKRZVDSURRIRIFRQFHSW6WDUWLQJIURP KHUH WKH HOHFWURQLF ILOHV ZLWK GLVHDVHV DQG V\PSWRPV FDQ EH HQULFKHG LQ D IXWXUH ZRUN ,QVLGH D ODUJHU PHGLFDO GDWDEDVHLWLVSUHGLFWDEOHWRREWDLQD3RLVVRQGLVWULEXWLRQPXFKQDUURZHVWHJRUGLVHDVHZLWKaSUREDELOLW\ DQGRWKHUVGLVHDVHVVXESHUFHQW >@

1164

Bogdan Patrichi et al. / Procedia Technology 22 (2016) 1160 – 1168

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¶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







D 













E 



)LJD $ELRVHQVRUFDSWXULQJXVLQJ$PELHQWDVQDQRSRURXV7L2DQG$PELHQWDVJOXFRVHR[LGDVHOD\HU  E WKHSRWHQWLDOGLVWULEXWLRQDW9* 9ZKLFKFRUUHVSRQGVWRDPD[LPXPJOXFRVHFRQFHQWUDWLRQ

1165

Bogdan Patrichi et al. / Procedia Technology 22 (2016) 1160 – 1168

$QLPDWLRQRIVRPHQHXURWUDQVPLWWHUVH[RF\WRVH $QRWKHUH[DPSOHLVGHYRWHGWRSURYLGHVRPHLQWUDFHOOXODUSKHQRPHQDZLWKRXWELRORJLFDOPLFURVFRS\7KHQH[W DQLPDWLRQ LV SHUIRUPHG LQ 6RWKLQN 6:) 4XLFNHU 6RIWZDUH ,W XVHV )ODVK LQ RUGHU WR DQLPDWH D VHULHV RI LPDJHV GHVFULELQJWKHV\QDSVHZRUNUHJLPHLQWRDPRYLHRIWKHHQWLUHSURFHVV)LJXUHSUHVHQWVVRPHVHTXHQFHVIURPWKLV PRYLHIRUWKHHOHFWULFDOSXOVHWUDQVPLVVLRQDORQJD[RQ:KHQWKHDFWLRQSRWHQWLDO±WKHJUHHQ]RQH±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

 )LJ,QWHUPHGLDWHVVWHSVIRUWKHLQWUDQHXURQDODFWLRQSRWHQWLDOSURSDJDWLRQ

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³(OHFWURQLF 3URFHVV 6LPXODWLRQ LQ ,QWHJUDWHG 0LFURQDQRVWUXFWXUH´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ଵ

ߥ ൌ ߘ௞ ‫ܧ‬௞  ԰



 

$IWHUFUHDWLQJWKHTXHVWLRQVZHFDQFUHDWHWKHDVVHVVPHQWVDOVRLQWKH0DWHULDOVPRGXOHZKLFKDUHMXVWOLNHWHVW VKHHWVSUHSDUHGE\WKHLQVWUXFWRUVGXULQJWUDGLWLRQDOLQVWUXFWRUOHGFRXUVHV2QHFDQXVHWKHPRQVHYHUDOFRXUVHVE\ SODFLQJWKHDVVHVVPHQWDFWLYLW\LQWKHFRXUVHVVWUXFWXUH7UDFNLQJVWXGHQWSURJUHVVLVRQHRIWKHPDMRUDGYDQWDJHVRI WKLVH/HDUQLQJHQYLURQPHQWEHFDXVHZHFDQVWRUHVGDWDRQVWXGHQWDFWLYLWLHVOLNHWLPHVSHQWRQEURZVLQJDQDFWLYLW\

1166

Bogdan Patrichi et al. / Procedia Technology 22 (2016) 1160 – 1168

RUWKHLQWHUDFWLRQVPDGHGXULQJDQDVVHVVPHQWLQFOXGLQJWKHDQVZHUDQGWKHWLPHVSHQWRQJLYLQJWKHDQVZHU)LQDOO\ WKHFRXUVHRUJDQLVDWLRQFUHDWHGLQWKH3ODQQHUDGPLQLVWUDWLYHLQWHUIDFHORRNOLNHLQ)LJ 

 )LJ3ODQQHUDGPLQLVWUDWLYHLQWHUIDFH



 

)LJ6WXGHQW,QWHUIDFH&RXUVH

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

 )LJ,QWURGXFWLRQRIWKHGHYLFHVWUXFWXUHDQGELDVSDUDPHWHUV 

 )LJ0LFUR1DQRGHYLFHV6LPXODWLRQ/DERUDWRU\

1167

Bogdan Patrichi et al. / Procedia Technology 22 (2016) 1160 – 1168

7KH&ROODERUDWLRQFRPSRQHQWSURYLGHVIHDWXUHVWKDWDOORZ LQVWUXFWRUVDQGVWXGHQWVWRLQWHUDFWDVSDUWRIFRXUVH DFWLYLWLHV 7KH SODWIRUP SURYLGHV WKH YLUWXDO FODVVURRP ZKHUH LQWHUDFWLYH VHVVLRQV WDNH SODFH DQG PDQDJHV GLVFXVVLRQ IRUXPV IRUFRXUVHV:KHQFUHDWLQJWKHOLYH VHVVLRQLQWKH0DWHULDOVLQWHUIDFHRWKHUWRROVDUHDYDLODEOH VXFKDV&KDW)ROORZ0H4XHVWLRQV $QVZHUV6FUHHQ6KDULQJ:KLWHERDUGDQG$XGLR 9LGHR7KHZKLWHERDUG IDFLOLWLHVOLNHSUHVHQWLQJILOHVVSOLWWKHWDEOHGUDZREMHFWVDQGHQWHUWH[WDUHSUHVHQWHGLQILJ 

 )LJ:KLWHERDUGH[DPSOH

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

1168

Bogdan Patrichi et al. / Procedia Technology 22 (2016) 1160 – 1168

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ySH],ERU--+UDQRY/**DHEHO:3HXVNHQV-/LQGHIRUV15LHFKHU5|VVOHU$.DKQ56&RJQLWLYH(IIHFWVRI $QWLSV\FKRWLF'UXJVLQ)LUVW(SLVRGH6FKL]RSKUHQLDDQG6FKL]RSKUHQLIRUP'LVRUGHU$5DQGRPL]HG2SHQ/DEHO&OLQLFDO7ULDO(8)(67 $PHULFDQ-RXUQDORI3V\FKLDWU\9ROQRS± >@ 0DQHD05XúDQX93DWULFKL%(6WRHDQ50&ULVWLQD00%HFWDú60)UXQ]ă$$3V\FKRWLFGLVRUGHUDIWHUUDGLRDFWLYHLRGLQHWUHDWPHQWLQ D\HDUROGZRPDQWK\URLGHFWRPL]HGIRUSDSLOODU\WK\URLGFDUFLQRPDFDVHUHSRUWWK(XURSHDQ&RQJUHVVRI3V\FKLDWU\±(XURSHDQ 3V\FKLDWULF$VVRFLDWLRQ±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± 9ROXPH±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