- Email: [email protected]
Bioadhesion — Possibilities and future trends
84
Vincent Lenaerts and Robert Gurny (Eds. ), Bioadhesive Drug Delivery Systems, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 1990, 231 pp., $139.95 (North America), $165.00 (out&de). This book is one of the few dealing with the problem of bioa~esion from a pharmaceutics standpoint. It contains 12 chapters contributed by 22 authors, among whom are the most wellknown workers in this field. The book covers all of bioa~esion, from mucus physiolo~ and pathology (Chapter 1, C. Marriott and N.P. Gregory), the theory of adhesion to glycoproteinic networks (Chapter 2, A.G. Mikos and N.A. Peppas), and the test methods of bioadhesion (Chapter 3, K. Park and H. Park), to the various possible bioadbesive dosage forms; the last forms the greater part of the book. In fact, bioadhesive forms are investigated either by their design: nanoparticles (Chapter 5, V. Lenaerts, P. Couvreur and P. Maincent, and Chapter 11, J. Kreuter), patches (Chapter 6, by H-P. Merkle, R. Anders and A. Wermerskirchen), semi-solid dosage forms (Chapter 8, R. Gurny and N.A. Peppas), or by their route of administration. From this standpoint the book demonstrates the value of bioadhesion in the search for administration routes capable of replacing the parer&era1 route for products destroyed in the gastrointestinal tract or suffering from a hepatic first-pass effect. These routes are the buccal route (Chapter 6, as well as Chapter 7, T, Nagai, Y. Machi~ and R. Konishi, and Chapter 8, R. Gurny and N.A. Peppas) and the nasal route (Chapter 9, T. Nagai and Y. Machida). It underlines the value of such administration routes for peptides (Chapter 6). The long-term objective of bioadhesion is to have dosage forms capable of adhesion at a well-defined part of the g~trointestinal tract for drugs presenting narrow absorption windows. Recent work carried out on this subject is presented (Chapter 4, P.K. Gupta, S.-H.S. Leung and J.R. Robinson, and Chapter 5). However, bioadhesion is now becoming of interest even for dosage
forms difficult to immobilize at their level of activity, such as ocular forms (Chapter 10, D.L. Middleton, S.-H.S. Leung and J.R. Robinson, and Chapter 11) , intra-uterine forms (Chapter 12, T. Nagai and Y. Machida) and gingival forms (Chapter 7). Some remarks are necessary concerning the content of this book and its presentation. As this is a contributed volume, it suffers from a lack of homogeneity and from repetitions, especially in terms of the generalities on bioadhesion mechanisms; sometimes there are even minor contradictions. It is possible that no one has the whole truth... Another minor defect of the book is that the references presented in some chapters are dated already; they may belong to authors who were among the first to finish writing their chapter... Chapter 4 concerning delivery to the gastrointestinal tract is, in fact, a veneral general one, since it discusses the fundamentals of bioadhesion as well as bioa~esion throughout the gastrointestinal tract, from the mouth to the rectum. Chapter 6, on mucoadbesive buccal patches for peptide delivery, is one of the few presenting unpublished data on the in vitro adhesion of hy~ocolloid patches, and it also presents recent results on in vivo adhesion. In conclusion, this book can be considered as an in~spensable tool for those starting to work with bioadhesion, because it presents a very extensive aspect of actual research in this field. DOMINIQUE DUCHtiNE Laboratoire de pharmacie gal&nique Uniuersitk de Paris-Sud Ch~tenay-~alab~ France
Robert Gurny and Hans E. Junginger (Eds. ), Bioadhesion Possibilities and Future Trends, APV Paperback No. 25, Wissenscha~liche Verla~gesell~ha~, Stuttgart, distributed by CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton,
85
FL, 1990, 213 pp., $79.95 (North America), $94.00 (outside). Although the concept of hioadhesion was introduced in the area of drug delivery more than a decade ago, only recently have there been efforts to integrate all the information on bioadhesion into a book. This book is one of the few which exclusively deal with fundamental aspects of bioadhesion and practical applications of bioadhesives. This book summarizes research work of the last decade and introduces new ideas for research in the nineties. As pointed out by Robinson in the first chapter, elucidation of the bioadhesion mechanisms is the key to identifying newer and more specific bioadhesive polymers as well as optimizing such systems for drug delivery purposes. Three chapters of the book dealt with the mechanisms of bioadhesion. Silberberg described the thermodynamic aspects of polymer adsorption in general. One of the important questions in bioadhesion is how fast bioadhesion occurs. Bodde pointed out in his chapter that adhesion, although energetically favorable, might not occur for kinetical reasons. Thus, understanding the kinetics of bioadhesion is essential in the development of improved bioadhesives and for this reason the chapter by Peppas and Mikos on the kinetics of mucus-polymer interactions is very important. These three chapters are extremely well written and present theoretical background necessary for explaining experimental observations on bioadhesion. The chapter by Marriott and Hughes on mucus physiol-
ogy and pathology helps us realize why the polymer-mucin interactions are so complex and difficult to study. This book also covers design and practical applications of various bioadhesive dosage forms, such as ocular, nasal, buccal, dermatological, gastrointestinal, and vaginal drug delivery systems. The problems associated with developing bioadhesive dosage forms are discussed well in a chapter by Veillard. Commercially available bioadhesive products are rather extensively described in a chapter by Hollingsbee and Timmins. These chapters will be very useful for those who are engaged in the development of bioadhesive dosage forms. One of the important applications of bioadhesives is the oral delivery of protein and peptide drugs as described by Junginger et al. This particular application deserves more extensive investigation in the future. This book will benefit those who are interested in not only theoretical aspects of bioadhesion but also those who are involved in the formulation of bioadhesive dosage forms. The research on bioadhesives will undoubtedly continue in the future and this book will serve as a fine starting point for the future research in bioadhesives. I recommend this book to everyone whose research area is related to controlled drug delivery. KINAM PARK Purdue University School of Pharmacy West Lafayette, IN 47907 U.S.A.
Vincent Lenaerts and Robert Gurny (Eds. ), Bioadhesive Drug Delivery Systems, CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, FL, 1990, 231 pp., $139.95 (North America), $165.00 (out&de). This book is one of the few dealing with the problem of bioa~esion from a pharmaceutics standpoint. It contains 12 chapters contributed by 22 authors, among whom are the most wellknown workers in this field. The book covers all of bioa~esion, from mucus physiolo~ and pathology (Chapter 1, C. Marriott and N.P. Gregory), the theory of adhesion to glycoproteinic networks (Chapter 2, A.G. Mikos and N.A. Peppas), and the test methods of bioadhesion (Chapter 3, K. Park and H. Park), to the various possible bioadbesive dosage forms; the last forms the greater part of the book. In fact, bioadhesive forms are investigated either by their design: nanoparticles (Chapter 5, V. Lenaerts, P. Couvreur and P. Maincent, and Chapter 11, J. Kreuter), patches (Chapter 6, by H-P. Merkle, R. Anders and A. Wermerskirchen), semi-solid dosage forms (Chapter 8, R. Gurny and N.A. Peppas), or by their route of administration. From this standpoint the book demonstrates the value of bioadhesion in the search for administration routes capable of replacing the parer&era1 route for products destroyed in the gastrointestinal tract or suffering from a hepatic first-pass effect. These routes are the buccal route (Chapter 6, as well as Chapter 7, T, Nagai, Y. Machi~ and R. Konishi, and Chapter 8, R. Gurny and N.A. Peppas) and the nasal route (Chapter 9, T. Nagai and Y. Machida). It underlines the value of such administration routes for peptides (Chapter 6). The long-term objective of bioadhesion is to have dosage forms capable of adhesion at a well-defined part of the g~trointestinal tract for drugs presenting narrow absorption windows. Recent work carried out on this subject is presented (Chapter 4, P.K. Gupta, S.-H.S. Leung and J.R. Robinson, and Chapter 5). However, bioadhesion is now becoming of interest even for dosage
forms difficult to immobilize at their level of activity, such as ocular forms (Chapter 10, D.L. Middleton, S.-H.S. Leung and J.R. Robinson, and Chapter 11) , intra-uterine forms (Chapter 12, T. Nagai and Y. Machida) and gingival forms (Chapter 7). Some remarks are necessary concerning the content of this book and its presentation. As this is a contributed volume, it suffers from a lack of homogeneity and from repetitions, especially in terms of the generalities on bioadhesion mechanisms; sometimes there are even minor contradictions. It is possible that no one has the whole truth... Another minor defect of the book is that the references presented in some chapters are dated already; they may belong to authors who were among the first to finish writing their chapter... Chapter 4 concerning delivery to the gastrointestinal tract is, in fact, a veneral general one, since it discusses the fundamentals of bioadhesion as well as bioa~esion throughout the gastrointestinal tract, from the mouth to the rectum. Chapter 6, on mucoadbesive buccal patches for peptide delivery, is one of the few presenting unpublished data on the in vitro adhesion of hy~ocolloid patches, and it also presents recent results on in vivo adhesion. In conclusion, this book can be considered as an in~spensable tool for those starting to work with bioadhesion, because it presents a very extensive aspect of actual research in this field. DOMINIQUE DUCHtiNE Laboratoire de pharmacie gal&nique Uniuersitk de Paris-Sud Ch~tenay-~alab~ France
Robert Gurny and Hans E. Junginger (Eds. ), Bioadhesion Possibilities and Future Trends, APV Paperback No. 25, Wissenscha~liche Verla~gesell~ha~, Stuttgart, distributed by CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton,
85
FL, 1990, 213 pp., $79.95 (North America), $94.00 (outside). Although the concept of hioadhesion was introduced in the area of drug delivery more than a decade ago, only recently have there been efforts to integrate all the information on bioadhesion into a book. This book is one of the few which exclusively deal with fundamental aspects of bioadhesion and practical applications of bioadhesives. This book summarizes research work of the last decade and introduces new ideas for research in the nineties. As pointed out by Robinson in the first chapter, elucidation of the bioadhesion mechanisms is the key to identifying newer and more specific bioadhesive polymers as well as optimizing such systems for drug delivery purposes. Three chapters of the book dealt with the mechanisms of bioadhesion. Silberberg described the thermodynamic aspects of polymer adsorption in general. One of the important questions in bioadhesion is how fast bioadhesion occurs. Bodde pointed out in his chapter that adhesion, although energetically favorable, might not occur for kinetical reasons. Thus, understanding the kinetics of bioadhesion is essential in the development of improved bioadhesives and for this reason the chapter by Peppas and Mikos on the kinetics of mucus-polymer interactions is very important. These three chapters are extremely well written and present theoretical background necessary for explaining experimental observations on bioadhesion. The chapter by Marriott and Hughes on mucus physiol-
ogy and pathology helps us realize why the polymer-mucin interactions are so complex and difficult to study. This book also covers design and practical applications of various bioadhesive dosage forms, such as ocular, nasal, buccal, dermatological, gastrointestinal, and vaginal drug delivery systems. The problems associated with developing bioadhesive dosage forms are discussed well in a chapter by Veillard. Commercially available bioadhesive products are rather extensively described in a chapter by Hollingsbee and Timmins. These chapters will be very useful for those who are engaged in the development of bioadhesive dosage forms. One of the important applications of bioadhesives is the oral delivery of protein and peptide drugs as described by Junginger et al. This particular application deserves more extensive investigation in the future. This book will benefit those who are interested in not only theoretical aspects of bioadhesion but also those who are involved in the formulation of bioadhesive dosage forms. The research on bioadhesives will undoubtedly continue in the future and this book will serve as a fine starting point for the future research in bioadhesives. I recommend this book to everyone whose research area is related to controlled drug delivery. KINAM PARK Purdue University School of Pharmacy West Lafayette, IN 47907 U.S.A.