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Biology, epidemiology and management of pyrodinium red tides
280 scores of papers and even whole books on the lymph system and these have described many fascinating anatomical structures. However according to Professor Satchell the teleosts no longer have a lymph system so no references, no debate and no discussion. Considering there are so many structures that have been described as parts of the teleost lymph system, it seems short sighted to dismiss the whole idea of a lymph system just because some of these structures originally considered as lymph are now recognised as components of the secondary circulation. There would seem even more need to carefully review those other structures that may quite adequately answer the question posed by the author; how do the large molecules that have leaked from the blood stream and other non-diffusing molecules and insoluble debris return to the blood stream? The book collects together comparative information on teleost and elasmobranch fish and there is a valuable introduction to and description of the Atlantic hagfish allowing food for thought on how examples of three classes of vertebrate living in similar aquatic environments represent the evolution and development of function in their circulatory systems. C.S. WARDLE SOAFDMarine Laboratory P.O. Box 101 Aberdeen UK
PYRODINIUM RED TIDES Biology, Epidemiology and Management o f Pyrodinium Red Tides, Gustaaf M. Hallegraeff and Jay L. Maclean (Editors), Fisheries Department, Ministry of Development, Bandar Seri Begawan 1921, Brunei Darussalam, 1989,286 pp., US$ 40.00 (including Airmail), ISBN 971-1022-64-8, ISSN 0115-4435. Pyrodinium bahamense var. compressum is the toxic marine dinoflagellate responsible for outbreaks of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) in southeast Asia and Guatemala over the past few years. These events have resulted in about 100 human deaths, more than 1000 cases of illness, and extensive damage to the utilization of fisheries resources in these regions. Similar to the situation for other toxic and harmful bloom algae around the world, blooms and red tides of P. bahamense appear to be spreading into new areas. The problem is particularly severe in regard to P. bahamense var. compressum because this organism occurs in countries inexperienced in dealing with toxic
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red tides and lacking the scientific, managerial and medical infrastructure to cope with these emergencies. With support from a number of international organizations, an international workshop was held in Brunei Darussalam in May, 1989, to discuss what is known about Pyrodiniurn red tides and to train participants in research, monitoring and management aspects of the problem. This book represents the proceedings of that workshop. The book is a smorgasbord of useful basic scientific and applied information on Pyrodinium red tides. Its strength is that it is a compilation of nearly all information available on the science and management of Pyrodiniurn red tides into one volume. As such, the book is a valuable resource to those countries in southeast Asia and Central America threatened by the problem. It is especially useful as a guide for training new people in addressing the research, monitoring and management issues associated with Pyrodinium blooms. The book contains two sections. The first concerns the history of Pyrodinium red tides and PSP in the affected countries; the general biology, taxonomy and toxicology of P. bahamense var. compressum; management approaches taken in the various countries; epidemiology; and economic impact. The scientific contributions are mostly accounts of Pyrodinium red tides in each country. In one chapter, Seliger suggests that the recent appearance of Pyrodinium red tides in new areas relates to the addition of nutrients to coastal waters ('hypertrophication') as a result of man's activities. The short chapter by Maclean contains some eye-opening figures for the extent of the economic impact of toxic red tides. The second section is the training component, containing practical information that a scientist, technician, fisheries manager, public health official, or physician would need to know in event o f a Pyrodiniurn red tide outbreak. It includes chapters on morphology of P. bahamense var. compressum motile cells and cysts, as well as organisms that may be confused with Pyrodinium, with good photos, diagrams and keys. It spells out methods and explains inexpensive equipment for sampling water and sediments for motile cells and cysts, along with a thorough treatment by Franks and Anderson of strategies for developing field sampling programs for marine dinoflagellates. There are also chapters on Pyrodinium culture methods (unfortunately, there are difficulties keeping this organism in culture for long), on assays for Pyrodinium toxins (standard mouse bioassay and HPLC), and on epidemiological and medical procedures. This book is well edited and uses the same readable typeface throughout. To the credit of the participants, the editors and the publishers, the volume was available within 6 months of the workshop. It is reasonably priced at US$ 40.00 for airmail delivery, or US$ 28.00 for surface mail. If you are involved in work on the science or management of toxic red tides and harmful algal blooms and their consequences to fisheries and public
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health, you or your library should get a copy. Copies would be especially helpful to agencies operating in areas of the developing world where Pyrodinium outbreaks now occur, i.e. southeast Asia and Central America. ALAN W. WHITE Northeast Fisheries Center National Marine Fisheries Service Woods Hole MA 02543 USA
PYRODINIUM RED TIDES Biology, Epidemiology and Management o f Pyrodinium Red Tides, Gustaaf M. Hallegraeff and Jay L. Maclean (Editors), Fisheries Department, Ministry of Development, Bandar Seri Begawan 1921, Brunei Darussalam, 1989,286 pp., US$ 40.00 (including Airmail), ISBN 971-1022-64-8, ISSN 0115-4435. Pyrodinium bahamense var. compressum is the toxic marine dinoflagellate responsible for outbreaks of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) in southeast Asia and Guatemala over the past few years. These events have resulted in about 100 human deaths, more than 1000 cases of illness, and extensive damage to the utilization of fisheries resources in these regions. Similar to the situation for other toxic and harmful bloom algae around the world, blooms and red tides of P. bahamense appear to be spreading into new areas. The problem is particularly severe in regard to P. bahamense var. compressum because this organism occurs in countries inexperienced in dealing with toxic
281
red tides and lacking the scientific, managerial and medical infrastructure to cope with these emergencies. With support from a number of international organizations, an international workshop was held in Brunei Darussalam in May, 1989, to discuss what is known about Pyrodiniurn red tides and to train participants in research, monitoring and management aspects of the problem. This book represents the proceedings of that workshop. The book is a smorgasbord of useful basic scientific and applied information on Pyrodinium red tides. Its strength is that it is a compilation of nearly all information available on the science and management of Pyrodiniurn red tides into one volume. As such, the book is a valuable resource to those countries in southeast Asia and Central America threatened by the problem. It is especially useful as a guide for training new people in addressing the research, monitoring and management issues associated with Pyrodinium blooms. The book contains two sections. The first concerns the history of Pyrodinium red tides and PSP in the affected countries; the general biology, taxonomy and toxicology of P. bahamense var. compressum; management approaches taken in the various countries; epidemiology; and economic impact. The scientific contributions are mostly accounts of Pyrodinium red tides in each country. In one chapter, Seliger suggests that the recent appearance of Pyrodinium red tides in new areas relates to the addition of nutrients to coastal waters ('hypertrophication') as a result of man's activities. The short chapter by Maclean contains some eye-opening figures for the extent of the economic impact of toxic red tides. The second section is the training component, containing practical information that a scientist, technician, fisheries manager, public health official, or physician would need to know in event o f a Pyrodiniurn red tide outbreak. It includes chapters on morphology of P. bahamense var. compressum motile cells and cysts, as well as organisms that may be confused with Pyrodinium, with good photos, diagrams and keys. It spells out methods and explains inexpensive equipment for sampling water and sediments for motile cells and cysts, along with a thorough treatment by Franks and Anderson of strategies for developing field sampling programs for marine dinoflagellates. There are also chapters on Pyrodinium culture methods (unfortunately, there are difficulties keeping this organism in culture for long), on assays for Pyrodinium toxins (standard mouse bioassay and HPLC), and on epidemiological and medical procedures. This book is well edited and uses the same readable typeface throughout. To the credit of the participants, the editors and the publishers, the volume was available within 6 months of the workshop. It is reasonably priced at US$ 40.00 for airmail delivery, or US$ 28.00 for surface mail. If you are involved in work on the science or management of toxic red tides and harmful algal blooms and their consequences to fisheries and public
282
health, you or your library should get a copy. Copies would be especially helpful to agencies operating in areas of the developing world where Pyrodinium outbreaks now occur, i.e. southeast Asia and Central America. ALAN W. WHITE Northeast Fisheries Center National Marine Fisheries Service Woods Hole MA 02543 USA