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Biomechanical basis of orthotic management
Kanayama
3 Hayes MA, Howard TC, Gruel CR et al. Roentgenographic evaluation of lumbar spine flexionextension in asymptomatic individuals. Spine 1989; 14: 327-31 4 Ogston NG, King GJ, Gertzbein SD et al. Centrode patterns in the lumbar spine: baseline studies in normal subjects. Spine 1986; 11: 591-5 5 Tanz SS. Motion of the lumbar spine: a roentgenologic study. Am J Roentgen01 1953; 69: 399-412 6 Fielding JM. Cineroentgenography of the normal cervical spine. J Bone Joint Surg 1957; 39-A: 1280-8 7 Jones MD. Cineradiographic studies of the collarimmobilized cervical spine. J Neurosurg 1960; 12: 633-7 8 Jones MD. Cineroentgenographic studies of patients with cervical spine fusion. AmJ Roentgenol1962; 87: 1054-7 9 van Mameren H, SanchesH, Beursgens J et al. Cervical spine motion in the sagittal plane, II. Spine 1992; 17: 467-74 10 Cholewicki J, McGill SM, Wells RP et al. Method for measuring vertebral kinematics from videofluoroscopy. Clin Biomech 1991; 6: 73-8 11 Shirzi-Ad1 A, Shrivastava SC, Ahmed AM. Stressanalysis of the disc body unit in compression. Spine 1984; 9: 120-34 12 Spilker RL, Jakobs DM, Schultz AB. Material constants for a finite element model of the intervertebral disk with a fiber composite annulus. J Biomech Eng 1986; 108: l- 11 13 Yang KH, King AI. Mechanism of facet load transmission as a hypothesis for low-back pain. Spine 1984; 9: 557-65
et al.: Lumbar
spine deformation
199
14 Davis PR, Troup JDG, Burnard JH. Movements of the thorax and lumbar spine when lifting: a chronocyclophotographic study. J Anat 1965; 99: 13-26 15 Floyd WF, Silver PHS. The function of erector spinae muscles in certain movements and postures in man. J PhysioZl955; 129: 184-203 16 White III AA, Panjabi MM. Clinical biomechanics of the spine, 2nd edn. Lippincott, Philadelphia, 1990; 65-6 17 Shirazi-Ad1 A. Strain in fibers of a lumbar disc: analysis of the role of lifting in producing disc prolapse. Spine 1989; 14: 96- 103 18 Kasra M, Shirazi-Ad1 A, Drouin G. Dynamics of human lumbar intervertebral joints: experimental and finiteelement investigations. Spine 1992; 17: 93- 102 19 Tadano S, Ishikawa H, Ito M, Kaneda K. Strain distribution on the sagittal plane of an intervertebral disc. Trans Jpn Sot Mech Eng 1991; 57-A-537: 1202-7 20 Pearcy M, Rortek I, Shepherd J. Three-dimensional Xray analysis of normal movement in the lumbar spine. Spine 1984; 9: 294-7 21 Panjabi MM, Goel VK, Takata K. Physiologic strains in the lumbar spinal ligaments. An in vitro biomechanical study. Spine 1982; 7: 192-203 22 Panjabi MM. Biomechanical evaluation of spinal fixation device, I. A conceptual framework. Spine 1988; 13: 1129-34 23 Yamamoto I, Panjabi MM, Crisco T et al. Threedimensional movements of the whole lumbar spine and lumbosacral joint. Spine 1989; 14: 1256-60
Book review Biomechanical
Basis of Orthotic Management
P Bowker, D N Condie, D L Bader and D .I Pratt
Butterworth-Heinemann ISBN 0 7506 1380 7
Ltd, 1993, 290 pp
This is a clearly written academic text which will appeal to a multidisciplinary health-care team. It is particularly pleasing to note that the text has been written in such a way as to be appropriate for clinicians and bioengineers, and all interested in the managementof locomotor pathology by the use of orthoses. The introductory chapter clearly identifies the reference terminology used throughout the book which provides the reader with essential background information. The chapter considering basic biomechanics is well written and introduces essential mechanical principles which, as a clinician, I found interesting to read and easy to follow. The clinical examples given fully illustrate the mechanical principles used in the design of orthoses and serve to introduce the biomechanics of orthoses. The text considers the description and assessmentof gait and the patient-orthosis interface which links mechanics with soft-tissue viability. The chapter on foot orthoses is well written although it does not emphasize the need to consider
foot tissue viability in the neuropathic or ischaemic foot. As a result of this some foot orthoses are not considered. Consideration of ankle-foot orthoses and knee orthoses is well written and introduces many new research developments in these areas. Many of the chapters clearly identify the need for additional research and development in the areas of orthotic design and manufacture. Many of the orthoses available today appear to have changed little over the years and surely illustrates the need for research investment in this area. Consideration of upper limb, head and neck, and spinal orthoses provides an overview of these areas and then introduces a chapter on seating. All the chapters are very well referenced and will provide a valuable reference source for both clinicians and bioengineers. I commend the text to any practitioner involved in the prescription, design, and manufacture of orthoses. Steve West
3 Hayes MA, Howard TC, Gruel CR et al. Roentgenographic evaluation of lumbar spine flexionextension in asymptomatic individuals. Spine 1989; 14: 327-31 4 Ogston NG, King GJ, Gertzbein SD et al. Centrode patterns in the lumbar spine: baseline studies in normal subjects. Spine 1986; 11: 591-5 5 Tanz SS. Motion of the lumbar spine: a roentgenologic study. Am J Roentgen01 1953; 69: 399-412 6 Fielding JM. Cineroentgenography of the normal cervical spine. J Bone Joint Surg 1957; 39-A: 1280-8 7 Jones MD. Cineradiographic studies of the collarimmobilized cervical spine. J Neurosurg 1960; 12: 633-7 8 Jones MD. Cineroentgenographic studies of patients with cervical spine fusion. AmJ Roentgenol1962; 87: 1054-7 9 van Mameren H, SanchesH, Beursgens J et al. Cervical spine motion in the sagittal plane, II. Spine 1992; 17: 467-74 10 Cholewicki J, McGill SM, Wells RP et al. Method for measuring vertebral kinematics from videofluoroscopy. Clin Biomech 1991; 6: 73-8 11 Shirzi-Ad1 A, Shrivastava SC, Ahmed AM. Stressanalysis of the disc body unit in compression. Spine 1984; 9: 120-34 12 Spilker RL, Jakobs DM, Schultz AB. Material constants for a finite element model of the intervertebral disk with a fiber composite annulus. J Biomech Eng 1986; 108: l- 11 13 Yang KH, King AI. Mechanism of facet load transmission as a hypothesis for low-back pain. Spine 1984; 9: 557-65
et al.: Lumbar
spine deformation
199
14 Davis PR, Troup JDG, Burnard JH. Movements of the thorax and lumbar spine when lifting: a chronocyclophotographic study. J Anat 1965; 99: 13-26 15 Floyd WF, Silver PHS. The function of erector spinae muscles in certain movements and postures in man. J PhysioZl955; 129: 184-203 16 White III AA, Panjabi MM. Clinical biomechanics of the spine, 2nd edn. Lippincott, Philadelphia, 1990; 65-6 17 Shirazi-Ad1 A. Strain in fibers of a lumbar disc: analysis of the role of lifting in producing disc prolapse. Spine 1989; 14: 96- 103 18 Kasra M, Shirazi-Ad1 A, Drouin G. Dynamics of human lumbar intervertebral joints: experimental and finiteelement investigations. Spine 1992; 17: 93- 102 19 Tadano S, Ishikawa H, Ito M, Kaneda K. Strain distribution on the sagittal plane of an intervertebral disc. Trans Jpn Sot Mech Eng 1991; 57-A-537: 1202-7 20 Pearcy M, Rortek I, Shepherd J. Three-dimensional Xray analysis of normal movement in the lumbar spine. Spine 1984; 9: 294-7 21 Panjabi MM, Goel VK, Takata K. Physiologic strains in the lumbar spinal ligaments. An in vitro biomechanical study. Spine 1982; 7: 192-203 22 Panjabi MM. Biomechanical evaluation of spinal fixation device, I. A conceptual framework. Spine 1988; 13: 1129-34 23 Yamamoto I, Panjabi MM, Crisco T et al. Threedimensional movements of the whole lumbar spine and lumbosacral joint. Spine 1989; 14: 1256-60
Book review Biomechanical
Basis of Orthotic Management
P Bowker, D N Condie, D L Bader and D .I Pratt
Butterworth-Heinemann ISBN 0 7506 1380 7
Ltd, 1993, 290 pp
This is a clearly written academic text which will appeal to a multidisciplinary health-care team. It is particularly pleasing to note that the text has been written in such a way as to be appropriate for clinicians and bioengineers, and all interested in the managementof locomotor pathology by the use of orthoses. The introductory chapter clearly identifies the reference terminology used throughout the book which provides the reader with essential background information. The chapter considering basic biomechanics is well written and introduces essential mechanical principles which, as a clinician, I found interesting to read and easy to follow. The clinical examples given fully illustrate the mechanical principles used in the design of orthoses and serve to introduce the biomechanics of orthoses. The text considers the description and assessmentof gait and the patient-orthosis interface which links mechanics with soft-tissue viability. The chapter on foot orthoses is well written although it does not emphasize the need to consider
foot tissue viability in the neuropathic or ischaemic foot. As a result of this some foot orthoses are not considered. Consideration of ankle-foot orthoses and knee orthoses is well written and introduces many new research developments in these areas. Many of the chapters clearly identify the need for additional research and development in the areas of orthotic design and manufacture. Many of the orthoses available today appear to have changed little over the years and surely illustrates the need for research investment in this area. Consideration of upper limb, head and neck, and spinal orthoses provides an overview of these areas and then introduces a chapter on seating. All the chapters are very well referenced and will provide a valuable reference source for both clinicians and bioengineers. I commend the text to any practitioner involved in the prescription, design, and manufacture of orthoses. Steve West