Biosurfactant using in soil remediation highly contaminated with heavy metals

Biosurfactant using in soil remediation highly contaminated with heavy metals

New Biotechnology · Volume 25S · September 2009 ABSTRACTS 3.2.16 3.2.17 Biosurfactant using in soil remediation highly contaminated with heavy met...

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New Biotechnology · Volume 25S · September 2009

ABSTRACTS

3.2.16

3.2.17

Biosurfactant using in soil remediation highly contaminated with heavy metals

Biostimulation of ascorbic acid biosynthesis



Z. Gusiatin , E. Klimiuk, T. Pokój, D. Kulikowska University of Warmia and Mazury, Olsztyn, Poland

The new promising remedial strategy for treating soils contaminated with heavy metals is washing process with biosurfactants, mainly of microbial origin and plant as well. The interest of using such agents in soil remediation follows from their distinct advantages, compared with synthetic surfactants, like lower toxicity, higher biodegradability, better biocompatibility or the ability to be synthesized from renewable sources. The diversity in chemical forms gives possibility for biosurfactants to be selected for different metals. However, the experiments on soil remediation, especially multi-metal contaminated soils, with biosurfactants are still limited. The objective of this research was to evaluate the performance of Saponin, a plant-derived biosurfactant, a glycoside from quillaja bark, for removal of copper (Cu) and nickel (Ni) as a single or mixed metals from two artificially contaminated soils of low organic content (loam sand and medium loam). Total metal concentrations in tested soils (on average 1300 mg Cu/kg 558 mg Ni/kg) were in range typical for areas located in the vicinity of Cu—Ni smelters. Operational parameters (concentration, pH, kinetics) were determined in batch conditions. The efficiency of metals removal was found to be dependent on Saponin concentration. The optimum concentration seems to be approximately 2%, which was 20-fold higher than critical micelle concentration (CMC) of biosurfactant estimated in soil/water system. This suggests that micelles were directly responsible for mobilization and removal of metals. Cu and Ni were preferentially removed form soils by Saponin, depending on their occurrence in soils as single or binary ions. Regardless of soil type, copper was released more sufficiently as single metal (49.2—53.0%) rather than in mixture with Ni (33.0—36.6%). However, an opposite tendency was observed for nickel (14.0—23.4% or 24.1—50.8%, respectively). Nickel was removed more sufficiently from medium loam in comparison with loam sand. Metals removal from soils increased with pH decreasing of biosurfactant solution. Compared with distilled water, the maximum Saponin efficiency was attained between pH 3 and 4. For single copper, it increased to 62.2%, whereas in mixture to 50.4%. Under optimum pH, the efficiency of single nickel removal was comparable as in mixture with Cu (from 45.1% to 63.8%). Metals desorption proceeded according to a pseudo-second order reaction. In most cases, equilibrium rate constants (k) were clearly higher for Ni (2.7—3.9 g/mg min) than Cu (0.3—1.1 g/mg min). The results suggest that Saponin can be successfully recommended for remediation of soils highly contaminated with heavy metals. doi:10.1016/j.nbt.2009.06.649

N. Choupakhina 1,∗ , G. Choupakhina 2 , V.V. Biryukov 3 1

Kaliningrad State Technical University, Kaliningrad, Russian Federation Immanuel Kant State University of Russia, Kaliningrad, Russian Federation 3 Moscow State University of Environmental Engineering, Moscow, Russian Federation 2

It is proved, that the negative influence of oxygen on beer quality starts at the stage of malt grinding and doughing. Therefore, antioxidants, for example, ascorbic acid (AA) may be used in order to minimize this negative effect. We offered the method of springing barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) seeds, belonging to Roland cultivar sprouting during 6 days at the presence of “Diaphtan” in different concentration and within different exposure time. «Diaphtan»—–the product of glycerin biotransformation by nonproliferating cells Gluconobacter oxydans, it is received in accordance with licensed technology of Moscow State University of environmental engineering. The product consists of dihydroxiacetone (96%) with monokaliumphosphate additions in a form of crystal preparation or syrup with dihydroxiacetone content no less than 50%, phosphate content, 2% and glycerol, 5%. Ascorbic acid content of its derivatives (dehydroascorbic acid (DAA) and diketogulonic acid (DKGA)) was photometrically detected. It was determined, that biotechnological product “Diaphtan” acts as a stimulator of AA synthesis at the concentration from 0.25% to 0.75%, and DAA and DKGA synthesis at the concentration from 0.25% to 1%. In 24 h of exposition, AA level increased in 19.6 times, DAA in 41.7 times, and DKGA in 10 times in comparison to controls. It means that “Diaphtan” can be used in order to raise AA endogenous level in barley sprouts, used for malt preparation instead of AA exogenous insertion. doi:10.1016/j.nbt.2009.06.650

3.2.18 Properties and biodegradability of cast films based on agroindustrial residues, pectin and polivinilic alcohol (PVA) K. Arevalo ∗ , E. Aleman, G. Rojas, L. Morales, L.J. Galan Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza, Mexico

In the last years the increases of the population, high diversity of the industrial production and consuming process around the world, have given many environmental problems like the generation and accumulation of wastes. The biodegradable polymers have been recognized as one kind of solution for some environmental pollution problems. Agroindustrial activities are one of the most important activities in many countries and the wastes produced by these have been investigated for different applications, one of these is presented in this research: the utilization of residues of the juice industry for the elaboration of cast films. www.elsevier.com/locate/nbt S287