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Birth Control, Contraception and the So-Called Safe Period
]02
A::\;IERfCAX .JOt:RNAfJ OF OBSTE'fInes AND GYXECOLOGY
2. An attempt was made to illflucll('e the irwreased prolan excretion by inducing pseudomcnstruation or menst.ruation. This is successful in proportion to tlw severity of the ovarian dysfunction. If the functional inhibition of the ovaries exists a few years only (secondary amenorrhea), climination of prolan A ran be decreased by administering the quantity of follicular hormone required for inducing pseudomenstruation. If ovarian fUlletion has never been present (primary amenorrhea), even the ind Iletion of mewltruation may not depress exeessive elimination of prolan A. This is only possible after repeated induction of menstrua tio n. In the castrated woman, prolan A production will not be influenced even if pseudomenstruation or menstruation, respeetivrly, could be indueed for several months in succession. il. The disturbanee of the g'onadotropic fUlletion of the anterior pituitary is not of the Ramc kind in primary as in seeondary amenorrhea. This is ShOWll by the faet, that excessive production of gonadotropic hormones may be influenced by means of ovarian hormones in cases of secondary amellorrhea, but they are scarcely or not at all to be influenced in eases of primary amenorrhea.
(1) Zondek, D.: Klin. Wr,lmsdlr. 9: :19:1, J9ilO; Deutsche med. \Vclmschr., Xo. 8, 1930. (2) Zondek, B.: Klin. Wchnschr., Beilage 47: 951, 1928; Klin. Wchnschr., No.4, ]929. (3) Zondr:k, B., Scheibler, A., and KrabbF, W.: Biochem. Ztschr. 258: 102, 1933. (4) Katzmann, P. A., and Doisy, E. A.: Proc. Soc. Expel'. BioI. & ~ferl. 30: n88, 19::;\. (5) Zonr/(:k, H.: Larwet 2: 10, 1!)36, p. 776, p. 842. (6) EI'ans, II. H.: Am.;T. Phy~io!. 89: :17, 1929. (7) Zonrlek, B.: Klin. Wchnse!lT., No. 4fi, 2121, ]931. (8) Zonllek, B.: Hormone des Ovariums und des Hypophy~('n vOl'derlappens, 2. A ufiage, Vienna, 1!):1;), Hpringer, p. 43fl.
Young, James: Birth Control, Contraception and the So-Called Safe Period, Brit. M . .T. 1: ] 091, J O::lfi. A steady rleclinc in 1)irth rate of most western communities during the past sixty years is aseribed in the main to the operation of intentional restriction of fertility. 'I'he author discusses three ways in which such restrictions are attained-ahstinenec, ahor6on, and eontraceptioll. The safe period as formulated hy Ogino·Knaus is described alld eriticism of it offered. I·'rom the practical standpoint it may he summarized that there exists evidence to sugf(est that if certain criteria are rigidly observed birth control based on the safe period rnn be employed with a reasonable measure of certainty. 'Vhere any variation in type exists, the difference in days between the minimum and maxilllum eyeles is added to the beginning of the fertile period as based upon the maximum (~yelc. Adjustments lIlay be required after childbirth, abortion, dehilitating diHeases or any drastie alteration in the routine ways of life. Mechanical contraceptive methods arc llriefiy outlineil. The vaginal check pessary is recommender!. Birth control ltlUSt be accepted hy the profession as a procedure which comes within the purview of medical practice. F. L. A.DAIR AXD S. A. PEAm,.
A::\;IERfCAX .JOt:RNAfJ OF OBSTE'fInes AND GYXECOLOGY
2. An attempt was made to illflucll('e the irwreased prolan excretion by inducing pseudomcnstruation or menst.ruation. This is successful in proportion to tlw severity of the ovarian dysfunction. If the functional inhibition of the ovaries exists a few years only (secondary amenorrhea), climination of prolan A ran be decreased by administering the quantity of follicular hormone required for inducing pseudomenstruation. If ovarian fUlletion has never been present (primary amenorrhea), even the ind Iletion of mewltruation may not depress exeessive elimination of prolan A. This is only possible after repeated induction of menstrua tio n. In the castrated woman, prolan A production will not be influenced even if pseudomenstruation or menstruation, respeetivrly, could be indueed for several months in succession. il. The disturbanee of the g'onadotropic fUlletion of the anterior pituitary is not of the Ramc kind in primary as in seeondary amenorrhea. This is ShOWll by the faet, that excessive production of gonadotropic hormones may be influenced by means of ovarian hormones in cases of secondary amellorrhea, but they are scarcely or not at all to be influenced in eases of primary amenorrhea.
(1) Zondek, D.: Klin. Wr,lmsdlr. 9: :19:1, J9ilO; Deutsche med. \Vclmschr., Xo. 8, 1930. (2) Zondek, B.: Klin. Wchnschr., Beilage 47: 951, 1928; Klin. Wchnschr., No.4, ]929. (3) Zondr:k, B., Scheibler, A., and KrabbF, W.: Biochem. Ztschr. 258: 102, 1933. (4) Katzmann, P. A., and Doisy, E. A.: Proc. Soc. Expel'. BioI. & ~ferl. 30: n88, 19::;\. (5) Zonr/(:k, H.: Larwet 2: 10, 1!)36, p. 776, p. 842. (6) EI'ans, II. H.: Am.;T. Phy~io!. 89: :17, 1929. (7) Zonrlek, B.: Klin. Wchnse!lT., No. 4fi, 2121, ]931. (8) Zonllek, B.: Hormone des Ovariums und des Hypophy~('n vOl'derlappens, 2. A ufiage, Vienna, 1!):1;), Hpringer, p. 43fl.
Young, James: Birth Control, Contraception and the So-Called Safe Period, Brit. M . .T. 1: ] 091, J O::lfi. A steady rleclinc in 1)irth rate of most western communities during the past sixty years is aseribed in the main to the operation of intentional restriction of fertility. 'I'he author discusses three ways in which such restrictions are attained-ahstinenec, ahor6on, and eontraceptioll. The safe period as formulated hy Ogino·Knaus is described alld eriticism of it offered. I·'rom the practical standpoint it may he summarized that there exists evidence to sugf(est that if certain criteria are rigidly observed birth control based on the safe period rnn be employed with a reasonable measure of certainty. 'Vhere any variation in type exists, the difference in days between the minimum and maxilllum eyeles is added to the beginning of the fertile period as based upon the maximum (~yelc. Adjustments lIlay be required after childbirth, abortion, dehilitating diHeases or any drastie alteration in the routine ways of life. Mechanical contraceptive methods arc llriefiy outlineil. The vaginal check pessary is recommender!. Birth control ltlUSt be accepted hy the profession as a procedure which comes within the purview of medical practice. F. L. A.DAIR AXD S. A. PEAm,.